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12:02 AM
Lol, "have" to eat dinner. Poor little girl.
 
@DanielSank haha
 
okay, i'm back
@DanielSank, perhaps poor phrasing =)
okay, so you're saying that it's the derivative of f(t), right?
that's what the notation means, i mean?
 
@heather think of it like this
there are certain functions where if you take the derivative of them that function and its derivative have an important relationship
and so on for higher order derivatives
 
@heather Yes.
Your job is to find a function $f$ such that $(df/dt)(t) = t$.
 
a differential equation is that relationship, and it turns out that a certain relationship is true for only a certain family of functions
 
12:11 AM
Yes, yes, but just find a function that satisfies $(df/dt)(t) = t$.
 
the problem is these equations are hard to solve most of the time, so we basically want to use any trick at our disposal to solve an ODE
 
Dude, come on. Just let's solve an easy one first.
 
@DanielSank I have to confess I sometimes get annoyed that I have to eat at all :P Although I of course enjoy delicious food like everyone else.
 
@ACuriousMind One day we'll have to share a meal. Perhaps there will be a quantum computing conference at Google and you'll be giving a talk.
Or maybe I'll come bang on your door. Who knows!
 
@DanielSank yea, just saying that if you can solve $f(t)$ by any means you're done
@heather so take it easy and just approach it like any caclulus problem
 
12:19 AM
@heather, suppose $f(t) = t^3$. Does that satisfy $(df/dt)(t) = t$?
 
@DanielSank Does your mead go well with your chili? ;) If so, it's pretty clear what we have to eat.
 
@ACuriousMind Probably wouldn't be bad...
Last time I had my own mead, it was with chanterelles cooked in butter and onions.
That was amazing.
 
Sadly, I'm not a fan of most mushrooms
 
I hated mushrooms for most of my life.
Then I went to China.
Then I thought I only liked Asian mushrooms.
Then I had chanterelles.
 
Well, I'm not sure I've eaten many Asian mushrooms, but I didn't like the chanterelles I had
 
12:41 AM
To each his own.
 
user228700
1:00 AM
@JohnRennie: Morning :-) I have a very quick follow-up question regarding yesterday's discussion about boiling. We agreed that the external pressure on a sealed steel vessel will be $P_atm - F_{Walls}/A$. For the vessel to not be crushed, we must have $$F_{Steel} /A + P_{Vap} = P_{atm}$$, correct? But $P_{Vap}$ just keeps on increasing. Does this mean that $F_{steel}$ is a self-adjusting force (since $P_{atm}$ is a constant)
 
@DanielSank The blames falls squarely on the white button mushroom that were the only things on supermarket shelves throughout my childhood. Those remain nasty, tasteless, and disgustingly like limply damp sponges in texture.
But I am—slowly—getting over the psychic damage they did me and learning to accept dirtberries in my life.
 
@DanielSank, @Skyler, sorry, had to do some chores =)
 
@heather dont worry about it
 
@dmckee Yup. I thought I hated mushrooms because of button mushrooms and people putting them on pizza.
 
1:29 AM
@DanielSank I don't think so...
@dmckee ick, yes, those are gross
some mushrooms are good, but those aren't
I don't mind the gray ones
I don't know what those are called
 
@heather Correct!
So... what $f$ does solve it?
Can you explain why $f(t) = t^3$ doesn't work?
 
well, the derivative of $t^3$ is $3t^2 \neq t$
f(t) = t....the derivative of t is 1, so that doesn't work
 
@heather Right.
@heather Right, $f(t) = t$ doesn't solve our problem.
 
f(t) = $t^2$...the derivative there is 2t, which doesn't work
 
@heather No but it's sooooooo close....
Can you make the $2$ go away...?
 
1:41 AM
f(t)=$t^2/2$, or like times 1/2, so it's like $1/2t^2$, so 2*1/2t, so 1t, so t
right, does that work?
 
Yes.
You solved a differential equation.
 
yay!
 
Everyone congratulate @heather for solving her first ODE.
 
\o/
=D
 
Oh, by the way, $f(t) = t^2/2 + c$ works for any value of $c$.
Can you see why?
 
1:43 AM
well, with a derivative, the constants just kind've go away, because parallel lines have the same slope.
so it doesn't matter what c is
it'll just go away.
 
right
 
and then because of that with integrals we have to put back in the c
 
@heather You have to put it in because it's a solution!
 
yeah
 
No matter what $c$ you pick, $f(t) = t^2/2 + c$ is a solution.
You don't really have to think about integrals. You can if you want.
 
