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Anonymous
01:53
I really liked this question:
Anonymous
3
Q: What "subzero temperature" mean? Is it below zero F or below zero C?

alexWhat "subzero temperature" mean? Is it below zero F or below zero C? Is it different from "freezing"?

Anonymous
I'd never thought about it before, despite using both Fahrenheit and Celsius fairly regularly.
Anonymous
(Personally, I use Celsius everywhere, but since I live in the US I come into contact with Fahrenheit anyway, for instance while talking to other people.)
Ah, that subzero question...
I got up from bed after, like 4 hours of sleeping. :)
I'm sorry. Did I interrupt you?
Anonymous
Who, me?
Anonymous
02:03
I also got up from bed after four hours of sleeping. Well, less.
Anonymous
That's okay, though, because I shouldn't have been sleeping anyway. I'm terrible at fixing my sleep cycle :-/
Same here!!
I did sleep for another hour a couple of hours after waking up.
Good morning, everyone!
It seems everyone on Stack Exchange sucks big time at sleeping.
02:05
Sleep cycles are like magical unicorns. Impossible to get at, and possibly imaginary.
Anonymous
@Cerberus Oh! Then we should figure out what all Stack Exchange users have in common.
Anonymous
What could it be? Hmm . . .
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Good morning!
Could it be...sucking at sleeping?
Anonymous
In Japanese, there is an internet slang greeting kon.
02:06
kon?
@Cerberus I'm sure most of us more or less have it.
Anonymous
Because kon'nichiwa is used as "hello" during the day, and konbanwa at night, kon is relatively neutral with respect to time
Anonymous
So you can greet someone on the internet with kon without knowing what time zone they're in.
I see. I've heard konbanwa often enough.
Anonymous
(People don't generally say kon as a greeting in real life.)
How about Good day! in English?
Anonymous
02:07
Good day! Cheerio! Jolly good.
@DamkerngT. Yeah.
Or how about "hello!"?
Anonymous
I can't recall ever having heard someone say good day in person, though I've heard enough English that I probably have and just don't remember.
Of course! Hello!
Anonymous
Hello is nice and time-neutral.
Anonymous
Unlike Japanese kon'nichiwa
Anonymous
02:09
In English, I often say good morning irrespective of time.
Anonymous
Sometimes I feel like morning never ends. You can't have enough caffeine to make it go away.
Caffeine is probably one cause of erratic sleeping cycle.
Anonymous
Maybe all Stack Exchange users have caffeine in common.
Anonymous
Lately, I haven't had much caffeine. Which is probably a good thing, since I'm sensitive to it :-)
Anonymous
On the other hand, when I'm caffeinated I get a lot done.
Anonymous
02:10
Either that, or I get extremely talkative.
Anonymous
Which I'm not right now. I just . . . I'm . . . Um . . .
Anonymous
Hello!
Hello!
I've just got nice comments from J.R.
Sorry for switching out a bit.
Anonymous
Apology accepted, but remember that chat is always priority one.
Hah!
(Taking note about the proper priority list.)
Anonymous
02:13
Although I agree with your answer and upvoted it, I'd say that in Fahrenheit zero has psychological significance. It may just be in my head, but it really feels like it means something when the number crosses that threshold. — snailplane 8 mins ago
Anonymous
I bet I'm not the only who feels that way.
Anonymous
I want to read your J.R. comments.
In meta.
Requests for native speakers to answer questions
Somehow I can feel J.R.'s kindness.
Anonymous
> TL;DR The best thing for the community, in my opinion, is to leave such a sentence untouched, because that's what the OP wants, until the OP has got a good answer, then we remove it.
@snailplane I only drink tea...
02:16
That's my opinion.
And my sleep didn't improve when I quite tea for a week.
Anonymous
Personally, I'm petty. I hate to admit it, but I am. If I see an question that asks for answers from native speakers only, I feel disinclined to answer.
I think tea also has lots of caffeine.
