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4:32 AM
I wonder if bubble implosion is related to sonoluminescence
 
rob
5:18 AM
@Secret I thought that sonoluminescence was all about imploding bubbles.
 
 
2 hours later…
7:05 AM
@JohnRennie ... How are the facilities of graduation for overseas students in UK ?
 
@NehalSamee I don't know
@NehalSamee What exactly do you mean by facilities of graduation?
What aspect of the UK universities are you asking about?
 
@JohnRennie I mean ... scholarships
 
@NehalSamee I suspect an overseas student would be very unlikely to get any form of scholarship
I think UK universities tend to charge around £20K a year for overseas students
 
@JohnRennie like ... Cambridge ?
 
@rob it is (for bubbles in solution under exposure to acoustic waves of high intensity), and it's exact mechanism is not determined yet. The bubble implosion they proposed here however is something more general and produce several MeV photon outputs
 
7:25 AM
Morning.
 
That's an insane amount of money.
Dawood hastily cancels his plans to study medicine at Cambridge over the next six years
 
in my country, going to public university is a very cheap expense compared to most countries. So almost everyone in current generation here goes to university.
medicine college is excluded, because I have never been interested in going to medicine college.
 
7:46 AM
@Sid From JR's link did you calculate the total fees for Indian engineering student
 
Sid
@Abcd , 25 lakhs per year.
 
@Sid including personal expenses?
 
Sid
Yeah, if you can live on minimum requirements.
 
@Sid and whats the fees of the top college of India for 1 year?
 
Sid
@Abcd 2 lakhs per year(without personal expenses)
If you add personal expenses, then probably 2.5 lakhs.
 
7:51 AM
@Sid Such a big difference :/
 
Sid
Well, if you live in a developed nation, then obviously the cost of living is high
 
8:21 AM
I think we can estimate when the Stack Exchange chats were implemented
Because one of the error page has this :
 
8:40 AM
@Slereah Or you could just find the first chat room, then find the date of the first message (which was the 20th October 2010), which is left as an exercise for the reader :P
 
2010 is a bit late to still be using lolcats
for shame
 
Hmm... Turns out that the first chatroom didn't have the first message...
 
guys I have aquestion
how fireflies produce photons?
through black body radiation?
 
@Akash.B According to Wiki, some sort of chemical reaction
 
 
1 hour later…
10:33 AM
Who needs gravitinos when you can have violins
 
10:47 AM
The opening introduction is good ...
 
Yeah it's cool
 
11:00 AM
In a similar theme note, I found a brilliant quote that I put on the description of the Classical Channel (QC chat) - “A classical computation is like a solo voice—one line of pure tones succeeding each other. A quantum computation is like a symphony—many lines of tones interfering with one another.” ― Seth Lloyd, Programming the Universe
 
11:18 AM
What happens when the wavefunction collapse
 
You wave smelling salts under its nose?
 
12:12 PM
Looking for metaphores in physics for too long is a bad idea
Modern physics is mostly unlike anything we encounter
It is metaphores-proof
 
12:23 PM
i have some basic qm question
does [p,x] = ihbar always hold?
or does it depend on the wavefunction, i.e. on the system
 
what are interstitial solids?
pls help
lookws up on wikipedia though
want the answer in simple language
@Lozansky
@lobotomized_sheep_99
pls answer
 
1:09 PM
There is no such thing as topological disconstitutionalism
there also does not exists anything call Megan rescronomism
Most importantly:
$$\int^{\int^{\int}}IIT(x)dc =0$$
 
"Famous like Sean Carroll and Lubos Motl" is tantamount to "famous like Led Zeppelin and the rock band I was in when I was fourteen". — AccidentalFourierTransform 19 hours ago
My sides
 
and therefore. If the establisharanism want to put a break on the sconstitutionalisalioation, clearly Led Zeppelin's Zeppelin does not work
This is perfect opportunity because it does not exists
no longer exists
and will not exists
trouble is the stargate will not listen to our commands, thus calling that unsoliciated is extremely approporiatr
but clearly, they do not understand, for they only have the evolutionary stage of bacteria. no.. even calling that bacteria is a massive insult to bacteria as a highly noble species
and therefore, whatever nisha90's advice clearly does nothing to that stubborn stargate in order to force the destination coordinates to stablise
which is an absolute disgrace to that famous franchise
That wormhole is mot terribly stable either
Motl will be very proud when his LQG rivals all drop into the black hole and become one with the singularitu
Anyway...
What is the current status of the penetration...?"
::Still 8 hours to go::
Great, keep that going, and we will take over from that point
It's time to teach that unfairness a lesson...
What's the current status of the retraction
::At 30% progress. Madam::
Good, good. Continue the monitoting
We have been preparing this for almost a decade
Nobody will stop us from changing the rules forever
 
1:34 PM
@Slereah comparing Sean Carroll to Led Zeppelin is weird to me
 
yeah he's not quite that famous, either
 
right
Not sure what band would have the right level of fame for a good comparison tho
there's also the complication of 'internet famous'
Both Carroll and Motl are prominent in the online domain, but offline they're not anywhere near as influential.
 
