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4:32 AM
@JohanLiebert wow!
Fishing near the pond is always amazing.
 
5:06 AM
@SirCumference I don't play piano, but I can pick out melody lines & simple chords on a keyboard. I can play guitar, and diatonic harmonica (aka the blues harp), but sadly my joints are getting too arthritic for guitar playing. But yes, I know what you mean. It takes time for the practice to "solidify" in your brain. The process is partly conscious, but partly unconscious.
@SirCumference It's also very helpful to play with other people, or even to play along with recordings. Playing with others gives you a fresh perspective, and it's a nice experience to communicate musically.
 
5:34 AM
@YuvrajSingh... Great :-) Are you using Ubuntu for college stuff?
 
I am relatively new to SE chats. Can someone tell me what is chat session (the one that's gonna happen after 4 days)?
 
@AumkaarPranav hi :-)
Some years ago not many people used the chat so we organised a session every two weeks for people to join the room and talk about current issues in physics.
That's what the "chat session" is.
 
Oh! Thank you
 
The room is busy now so we no longer bother with the chat session, but we have never got around to cancelling it.
 
 
2 hours later…
7:45 AM
@JohnRennie yes.
 
I think India could be really important for the future development of Linux because so many Indian students use it at college.
In ten years those students are going to be running companies and they'll know and like Linux rather than Windows.
 
Yes. Sir!
 
8:18 AM
Real life has a unique signature in terms of events, that no constructed realities can copy
Other things about constructed realities is that they often obey supervenience, meaning they have a dependency on whatever thing they are situated on. This is why social constructs can easily fall apart if their foundations are challenged, as well you can in theory shut down the VR world if there is no electricity
So in a way, hinduist might be correct to say that Brahman has no attributes. It could be possible that other than things that stand alone, Brahman literally has no other attributes, because to have such attributes will means there is a dependency, and this dependency can introduce instability because if things are contingent, then a slight misalignment will make the collective outcome ceased to be, and hence destablishing it
If Brahman is unchanging as it is often claimed, then it has to be the most stable layer of reality, which means, anything in it cannot supervene on top of other things that is not in the same layer
If the simulation hypothesis is false, then real life at least behave like Brahman (there is no way to show from the inside on whether it is indeed Brahman, it is perfectly possible that things just interlock in just the right and robust way so that locally it is isolated so that you cannot glitch it)
But if the simulation hypothesis is true, it will mean real life is definitely not Brahman and moreover, real life itself can display weird behaviour that is not traceable to anything within real life itself
Now the problem is...
Human technology and reach of the cosmos is not enough to sample our entire universe for things unexplainable from the inside
so the simulation hypothesis technically speaking, is still untestable unless we are lucky that those glitches are closer to home
Thus, regarding the previous claim that regularity and other patterns may be signs of simulation, it is not sufficient. I can always imagine that the creator aliens are so intelligent they don't use patterns, then that will rule it out
But what cannot be ruled out is supervenience. That is the thing that all simulations depends on
@vzn
 
This could get exciting. Rob J is challenging the new guy physics.stackexchange.com/a/538717/123208
 
8:44 AM
hmm...
can a quantum state measure itself?
That is, can a quantum state self interacts in a way that the measurement device and the state are one and the same?
 
8:59 AM
No.
 
9:16 AM
I do that all the time
I just look at myself
Also if a quantum state measures itself, how would we know
It would still be superposed from the perspective of another system
 
I look at myself all the time. It stops me from decaying.
 
The Dorian Gray measurement
Is there an entangled version of @JohnRennie that you keep in the basement
that keeps getting older
 
Sadly it also causes me to be incoherent.
@Slereah damn, you have unmasked my secret identity as Super(position)man.
 
 
1 hour later…
10:40 AM
lol I see
hmm...
 
11:08 AM
The asymptotic expansion of the confluent hypergeometric function is in L&L starting from the integral representation, I'm sure setting this up is as easy as solving the quadratic equation for every student of QM who can all easily derive the non-relativistic coulomb scattering amplitude!
 
I have literally never used the hypergeometric function for anything
Sounds unpleasant!
 