Anonymous
I probably shouldn't let myself have that reaction, but there it is.
@J.R. Hello!
Anonymous
02:17
Hello!
@J.R. I've have just read your comment, and I would like to thank you.
@snailplane I usually add a comment in that case.
Well, thank you for making ELL a better place.
Anonymous
@Cerberus I've done that a few times.
Hello, apple!
02:18
@J.R. That's the least I can do. Your comments mean a lots to me.
Anonymous
Although I do think it's potentially legitimate to ask for a native speaker's opinion, I don't think such situations come up very often on ELL
Yeah.
Some questions are obvious by itself that native speakers know best.
The problem is that it is very difficult for a beginner to judge the level of English of...basically anyone. So how is he to know whether a given answer is any good?
02:20
I think so. It's hard for them to know.
I don't find anything inherently wrong with "I would like a native speaker's opinion," but when that's meant to imply "I don't want a non-native speaker's opinion," I think that crosses a line.
I usually interpreted that lines in a good way.
Until I've got some feedbacks.
And then I'd know what exactly that line means.
As for how will someone know if the answer is good, that's an easy one: Just wait a few hours. If the answer is valid and good, it will get upvoted. If it's not, it will either get downvotes or comments.
Anonymous
@J.R. We've also had users who specifically asked non-native speakers not to answer.
Anonymous
Still, that's no guarantee. We have upvoted wrong answers on ELL.
02:22
They mean they want an expert's opinion
Anonymous
(And ELU, and . . .)
@J.R. Hmm did you mean to add a semicolon somewhere in between those pseudo-quotations?
@snailplane Yes, that's what I'm talking about. I find that inappropriate. That's not how the Stack Exchange works.
@J.R. But what if it is upvoted by hordes of non-native speakers...?
That's what comments are for.
02:24
> I agree.*
*) This is supposed to emulate a comment.
Anonymous
Oh! Well done.
Heh.
I haven't found too many incorrect, highly upvoted answers on ELL.
Anonymous
02:24
It'd be even nicer if it were more Pratchett-esque and had its own nested footnote.
@J.R. But those users have no idea. For them, it's circular reasoning.
@snailplane If you know how to do that...
Anonymous
I want superscript and subscript on chat.
Be there or be^2
Btw who shot J.R.
;-)
trying to recall the show's name
02:28
Dallas
Ah, yes. That! Thanks.
Going out for breakfast. See you. Bye.
Ah, do you often go out for breakfast?
G'bye.
Later
@jr it was Kristin
 
7 hours later…
Anonymous
09:13
We also have little skirmishes over whether non-native speakers are allowed to have opinions on Japanese Language (formerly & Usage).
Anonymous
(Of course, the answer is yes, but...)
Anonymous
A user started leaving comments with their upvotes: "note -- this upvote is also coming from a non-native speaker."
Anonymous
Le sigh.
@snailplane I've heard (more like read) that Japaneses don't prefer foreigners to speak exactly the same way Japaneses speak.
But that was... maybe ten years ago.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Well, a lot of native speakers of Japanese would encourage learners to speak what is perceived as the standard language
Anonymous
09:22
I know someone who moved to Japan and married someone from Kansai, but their spouse refuses to speak Kansai-ben around them because they don't want them to learn to speak that way
Anonymous
I think also that many have an (unfortunate) perception that the language as they speak it as inferior to the standard language
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. I often say I've "heard" things that I've only read.
@snailplane Thank you for this tip.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. I think it's associated with the idea of "hearsay"--something I've only heard indirectly
Anonymous
When I say I've "heard" in this sense, it means I haven't experienced it directly.
09:29
Hello! (Good evening!)
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Are you greeting me or did someone else show up?
Anonymous
Hello!
@snailplane I greet thee!
1
A: Is there a word in English meaning "see something incorrectly"?

Maulik VYou asked for a word, and the word is misidentify. COCA shows the result of the word misidentified. You may say this (as I said in my comment) - I misidentified him as Jack. Oxford explains the word misidentify Misidentify (verb) with object: identify (something or someone) incorrec...

Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Yay! I am the greetest.
You might want to help us verify the subtlety of misidentify.
Anonymous
09:31
Misidentify is a good choice, although it doesn't necessarily involve sight.
I found it a little formal, no?
Anonymous
I can identify a piece of music by listening to it, if I'm familiar with it.
Anonymous
Formal? Sure. I suppose so
What I can't tell is "how formal it is"?
Anonymous
Me either. Kinda neutral, kinda formal?
Anonymous
09:33
On a scale of 1-5, maybe 3.5? 4?
Anonymous
It wouldn't be totally out of place in informal conversation.
Perhaps I watched too many movies that only bodyguards said this.
Anonymous
But formality is more of a spectrum than something with rigid tiers.
@snailplane That is what I didn't think, until Maulik posted his answer. And I thought, "Oh it works too!"
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. "Can you identify this song?" "Kindasorta. 'Tsa little hard to hear... Is that an electric kazoo?"
09:35
Nope. Never heard it before.
Anonymous
(This is an invented semi-informal dialogue--
Was it from some anime or a Japanese drama?
Anonymous
One thing speakers vary greatly on is their ability to pin down subtleties like formality levels. And my command of English is not particularly great. ;-)
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Hey, them there dialogues was in quotes.
Anonymous
(This is an example of where a native speaker would urge a non-native speaker not to talk like them. Again. :-)
Anonymous
09:37
(See? It happens!)
I see.
Anonymous
Yay.
Anonymous
My brain's in total Japanese mode. It keeps thinking of Japanese responses to everything.
Anonymous
Sometimes when I've been doing Japanese stuff for a while, I start having a harder time spelling in English.
09:38
You sound really like a Japanese speaking English in that line. :-)
Anonymous
That seems weird to me, because I've always been a preternaturally good speller.
Anonymous
But I start making homophone errors I'd usually never make, and so on.
preternaturally <-- new word! new word!
Anonymous
Oh, good! I might have been trying to introduce you to new words and constructions here or there, just for fun
(I meant for me.)
Anonymous
09:39
Although this is how I normally chat.
Yes, it's fun. I really like it.
Anonymous
Normally when I join ELL chat and talk to other people, I constrain myself to speak only Standard English.
Anonymous
(Unless I forget.)
I think you can talk casually in here.
Anonymous
Because, you know: 1. Standard English is generally easier to understand. 2. I don't want to encourage people to learn non-standard vocabulary, constructions, spellings . . .
Anonymous
09:40
(I think standardization effects apply equally to orthography as to spoken language. I think it's perfectly fairly to speak of Standard English spelling, for example.
People like me would want you to do the opposite of (2).
Anonymous
A lot of linguists consider spoken language to have primacy, and many consider things like orthography to be Not Language.
Anonymous
I'm not so sure that's true, though, personally.)
Anonymous
I've managed to parenthesize half of the chat window now. :-)
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Well, non-standard vocabulary is fun, but whatchagonnado?
09:42
I gonna use'em time to time.
Anonymous
Can't have learners learning non-standard non-standardisms and thinking they're not not standard.
confused :)
Anonymous
Haha, I'm sorry! ;-)
I just found the word pioneer in The Cabin in the Woods script. :)
Anonymous
Pioneer!
Anonymous
09:44
It's a relatively common word.
That's just creepy. It was pioneer days. People had to make their own interrogation rooms.
Anonymous
Lessee.
Anonymous
Say, d'ya know all these non-standard spellings?
Anonymous
They reflect contractions in pronunciation.
Anonymous
09:44
Lessee is "let's see"
I had to guess them from sounds.
Anonymous
"D'ya" is "Do you"
Anonymous
Of course, people make up eye dialect to fit however they're talking.
The first one surprised me was 'twas.
in Blynken, Wynken, and Nod.