1:45 AM
@heather Congratulations!
 
@HDE226868, thank you =)
@DanielSank, okay.
Is there a general "rule" to solving ODEs, or no not really?
is it guess and check like that?
 
There is no general rule.
There are rules for certain cases.
There are a lot of differential equations for which you can write the solution as an integral.
...and in those cases, there are simple procedures to get to those integrals.
In many cases, you can actually do the integrals too.
 
i think i'm starting to see why my dad says differential equations are a bit of a pain =) could i try a harder one?
 
@heather Sure, do you know the derivative of sine and cosine?
 
derivative of sine is cosine and derivative of cosine is -sine, then derivative of that is -cosine, and then derivative of that is sine again.
if i remember right, anyway.
 
1:57 AM
Yep.
Ok, so here's a super-duper important differential equation:
$$D^2 f = - C f$$
Here $D$ means "derivative".
IMHO the $(df/dt)$ notation is kind of misleading.
You can use it if you want though!
 
i'm not sure what that equation means.
the derivative squared of f equals -Cf (what's C?)
 
$C$ is a constant.
 
okay.
negative some constant f.
 
yep
 
and derivative squared means the second derivative?
 
2:00 AM
Yes.
If you want, start off with $C=1$.
 
okay. so =-f.
hmm.
 
Yeah, what function, when you take it's derivative twice, gives you the same thing but with a minus sign?
 
okay, let me think about it
 
Is damping force is the only force which is directly proportional to velocity?
 
Well, that's the definition of a damping force. At least, in the most usual case.
 
2:06 AM
Hii @heather
 
So there are some other forces which can be directly proportional to velocity?
 
@Ramanujan If a force is proportional to velocity and with the opposite sign, it is called a "damping force".
 
If a force is proportional to velocity and with the positive sign, it is called a "?? force".
 
@Ramanujan I dunno.
 
@Ramanujan Stokes friction is, for example.
 
2:19 AM
@ACuriousMind hmm
 
@koolman, hi
 
@heather the same problem
 
@koolman ?
 
On that site
 
ah
I'll confer with @Mew.
 
2:27 AM
Please @heather do it as soon as possible
 
@koolman, i will talk to him as soon as I can, but really, it would be much faster if you added as much effort as you could to both your open questions. you still have an open question that you haven't added any effort too.
 
@heather I have shown all my efforts to them . seriously I have no more work to show.
Sorry ,if it feel rude
 
^this one you have not edited since it was reopened
^this one you have not added your thoughts on option C. even if you just add your thoughts that will make it better. I'm sorry, I just don't see what the trouble is here. why are you having trouble with C? just explain that.
 
@heather I have doubt in the first step , then how can I show much work
 
why do you have a doubt?
explain that!
 
2:32 AM
@heather in that I have written the electric field equation which is related to all the options
 
sorry if i'm coming across wrong, but people on this site are volunteering their time for you, the least you can do is put in a little effort.
and i don't think you're doing that.
 
@heather I have already explained that
 
you have not
you aren't even making an attempt at the small things
like putting it in in mathjax not a photo
 
^
2016 December 14: Heather starts to become curmudgeonly.
 
lol
sorry
 
2:34 AM
Don't be.
 
@heather its not small thing . It would be for you not for me . The answer given is also not that what I have asked . You can see
 
"curmudgeonly: crusty, ill-tempered" @DanielSank =P
 
@heather oh, wrong word...
 
@heather Google search! Also archaic
 
2016 December 14: Heather starts to show symptoms of "read-to-many-bad-questions-itis".
4
better?
 
2:36 AM
@koolman how about this. How about I give you a couple of links to format your posts with mathjax. Then I'll come through and try to help you out with the grammar a bit. then we'll see where we stand.
@DanielSank, now that is definitely true =P
@koolman, do you agree that would be an appropriate step, or...?
 
@heather I have asked mew about this , he said its fine to post image of question
@heather but It would take monthsss
 
@koolman, perhaps mew misunderstood the situation. I'll talk to him about it. But especially with your nuclear question, the image is hard to read. Please trust me when I say that everyone would like you more if you used mathjax.
 
I don't have enough time
 
@koolman It would not take months, please don't be ridiculous.
 
@DanielSank Alas, that's something you can never be cured of once you've caught it :P
 
2:39 AM
You can format the posts in mathjax very quickly, trust me. Considering you are a little newer, it'll take maybe an hour for both, and that's a high estimate @koolman
and I'll be doing the grammar.
 