He is the Jimmy Buffet of physics
 
lol, that'll do
 
Led Zeppelin would be more like
Kaku I guess
 
1:40 PM
eh, I'd put Led Zeppelin at the level of Hawking
 
@Semiclassical Umm, Carroll's published a lot, he's a professor at Caltech, he's written a rather well known textbook on GR. Motl hasn't published anything in over a decade and is known for essentially being forced to leave Harvard. I wouldn't say that Motl is anywhere near as famous as Carroll
 
Hmm, fair enough.
I'd still say that, in both cases, their prominence on the internet isn't proportionate to their influence offline. But the contrast is far sharper for Motl than it is for Carroll.
 
Hawking is the Beatles
Obviously
 
hah
What does that make Penrose?
The Moody Blues?
 
Einstein is Elvis
 
1:48 PM
Makes sense.
 
@Semiclassical Seems very possible - I do neither GR or ST, so the above is the extent of my knowledge :P
 
Me I am the guy putting GUITAR LESSONS fliers at your local bakery
 
I'd say Einstein is the Beatles, and Hawking is Michael Jackson, Zeppelin maybe aren't that well known to non-music fans!
 
1:56 PM
Or Elvis yeah
 
p sure if you know classic rock then you know Led Zeppelin
and while not everyone is a classic rock person, that's a pretty solid segment
 
Maybe Penrose is Zeppelin :p
 
Euler is Mozart
 
If you know enough about music/physics to know the categories and some examples from each, he'd be a name that would come up quick enough
Gauss is Beethoven
 
Oh I guess Euler is Beethoven
 
2:00 PM
Who nearly went blind
 
Euler
If that was a question lol
 
Mozart was born before though :p
 
Does ordering matter? :P
 
@bolbteppa I feel like that's a good comparison
 
There's a lot of (intellectual) inbreeding amongst these guys
The following is an academic genealogy of theoretical physicists and is constructed by following the pedigree of thesis advisors. If an advisor did not exist, or if the field of physics is unrelated, an academic genealogical link can be constructed by using the university from which the theoretical physicist graduated. An academic genealogy tree lists the physicists' PhD (or in some cases BA/MA) date and school, if known. Nobel Prize winners are indicated by †. If physicists are advised by mathematicians, their genealogy can be readily traced using the Mathematics Genealogy Project. For the meaning...
You can build direct chains of advisors between them, I had no idea e.g. Gauss had a phd etc, thought they all were just magician geniuses
 
2:17 PM
What's the physical reasoning behind having a wave function $\neq 0$ in the region of a potential barrier $U>E$ whilst at the same time total reflection occurs?
It's easy to show mathematically
But it still feels a bit unintuitive to me
 
have you seen frustrated total internal reflection?
 
I think so
Some sort of tunneling phenomenon
But I don't remember the details
 
details in the page
 
suppose you've got a wave incident on an interface, e.g. light passing through glass and reaching an edge with air outside
 
With another medium inside the glass?
 
2:22 PM
nah
 
OK
 
just glass-air
 
Sure
 
if you have a steep enough angle of incidence, you'll get total internal reflection and no transmission
 
Yep
 
2:23 PM
however: if you put another piece of glass close enough nearby, then you can recover that transmitted ray
like that
the significance is that, when you write down the appropriate waveforms
you'll find that the waveform is nonzero outside of the glass. it's of the form $e^{-\lambda x}$, i.e. exponentially decaying. (maybe it's really $e^{-\lambda x}\sin kx$, I forget)
 
It's the first
 
ok
main point is that it's not strictly zero outside of the glass. but it's so small once you go any appreciable distance away from the glass that it can usually be ignored.
 
I guess I find it a bit troubling that $\lambda$ is real
 
So it's not really a wave, is it?
 
