specifically, what does this really mean? "Equation (9) can be solved explicitly. For this purpose it is convenient
to introduce a one-parameter family of space-like surfaces filling the whole
of space-time, so that one and only one member σ(x) of the family passes
through any given point x. Let σ0, σ1, σ2, . . . be a sequence of surfaces of
the family, starting with σ0 and proceeding in small steps steadily into the
past."