This is a good overview of these beasts
Instead of the geometric progression $1 + x + x^2 + ....$ lets do the (hyper) progression $1 + x + x(x + a) + x(x+a)(x+2a) + ..$
 
I am aware of the use of the hypergeometric function
Just haven't been in a situation that warranted it!
My worst encounters with special functions has unfortunately be with 1) elliptic Jacobi functions 2) spheroidal wavefunctions
Elliptic Jacobi functions are specific solutions of quartic theory, while spheroidal wavefunctions are solutions of the wave equation in an Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole, alas
although if you bump it down to $2+1$ dimensions, it is just the Matthieu function
Still bad, tho
 
11:25 AM
I still have no real idea about those goddamn elliptic functions
 
they are fancy sines and cosines
the horror
More importantly though, they solve $$y'' + (1 + k^2) y = 2k^2 y^3$$
if you want a dynamic solution of $\phi^4$ they're pretty cool
 
11:51 AM
Hm
Maybe I should try to prove this
for fun
 
Yeah it's time to try to get these things down like they were trig (which was no fun)
 
12:14 PM
One side effect of the corona virus is that I only have one good pen and I keep losing it
and I can't get a new one
 
12:32 PM
gotta make your own charcoal crayons
 
Let's go back to cavepaintings
 
what some of my profs produced at the blackboard wasn't far from that anyway :P
 
12:48 PM
Tom Lehrer had that joke
Where he wrote "mimimum" on the board
and it looked like mmmmm
And said "Find the Fourier series"
I played the Nerevarine in Morrowind, but I am actually Yagrum Bagarn youtube.com/watch?v=RTWvloK-Jhk
 
 
1 hour later…
2:08 PM
Is there a convention on denoting norms in linear algebra? I see $||v||$ sometimes, $|v|$ other times.
 
no convention, it's anarchy :P
 
No strong conventions, but usually $\| \cdot \|$ is a norm and $|\cdot|$ is absolute value
 
Alright then, ty
 
Is it here where I can ask Homework questions? :D
 
I think there is actually a specific other chat for that but i might be wrong
That being said it appears to be empty right now
 
2:33 PM
Does a linear operator actually change a vector into another or does it just change the basis vectors which changes the components?
 
A linear operator is by definition a map that turns vectors into other vectors.
 
Can it act on the basis vectors and change the components of all vectors in the space?
I have really confused myself here, I might just keep reading and see if it makes more sense
 
Yeah, I'm afraid I'm again not quite sure what the question is
 
I'm doing a postgrad course to convert from chemistry into physics so I am missing entire years of linear algebra while trying to sit 3rd year undergrad modules, having to frequently revisit really basic stuff
will get it eventually though
 
I have rarely seen $|\mathbf{v}|$, mostly see $||\mathbf{v}||$ (or maybe I just reinterpret it that way :\ )
 
2:46 PM
The notes I'm using certainly denote the norm that wa
y
 
A linear operator is linear
Therefore $$Av = A(v^i e_i) = v^i A(e_i)$$
that's why you can define linear operators as matrices on the basis
 
I think I understand where I was confused, the operator acts on the entire vector space but if you know how it changes a particular basis set you know how it changes the components of all vectors in that basis
 
Also remember that some vector spaces don't have a basis
yet you can still define linear operators on them
 
Oh
is there a simple example of a vector space that can't have a basis defined?
 
Simple I don't think so
They're the infinite-dimensional ones
 
2:59 PM
how can you define the dimension of a v.s if you can't define a basis?
ahhh
 
@Slereah what do you mean by "don't have a basis", exactly? :P
and are we working with or without AC?
 
@ACuriousMind It's early spring, no need for air conditioning
 
The notes I'm reading are building to $\infty$-dim hilbert spaces so I guess i'll see eventually
 
Well in QM the Hilbert space has a basis, fortunately
 
because with AC, certainly every vector space has a basis
 
3:01 PM
@ACuriousMind Are they constructible, though
 
No, they result from - what else - an application of Zorn
 
Oh sure
I swear my vector space has a basis
I can't show it to you
but I swear it's true!!!
14
Q: Vector spaces without natural bases

SergeibDoes anyone know any nice examples of vector spaces without a basis that is in some sense "natural". To clarify what I mean, suppose we look at $\mathbb{R}^2$. We define $\mathbb{R}^2$ as pairs of real numbers. In some sense, what we are doing is expressing vectors in terms of a natural basis : ...