2:30 PM
@Secret No.
 
isn't that getting dimmer as it go further?
as expected for an evanescent wave?
 
the decay I'm talking about is in the air gap between the two pieces of glass.
 
O, oops
 
what you're seeing there is presumably just the absorption of light by the prism
it's not as visible in the first piece of glass, because the intensity is so large initially
@Lozansky does it satisfy the wave equation?
 
Yes of course
 
2:32 PM
Then it's a wave. It might usually not be the relevant waveform for usual boundary conditions, but it is a wave
 
Yes but it gives an imaginary wave number (and therefore momentum)?
Inside the barrier
Which is expected I guess since the kinetic energy is negative?
 
Right.
So in principle there's a finite probability of finding a quantum particle at a classically forbidden location.
Of course, finite can still be very small
 
Yes but the reflection is identically one?
 
Yes, but: Suppose you had the barrier only extending a finite distance
Then the transmission coefficient would be nonzero.
 
That is true
 
2:36 PM
The point is that, in order for there to be transmission, the particle needs to get all the way through the barrier i.e. to +infty
 
Okay yeah that makes a lot of sense
I feel dumb now lol
 
eh, QM takes getting used to
plus I'm not sure how practical the following thought experiment is:
Suppose you've got a particle in a double-well potential, with total energy below the barrier
in that case, the particle would be classically trapped in one of the two wells. but in QM the particle is able to tunnel between the two wells
you could, in principle, ask for the probability of finding the particle within the barrier. this would be small but finite.
I'm not sure how practical a thought experiment this is, though, since I'm not sure how you'd measure the position of a particle at a given time in this setting
 
Maybe you could measure the flux of escaping particles if the barriers are bombarded at extremely high rates
 
maybe? I'm not going to pretend to have a definite answer
typically one confines the question to the simpler case of: does an incident particle transmit to +infty, or does it get reflected back to -infty?
 
I'm gonna preface every answer on my exam like that:P
 
2:44 PM
lol
 
Especially if there is a question on bonding/antibonding states
 
That is just.. confusing
 
one thing to also note is that the usual potentials in QM are real
which has the implication that they're not acting as absorbers or emitters
i.e. if a particle comes in then it must either reflect or transmit
non-real potentials are used if you want to include the possibility that the particle can be absorbed by the barrier, or if the barrier can spontaneously emit a particle
but that's even more confusing and I don't deal with it
 
Sounds messed up
 
2:47 PM
I think you may need to do it if you want to model inelastic scattering
 
What is the mathematical condition for absorption?
 
reflection + transmission = 1, I'd say
if a particle is incident on a barrier, then eventually the particle will either bounce back out or transmit through
 
Then it isn't absorbed?
 
@EmilioPisanty I'm afraid I can't add the recommendation banner to the post you bountied because the system considers the bounty notice a banner and won't let me add another one. I'm searching for a way to circumvent this, but it doesn't look good.
 
right
 
2:52 PM
You mean $R+T <1$?
 
@Lozansky for absorption, yes
 
Mhm
I'm thinking if this could be modelled in Python
Not that I have the time for it now but
 
though the tricky thing is if you had both emission and absorption
 
Lesson: Next time only bounty after the banner has been added, I guess
 
Could maybe split the cases and then superposition them :P
 
2:53 PM
since if you had emission at the same rate as absorption then you might assume that neither are present
no idea
 
Fair enough
 
@Lozansky I think you could definitely do some calculations in this vein
 
@Semiclassical emission + absorption makes more sense than just absorption - use field theory ideas as per quantum optics where it's represented by creation and annihilation operators might be an idea. An alternative (in context) would be to model the material as a lattice of 2-level systems interacting with the magnetic vector potential, A. It depends on exactly what you want to do... Normally, on a more abstract level, absorption is an exponential thing
 
@Mithrandir24601 nice.
i had in mind something like an alpha particle scattering off of a nucleus
with the possibility of the nucleus absorbing the alpha particle to become a different nucleus
but that seems like it could get confusing fast
 
@Semiclassical Sounds like scattering theory? I think I heard something similar in the context of PT-symmetry, but this would have been a few months ago, so I could very easily be misremembering stuff
 
2:59 PM
sure.
 
(as in, S-matrix stuff)
 
i also have pt-symmetry in the back of my mind
typically that shows up in systems where there's a notion of balanced gain-loss
But open quantum systems are confusing
 
@Semiclassical You can say that again...
 