Anonymous
Ah, that was once a standard contraction. Some might say it still is, but the problem is, it reflects a spoken form that's no longer commonly used
Anonymous
09:45
'Tis and 'twas are dated.
I see. I see.
Anonymous
But you'll find them in literature which isn't especially informal. I wouldn't call them "eye dialect", because that term has certain . . . connotations
Anonymous
Although the literal meaning is compatible.
Oh, and we now have twitter dialect.
Anonymous
There's a famous poem almost all native speakers of English know. (Well, know of. Can recognize the first few lines, at a minimum.)
Anonymous
I'm sure you can find a reading of it online to read along with.
Yes.
I've never read about this St. Nicholas before.
It's Santa!
Anonymous
It is!
Anonymous
Saint Nick.
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads
Anonymous
09:50
When I was a child, I had no idea what a sugar-plum was. Something purple, perhaps.
I'm not sure I understand that line correctly.
But it sounds like visions can dance in my head too.
Anonymous
The imaginary sugar-plums were doing the dancing.
Ah I see.
Oh, that's even stranger!
Anonymous
Maybe you could call it an example of hypallage.
dancing sugar-plums
Anonymous
09:51
But!
Anonymous
The Nutcracker ( / Shchelkunchik, Balet-feyeriya; ) is a two-act ballet, originally choreographed by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov with a score by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (op. 71). The libretto is adapted from E.T.A. Hoffmann's story The Nutcracker and the Mouse King. It was given its première at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg on Sunday, December 18, 1892, on a double-bill with Tchaikovsky's opera, Iolanta. Although the original production was not a success, the twenty-minute suite that Tchaikovsky extracted from the ballet was. However, the complete Nutcracker has enjoyed e...
Anonymous
Stupid Google.
(I'm listening to Britney's song. So they dance in a weird way.)
Anonymous
Ah, it's the ballet.
Anonymous
09:53
I have no idea how anyone can stand on their toes like that, let alone dance while doing so.
She dances so gracefully.
Anonymous
She does. It's beautiful.
I enjoy it. Thanks.
Stretching arms out like that can remind me of sugar-plum indeed.
(I'm not sure if I imagine sugar-plums correctly, but I guess they should look like coconut trees.)
Anonymous
Hypallage is interesting, by the way.
Anonymous
For instance, in a drunken brawl, it's not the brawl that is drunken, but the participants.
09:56
Oh, and sugar plum is not a tree, it's a candy!
Anonymous
Oh!
Anonymous
Well, the term sugar plum isn't commonly used in today's English.
Anonymous
As I said, when I learned the poem, I had no idea what a sugar plum was. :-)
@snailplane Ah, yes.
But Jacky Chan in Drunken Master was actually drunken.
Anonymous
Haha.
Anonymous
10:00
That's the point, though--usually the semantics fit fairly well with syntax
Anonymous
When drunken is in attributive position, it modifies the following head noun
Anonymous
A drunken X = an X that is drunk
Anonymous
But sometimes, although syntactically it appears to be modifying the following head noun, the semantics are unexpected--
Anonymous
The drunken brawl example is borrowed from Pullum, who says:
Anonymous
"When we say that some men engaged in a drunken brawl, we don't mean that the brawl was drunken (how could it be? who would pay for its drinks?), we mean that it involved drunken men."
10:03
Exactly
Anonymous
Of course, as a native speaker, I never realized there was anything interesting there until it was pointed out to me.
Anonymous
It makes me wonder if learners understand these constructions intuitively without instruction, or if giving them a label and explaining them is helpful
Somehow we don't say drunkening brawl, but we can say maddening crowd.
Anonymous
(Although the question of which label you want to give it is of only secondary importance)
@snailplane To me, it's intuitively.
Anonymous
10:05
Well, drunken isn't a transitive verb meaning "to cause to be drunk"
Anonymous
You don't drunken someone.
Anonymous
You do madden someone.
Hah!
I think in Thai, we can drunken someone.