 
@Slereah well, mathematics with infinities is very often a trust-based process :P
 
If physics theories worked like that
The Sun's rgb is 0, 255, 0. Trust me.
 
3:25 PM
-2
Q: Has anyone tried to find the wavelength to the Corona virus cell?

Mr GI have seen websites and videos that show how cancer cells can be destroyed using sound resonance oscillation. So has anyone heard of anyone who is in the field of sound resonance trying to capture the wavelength of the Corona virus so we can create a Sonogram machine to use against this virus pa...

Another one. Although not as good as the quantum tunneling virus
 
 
1 hour later…
4:30 PM
but still better than the hundred hand sanitizer questions we get on Chemistry
 
I believe that in the absence of the Axiom of Choice, it's impossible to prove that ${\mathbb R}$ has a basis as a vector space over ${\mathbb Q}$.
 
-1
A: Has anyone tried to find the wavelength to the Corona virus cell?

John RennieIt's a nice idea. Sadly it won't work but there is still some interesting physics involved. As a general rule resonance is only an efficient way to transfer energy to an object if that object has a high Q factor. A high Q factor means the energy supplied builds up and increases the amplitude of ...

 
5:00 PM
@FELINTONETO yes you can ask your questions here. But there is a separate room for answering homework questions, problem solving strategies.
 
Is proper time "invariant"? I want to say yes but I don't want to misuse the definition, is proper time a frame invariant quantity?
Or does it only make sense to define proper time in the rest frame
 
Yes, the proper time is a scalar invariant.
 
ty
 
@Charlie In what rest frame? "Proper time" is something you can compute for a (piece of a ) world line, not a property of frames or objects.
 
hmm
 
5:14 PM
The line element $ds^2$ is invariant, in the rest frame of a particle it becomes the proper time, $ds^2 = d \tau^2$, in another frame it appears as $ds^2 = dt^2 - dx^2 - dy^2 - dz^2$, but since it's invariant we always must have $ds^2 = d \tau^2 = dt^2 - dx^2 - dy^2 - dz^2$
 
You can compute the proper time between two events along a trajectory in whatever frame you want or find most convenient, confident in the knowledge that you would get the same result in every other coordinate system, accelerated or not. This applies to general relativity as well as special relativity.
 
ahh
 
Ignore quantum field theorists telling you that $ds^2 = d\tau^2$. In God's own signature $ds^2 = -d\tau^2$.
 
So in my rest frame I measure the spacetime interval between any two "stationary" events as $d\tau^2$.
 
You can't "measure the spacetime interval"
 
5:18 PM
@JohnRennie lmao
wait can i not?
 
What device would you propose to do so "in my rest frame"?
 
@Charlie I guess it depends what you mean by measure. You can certainly calculate the proper time.
 
The only real measurement device for it is to send a clock along the worldline, which then decidedly does not remain "in my rest frame"
 
ah wait, if I measure the length of the worldline of a particle stationary relative to me I will get $d\tau^2$?
actually i shouldn't use infinitesimals there i don't think
 
How are you measuring the length of the world line?
you can't just claim to measure stuff, you have to have a device for it
 
5:21 PM
$\int_{a}^{b}\sqrt{g_{\mu\nu}x^{\mu}x^{\nu}}ds$, like this?
ah when i say measure I mean calculate, I don't necessarily mean pysically measure
"A curve M in [spacetime] is called a worldline of a particle if its tangent is future timelike at each point. The arclength parameter is called proper time and usually denoted Ï„. The length of M is called the proper time of the worldline or particle. If the worldline M is a line segment, then the particle is said to be in free fall."
actually those $x^{\mu}$ should be $dx^{\mu}$
 
5:44 PM
Ok I thought about this for a bit, if I take two timelike separated events a and b and connect them with two timelike worldlines, the proper time between those two events for each worldline is the integral $$\int_{a}^{b}d\tau$$. Where each worldline is parameterized by $\tau$.
Which is effectively the length of each worldline
 
Yes.
 
nice, thanks
 
The paths don't have to be timelike, though obviously a spacelike path cannot be a world line.
 
is there a special name for spacelike trajectories?
 