 
1 hour later…
4:04 PM
Causal boundary theory is so awful
The hell is a future hull lattice
They talk about maximally naked points
Can't get nakeder
 
It will be more interesting if there is future null lattice
There world is terribly lack of null
 
4:20 PM
@ACuriousMind what was the solution?
 
@EmilioPisanty Another mod not being as afraid as I was of accidentally removing the bounty and clicking on "remove post notice" :P
That just didn't do anything except apparently allow to add an actual notice
 
@ACuriousMind well, it removed the bounty =P
 
Wait, I just looked at that question a few minutes ago and saw the bounty and the notice there!
@EmilioPisanty Also, it didn't remove the bounty, just the notice, right? You awarded the bounty.
 
@ACuriousMind =P
Just kidding
 
Oh, you... :D
 
4:33 PM
It worked fine
I awarded the bounty
If I'd gotten your message in time I would've told you to hold on a bit and awarded it directly
 
rob
You guys and your hijinks amuse me.
 
4:51 PM
I hope someone can install something so that next time gateprep ask a question, it get automatically moved into the problem solving room
otherwise, having his questions here is a massive category error
 
@Secret Discussing questions of any kind in here is not forbidden. The problem solving room is the preferred location for lengthy discussions about solutions of exercises, but that doesn't mean we have some sort of blanket ban on such discussion here. If you have a problem with what someone is posting here, please try to take that up with them directly and respectfully.
2
 
@gateprep I will say this one last time: Be patient and if someone want to answer, they will, stop multi pinging people
 
5:08 PM
"Quantum Gauge Theories: A True Ghost Story"
Good title
 
@Slereah "Quantum Hauntology"
 
Apr 30 at 17:40, by ACuriousMind
hauntology is where you chase the ghosts, cohauntology is where the ghosts chase you
 
So for the first homology group, I can see how the group is done
The group product is the composition of curves and such
But how does it work for higher homology groups
How do you do a composition of spheres like that
I assume it involves the boundaries of the simplicial decomposition of it or something
 
5:28 PM
Homotopy groups are composition of curves no?
 
First homotopy group
 
@Slereah Since you're talking about spheres, do you really mean homology or rather homotopy?
 
@ACuriousMind Aren't they related?
 
@Slereah Yes, but they are far from the same.
The precise relation is given by Hurewicz
 
I assume homotopy, then
How do you take the product of two spheres in $\pi_2$?
it's easy enough to see for $\pi_1$ since curves have a beginning and an end
but for spheres it's trickier
Do you just identify some edges of the simplicial decomposition?
 
5:36 PM
@Slereah Well, intuitively, you do the same thing as for the loops in $\pi_1$: Formally, you also do the same thing as for loops, but just in the first component.
 
In the case of first homotopy/homology, it's just abelianization
but all higher homotopy groups are abelian, so that's not enough in the higher cases
 
@ACuriousMind That's not very intuitive!
 
You can define the composition of two loops $f ,g: [0,1] \to X$ by $(f\cdot g)(t) = f(2t)$ if $t < 1/2$ and $g(2t - 1)$ otherwise.
And you define the composition of two maps $[0,1]^n \to X$ by simply doing that in the first component
 
If you have two (pointed) maps $f : S^n \to X$ and $g : S^n \to X$ consider the map $S^n \vee S^b \to X$ given by $f$ on the first component and $g$ on the second component of the wedge. Then precompose with $S^n \to S^n \vee S^n$ given by squashing the equator $S^{n-1} \subset S^n$
That's the product.
 
@ACuriousMind So two spheres composed together are just linked at a single point?
 
5:40 PM
@Slereah Well, the image of the product map is just the union of the images of the individual maps. Whether the spheres that are the images only touch at the base point or intersect depends on the specific spheres
 
@ACuriousMind Sure, but in every case, they touch in at least one point
and in some cases only one
is that correct
 
Correct, that's the basepoint of the homotopy group.
 
alright, thanks
 
Yes - you require them all to have a base point in the definition of the homotopy group, after all
 
And... what's the inverse of a sphere
Just the sphere with the coordinates backward?
 
5:41 PM
Antipodal map composed with it, yes.
Higher homology groups have a similar interpretation, but it's more complicated. If $M$ is a manifold, $H_n(M)$ is the set of all maps $X^n \to M$ from $n$-pseudomanifolds $X$ modded out by $(n+1)$-pseudomanifold cobordism. The group structure comes from just taking two maps $X^n \to M$ and $Y^n \to M$ from two pseudomanifolds and considering the disjoint union $X^n \sqcup Y^n \to M$.
 