Anonymous
In other words, the -en in madden is not the same ending you see in drunken.
Anonymous
You can madden someone, you can deepen something, you can harden something, you can moisten something, you can widen something
Anonymous
10:07
And so, maddening, deepening, hardening, moistening, widening are all words.
Ah, this point is subtle. (taking note).
Anonymous
Drunken on the other hand is a participial adjective derived from a now obsolete irregular past participle of drink.
Anonymous
(The current past participle is now drunk rather than drunken.)
@snailplane Huh? That's new to me.
Ah, drink drank drunk
Anonymous
The verb forms mentioned above are present tense verbs derived using the derivational affix -en, which transforms adjectives into causative verbs (meaning "to become 〜". So hard (adj) + -en = harden "to become hard; to cause to become hard"
Anonymous
10:11
And since harden is a verb, it can take the -ing inflectional affix: hardening
Now I'm curious about drunken.
Anonymous
(They're only causative when used transitively. I forgot this, so my description was not quite right.)
Anonymous
Yes, drink drank drunk.
Anonymous
Formerly drunken rather than drunk.
Anonymous
The participial adjective drunken was derived when that was the current form.
Anonymous
10:13
There's a lot of overlap between participles used like adjectives and derived adjectives. Sometimes you can't tell the difference. Often we can.
What would you say to describe someone trying to make someone else being drunken (so she will fall unconscious)?
Anonymous
In this case, we can tell the difference for two reasons:
1. The past participle of the verb changed form, but the adjective remained.
2. It's clearly lexicalized as an adjective, because we can see it's taken on a somewhat different meaning.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. I'd use get. Trying to get him drunk.
I see.
Anonymous
10:14
Hello, skullpatrol!
Anonymous
In particular, drink has both the general meaning "to ingest liquid" and the specific meaning "to ingest liquid containing alcohol"
Anonymous
But drunken can never mean "has had a lot of water". It always means "has had a lot of alcohol"
10:16
nod
Anonymous
(This is complicated by the fact that the same thing is true of the derived drunk :-)
Anonymous
I think I wrote an answer about this once, but I'm too lazy to look.
I think "drunk" is a state.
6
A: Correct form of verb in the sentence?

snailplaneInsertion of never doesn't change the choice of form in this case: I drank. I never drank. The same is true for other forms of drink. Compare: I drink coffee. I never drink coffee. I have drunk coffee. I have never drunk coffee. Drink is a bit of an odd word, historically....

Anonymous
Sure. I agree. There's more than one word spelled drunk though.
10:19
@snailplane Huh?
Drank is verb?
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. One is an adjective expressing a state, as skullpatrol helpfully points out. That state is having imbibed lots of alcohol.
Anonymous
One is a noun. A drunk is a person who drinks a lot, as in "the town drunk".
I see.
Anonymous
One is a verb form: "I've drunk a lot of water"
Anonymous
10:20
They have different meanings.
Anonymous
The verb form can be used with consumption of non-alcoholic liquids.
Anonymous
The adjective cannot. The noun cannot.
I've never realized that.
"Drank a lot" sounds better to me :-)
Anonymous
"The town drunk" is not someone who always drinks a lot of water. The word requires that what they drink a lot of is alcohol.
Anonymous
10:21
@skullpatrol Well, I was constructing a sentence that deliberately used the past participle.
Anonymous
You probably feel there's no reason to use a perfect construction there because there's no context that demands it.
Anonymous
And that's true--there's no context. But if you imagined a context where it made sense to use a perfect construction, the above is the standard way to do so.
Anonymous
It can be difficult to properly judge examples out of context.
Hmm ... Thanks, that makes sense.
Anonymous
But I agree with you. I'd be more inclined to say "I drank a lot of water" most of the time.
10:24
I think someone had said context is the king (or the key) here before.
(Reading what I've just typed, it sounds a little odd.)
KING or key, it is THE most important
I see.
Anonymous
Hmm.