No, other than spacelike.
 
5:49 PM
Ah ok
 
In God's own signature we write $ds^2 = -c^2d\tau^2 = -c^2dt^2 + dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2$
So we tend to use proper time $d\tau$ for timelike paths and proper distance $ds$ for spacelike paths, just to avoid square rooting a negative number.
 
@JohnRennie Unless you're a tachyon, or an anti-tachyon :)
 
sir, does that imply we can only "imagine" what happens to God when we take the square-root of a negative number?
 
Groan! :-)
 
I just invited this guy to chat, in case he has more questions about continuing Schwarzschild coords into the interior of a BH. It gets difficult discussing coords in a thread where safesphere's active...
 
6:04 PM
I only ever see him disagreeing in threads, is that just his thing?
 
@Charlie what branch of chemistry did you study, sir?
 
I just have an undergrad in chemistry
I did do a final year project on the ion content of milk though so if you're ever having ion content of milk related problems I guess that's my branch
 
@Charlie He has written some great answers. But he does put a lot of "borderline" stuff in comments, where it can't be downvoted.
 
Fair enough
 
He doesn't exactly promote non-mainstream stuff, but he has some not quite right ideas about coords in GR: he seems to think that Schwarzschild coords have some kind of special importance, as if they're God's chosen coordinates. And it's pointless trying to have a rational discussion with him about it.
He's also a Hawking radiation sceptic. That's not exactly non-mainstream, per se, but my impression is that his Hawking radiation scepticism is intimately connected with his funny Schwarzschild coords beliefs.
 
6:21 PM
String theory uses the $(-,+,+,..,+)$ metric sadly
 
Well, it keeps the spatial part consistent with standard Euclidean Pythagorean theorem. And minimizes the number of minus signs, which have a nasty tendency to disappear when you're doing algebra with pen & paper. :)
 
And minimizes how much analytic continuation you have to do
 
and who uses a pen to do algebra? :P
 
Someone who's too lazy to sharpen pencils?
 
6:37 PM
If we have two irreducible tensors $U$ and $T$, we can construct a reducible tensor $P$ by multiplying the two initial tensors. However, we can form another irreducible tensor $S$ by this linear decomposition

$S_{\kappa}^{(k)}=\sum_{\kappa_1, \kappa_{2}} a_{\kappa_{1}, \kappa_{2}}^{k\kappa } P_{\kappa_{1}, \kappa_{2}}^{\left(k_1, k_{2}\right)}=\sum_{t} a_{\kappa_{1}, \kappa_{2}}^{k\kappa } T_{\kappa_{1}}^{\left(k_{1}\right)} U_{\kappa_{2}}^{\left(k_{1}\right)}$

My question is why $S$ is irreducible since it is a sum of reducible tensors up to multiple scalar coefficients?
 
Need to start using feathered ink quills during this whole plague lockdown thing as I work out asymptotic approximations to confluent hypergeometric functions (very close) :'(
 
Mechanical pencils get around that.
 
Quills are annoying. But I do have a dip pen & a couple of bottles of ink. Somewhere...
 
No mechanical pencils?
 
One, but it's almost out of leads.
 
6:46 PM
There's two clever ways to beat $F(a,c,z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_n}{(c)_n} \frac{z^n}{n!}$ into submission, one is a beta function expansion for $\frac{(a)_n}{(c)_n}$ but incredibly from Cauchy's theorem you have $1 = f^{(n)}(z)|_{z=0} = \frac{d^n}{dz^n} e^z|_{z=0} = \frac{n!}{2 \pi i} \oint \frac{f(t)}{(t-0)^{n+1}}dt$ giving an expression for $\frac{1}{n!}$ as an integral but since $(1-z)^{-a} = 1 + az + a(a+1)z^2/2! + ...$ (for $|z|<1$)
we apply this idea to $(c)_n = (c+n-1)!/(c-1)!$ which can be written in terms of factorials so that overall we get $F(a,c,z) = \frac{(c-1)!}{2 \pi i} \oint e^t (t - z)^{-a} t^{a-c} dt$
You just have to be able to look at something nuts like that series and just be so confident you can re-write inverse factorials as integrals
 
$S$ is the reduction of the tensor $P$. We did that since each irreducible tensor in there transforms under Wigner's rotation matrix $D$, consequently, $S$ transforms under Wigner's matrix.
 