@Slereah The elements of the homotopy group are not spheres, they are maps from the n-sphere to the space. You should not think of them merely as their images - the image of any element and its inverse are exactly the same.
 
I am aware, yes
 
So in a sense higher homology groups are like higher homotopy groups, but you probe your space with much more than just spheres.
You probe it with pseudomanifolds.
 
Errr, is pseudomanifolds the ones with degenerate points
 
Manifold away from a codimension > 1 singular locus
 
5:49 PM
ohai
 
6:27 PM
also btw
when people say homology and cohomology wrt manifolds
Do they mean simplicial homology and de rham cohomology
or are there several that apply there as well
 
@Slereah They...mean whatever they mean. All of singular, simplicial, cellular and deRham (co)homology work on smooth manifolds
 
Are they equivalent in some way
 
Yes - all these (co)homologies are isomorphic when they exist.
 
Alright
 
6:49 PM
Hm, i think the common past $\downarrow U$ is just $\cap_{p \in U} I^-(p)$
 
7:02 PM
Just a conceptual question, not a hw problem:
 
Looks like that rectangle moved
and changed color
 
If I pull the greenish blue block towards right, pause and then release, will the light blue block move towards right too?
Its obvious that the greensih blue block will move towards left
PS: Arrow denotes spring.
 
That greenish blue is turquoise, you philistine
Or is it cyan
i'm not sure
 
Depends on whether the force the spring exerts on it is enough to overcome static friction or not.
 
Assume that the surface is smooth (= frictionless) @ACM
 
7:05 PM
If by smooth you mean "assume no friction", then yes, the block will move
 
Why?
 
Because the spring, being extended by you pulling the other block away, will exert a force on it.
 
But that force will be on greenish blue block
and not the light blue one
 
Why would it? The spring will try to shorten, exerting a force on both blocks
 
How would force on light blue block even develop?
 
7:09 PM
As I said, since you're extending the spring, it will exert its spring force on both blocks. Why would the spring only exert a force at one end but not the other?
 
in Problem Solving Strategies, 7 mins ago, by Blue
The left portion is still intact and hasn't elongated yet
in Problem Solving Strategies, 6 mins ago, by Blue
In that situation if you release the right block then the left block should not move
 
What, we're assuming no friction but we are considering the time the extension takes to propagate through the string?
That strikes me as a rather inconsistent way of abstracting the situation
 
But spring force is always opposite to the direction of extension @ACuriousMind
SO spring force is towards left
 
No, that's not how springs work
 
:( :"( :/
 
7:14 PM
When the spring is extended beyond its equilibrium length, it tries to contract, exerting a force on both its ends towards its center
 
I see.
Thanks.
 
Newton III?
 
@ACuriousMind What if I had shifted the cyan block towards left?
Pause. Release.
Will the blue block again move (towards right?)?
 
I don't see why it would matter which block you move, unless there is a difference between them you have not yet mentioned
 
@ACuriousMind In case 1 also we had shifted the cyan block, again we are shifting the cyan block but in the opposite direction i.e. left
 
7:20 PM
Oh, sure, you're compressing the spring, so the spring will again exert a force on both blocks
(I didn't really pay any attention to the colors because the blocks seem to be interchangable :P)
 
So will the light blue block move towards right or not?
 
Why would it move towards the right?
I suggest you get an actual spring and play around with it a bit
 
8:15 PM
Superstring theory is weird and cool
Of course you get two versions, as to whether you want superpartners for the $\sigma^a$ coordinates or for the fields $X^{\mu}$
Even just a few pages of GSW has required a lot of susy and of course not susy in most susy books which is 4-D susy but 2-D susy
 
8:38 PM
The real madness, however, is pdf page 53-54 of this theory.tifr.res.in/~mukhi/Physics/mukhi-stringtheory.pdf which seems to say the bosonic string theory action with general relativity $R$ incorporated is such that because the lowest massless excitations contain a graviton one can expand $g_{\mu} = \eta_{\mu \nu} + h_{\mu \nu}$ and throw away all above-quadratic terms in $h$ and still describe gravity...?
 
down voter please undo!!!! — user192234 1 min ago
UNDOOOO
 
Great question
Who wouldn't want a Zee SUSTRI Nut(?)
sustri is no good as an abbreviation
 
8:55 PM
SUS$\Delta$
 
SuΔ
This is why it's so group-y
 
you may find this interesting @Semiclassical though incredibly long
 
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