Anonymous
Context is king. The king? Maybe not.
Anonymous
Of course, I have no problem discussing examples out of context.
Anonymous
10:28
The trouble is, when there is none, we tend to supply our own assumed context.
In a practical situation
Anonymous
(The other trouble is, sometimes there are too many possibilities and we need context to narrow them down.)
How could we think of examples without context? That sounds almost impossible.
They say the proof of the pudding is in the eating.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. You can think of it as a set of potential contexts. Supplying one just narrows the set, eliminating possibilities.
Anonymous
10:31
"I do." ← This could mean a lot of things because do can stand in for a million million different predicates
Anonymous
But! That doesn't mean we can't say anything useful about it.
Anonymous
Is it grammatical? Yes! :-)
Eating is the practical application of providing context
Anonymous
Is it natural English? Yes, it has the potential to be in certain contexts.
@skullpatrol Never thought that way :-)
Anonymous
10:33
"I walkn't." ← Here we can tell it's ungrammatical and never natural English without any context.
Anonymous
We don't need to narrow the set of potential contexts down by supplying context to answer questions about grammaticality or naturalness in that example.
I wonder how to type that arrow?
Anonymous
I use Japanese input to type it. I type yajirusi
Something I don't have. :)
Anonymous
Actually, I added a couple custom conversions to my input method dictionary, so I can type <- and -> to get ← and → :-)
Anonymous
10:34
But yajirusi lets me select from the full set of Unicode arrows.
Anonymous
(From ya "arrow" + sirusi "sign, symbol")
The shortest sentence in English is "Go." Look at that out of context :/
Oh, Go reminds me of Japanese's Fighting!
Does Fighting! make sense in English?
(as a way to cheer up)
Anonymous
Hmm? As a sentence?
Anonymous
No.
10:36
Yes, when they want to cheer someone up, they just yell out Fighting! Fighting!
Anonymous
Again, I can tell useful things about "go". I can tell what it most likely means (it probably has directive force), that it's grammatical, that it's an imperative, that it's natural English
I've seen it first from Japanese.
Then, Korean. Then everywhere now.
Anonymous
I can't tell you everything about that utterance without further context, of course.
Anonymous
But it's certainly possible to answer certain questions about language without context.
Anonymous
Context is sometimes irrelevant.
Anonymous
10:38
Sorry, Kingy.
I am referring to "meaning"
Anonymous
You can still tell something useful about it.
Anonymous
The set of probable meanings is small, with one being most likely.
I just search YouTube, and found this clip talking about Korean Fighting!
Anonymous
10:39
You can't assign a single meaning to it without context, of course.
Anonymous
But it's not like it's likely to mean "Luke, I am your father!"
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. I'm unfamiliar with fighting in Japanese
That is why we have dictionaries with numbered meanings.
I thought Japanese was the first to use it that way!
(Fighting! ~ Do your best!)
Anonymous
10:42
Maybe so! But I don't recognize the term
Anonymous
I hear Fight, Oh! fairly often
Ah, yes. Fai-to!
Then Korean says Fighting!
My battery is running too low ... I will talk to you guys latter :-)
And it spreads throughout this region, because K-POP is so popular!
Anonymous
Yeah, or just fight /faito/
10:44
@skullpatrol See you!
I think I got to go too. Talk to you guys again. BBL.
Thanks @snailplane for the grammatical point of view :-)
Anonymous
Talk to you later!
11:48
@MaulikV: continuing the conversation from ell.stackexchange.com/a/15500/120 : you said "We shall have to recheck. When you listen to an artist, you may directly say, "I'm listening MJ." Native speaker's comment would be useful. Listening to music is fine but Listening to Michael Jackson is doubtful."
Firstly, I am a native speaker (I'm from London). I wonder if this is a regional issue? In British English, the "to" is compulsory; saying "I'm listening MJ" is simply wrong.
Hello Steve
mea culpa! It does require 'to'. I admitted this in comment there.
Thanks for saving me!

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