7:39 PM
Any discord for physics?
 
@ACuriousMind I need your help
@PM2Ring suspiscious question from someone with that name
Hopefully we're not helping him murder tachyons
 
0
Q: Density operator in canonical quantization

RicardoPI often see that the density operator in $1^{st}$ quantization is defined to be: $$ \hat n(\vec r)=\sum_{i=1}^N \delta(r-\hat r_i)$$ In canonical quantization it is given by $$ \hat n(\vec r)=\hat \psi^\dagger(\vec r)\hat\psi(\vec r)$$ but shouldn't there be a factor of $N$ multiplying since in ...

@RicardoP Does this [url]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_matrix#Definition help?
 
8:37 PM
@Slereah How may I aid you?
 
1
Q: Should we cancel the fortnightly chat session in the Physics chat room?

John RennieIn the early days of the Physics SE we struggled to get people interested in using our chat room The h Bar. One of the tactics we used was to schedule a one hour chat session once every two weeks, and this worked pretty well. However the chat room has become a lot more lively over the years since...

 
@ACuriousMind I have made a neural network to generate german names
Can you please evaluate its germanness
 
> Hewlett-Packard
Ah, the famous German printer maker
I rate it 9 Jawohls out of ten, a few of the names are Dutch or Scandinavian rather than German and it doesn't seem to have understood that 'von' is not a name on its own, but most of these would pass as German
Also, Cute de Cuypere is clearly a French spy :P
Also, for the longer ones it would need to learn that people usually don't have the same name twice :P
> Paul Friedrich Wilhelm Wilhelm von Kühne
perfect, except for the doubled Wilhelm
 
Note how "German" is missing in that list ;)
 
Indeed.
 
Although there are some German names that could be conceivably be used both as first names and surnames
 
I've never met someone with an exactly reduplicated name, but I once worked with a woman who is married to a man named Peter Peters.
 
9:12 PM
@ACuriousMind Karl Heinrich Heinrich Heinz Heinz is the most German name of all
The man so nice they named him twice
Oh bother
Now I overtrained it and it keeps using the same names
Let's restart it
 
Careful, I might steal this thing to generate NPC names for my RPG campaigns ;)
 
Well you can use any of those names free of right
I recommend Charlemagne Ferdinand
Good character name
or Casus Belli Dernier
 
Hmm...Casus Belli Derriere
 
The network is a tricky thing to do
Gotta avoid making too nonsensical strings
But can't have it too boring either
 
I assume you know aiweirdness.com ?
 
9:25 PM
I do yes
 
9:58 PM
One thing I should maybe do is
Get all the data from my website's articles
and try to generate articles with it
Actually I'm gonna do so right now, but to avoid any issues, I'll just take the LaTeX
I'll see what formulas the network generates
 
0
Q: Can I differentiate a wavefunction with respect to a quantum number?

EzzeSo I was reading some papers, mainly in the Green's functions theory of the time-independent Schroedinger equation, and came across an equation that had a term similar to: $$\frac{\partial \Psi_n^*(x)\Psi_n(x')}{\partial E_n}$$ Basicially asking to evaluate the derivative of an energy eigenstat...

 
If you can turn $1/n!$ into an integral you can do anything
 
Why?
Could an angle be a matrix or higher tensor?
 
@bolbteppa $$\int_0^{\frac{1}{n!}} dx$$
@Student404Mus an angle is a tensor of arbitrary rank in 1 dimension
 
$F(a,b,z) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_n}{(b)_n} \frac{z^n}{n!} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_n}{(b)_n} z^n \int_0^{1/n!} dx$
 
10:10 PM
the rank defines the dimension of the space?!
 
More german names
 
I'm mistaken
 
@Student404Mus The dimension of the tensor space is $n^p$
For $n = 1$...
 
@Slereah what each of n and p denotes for?
 
Dimension of the space and rank of the tensor
ie a matrix is $1 \times 1 = 1$
 
10:21 PM
If we consider a two dimensional space parametrized by one angle
n = 2 ; p= 0
an angle is pseudo-scalar
the tensor space would then be of one dimension
 

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