@heather yeah I can understand for nuclear . But not for others , they are clear and easy to read
 
that's not much work at all for you.
@koolman, it shows people you're putting a little effort in. it also standardizes the formatting of math equations so people don't get mixed up on which variable you mean.
 
@koolman If you don't have enough time to type the text in a picture why do you presume people should make time to answer your questions?
6
 
@ACuriousMind, thank you.
 
But I mean whats the problem in it
 
2:41 AM
@heather you are moderator of that site?
 
@Ramanujan, of physics problems q&a, yes.
 
@ACuriousMind I have no problem if they also post picture
 
::bangs head against desk::
@koolman, that's not the point
if you aren't willing to put in a small amount of effort, why should you expect people to even type an answer?
 
I have done all things I can do
 
You have not.
 
2:44 AM
@koolman 1. Pictures are not searchable. This is a big one. One can't find your posts if the relevant keywords are hidden from the search engine in a picture. 2. I have almost never seen a question where there wasn't irrelevant stuff in the picture that could've been trimmed out. Posting a picture means you didn't really try to extract the parts relevant to your question.
4
 
Now what more you want . :(
 
1. Rewriting the pictures as mathjax.
2. Fixing the grammar up a bit for readability (I can do this, I understand English isn't your first language and don't blame you one bit for this).
Then we'll see where we stand.
 
And
Okay we can try them
 
Okay, let me give you the mathjax links.
2 is for finding a specific symbol, 1 is for general environment stuff
and also symbols
1 is for basically everything
Let me know when you are done formatting your mathjax
 
@heather of what
 
2:49 AM
and make sure, as ACM said, that everything you are typing up from the picture is relevant.
@koolman, mathjax of the pictures in the questions you asked
I thought that was what we were talking about...?
 
Yeah :)
 
okay
like I said, let me know when you're done with that
it shouldn't be too hard
then I'll go through and do the grammar
and then we'll see where we're at.
 
@heather once I received wall from someone,iam curious to know what was that,can I know?
 
3:07 AM
@ACuriousMind It's also sort of contagious.
@heather solve that equation?
Hint: I didn't ask you about cosine for nothing...
 
Hi :)
 
 
2 hours later…
5:48 AM
@Kaumudi.H Suppose you hang a weight of a steel spring. The spring stretches, and as it does so the internal strain creates a force. The spring stretches until the internale force matches the weight, at which point it's in equilibrium.
 
user228700
Okay...
 
The same happens with our steel walls. The steel walls are (slightly) elastic and as you pressurise (or depressurise) the interior the walls deform slightly and this creates an internal strain and an internal force.
The walls deform until the internal force matches whatever pressure they have applied to them.
So it is a self adjusting force in that sense, but it's really nothing special. It's no different to an everyday spring.
 
user228700
I see. Okay, thanks :-) I have just one more quick question. Shall I go on..?
 
Yes, of course.
 
user228700
Okay. We discussed the elevation in boiling point and figured out why this happens a few days ago.
 
5:54 AM
OK ...
 
user228700
We jumped right into it, instead of talking about why there is a decrease in vapor pressure of the solution in the first place.
 
user228700
I can guess...sort of. I dunno if I'm correct.
 
Are you going to guess, or shall I say?
 
user228700
My guess...well, I don't even know how to frame it properly, but as you said, the entropy of the liquid increases, causing the free energy of the liquid phase to decrease.
 
Pretty much, yes.
 
user228700
5:58 AM
Due to this, at the same temperature, not as many molecules tend to escape into the gas phase.
 
If I take a concentrated solution of A (whatever A is) and put some of this solution in pure water and wait, then after a bit I have a dilute solution of A.
 
user228700
Is this an OK way to put it?
 
user228700
Right...
 
This means the dilute solution must have a lower free energy than the concentrated solution because otherwise the dilution wouldn't happen spontaneously.
So we know the molar free energy of A decreases with dilution.
 
user228700
Yeah...
 
6:00 AM
So that's our going in point.
We know the dilute solution has a lower free energy, and therefore it will be in equlibrium with a vapour that has a lower free energy.
And that means a vapour with a lower pressure.
This happens even in an ideal solution where $\Delta H = 0$
(because in ideal solutions we have interactions)
So it must be due to an increase in $\Delta S$.
 
user228700
Right...
 
The trouble with talking about entropy is that it's easy to make arm-waving type statements, but it's really, really hard to be mathematically rigorous.
On an arm-waving level, when you dilute something it's entropy increases because there are more ways to arrange all those molecules when they're dilute.
 
user228700
Nah, Idc so much for being mathematical rigorous about entropy now.
 
Ok, as an arm waving rule when you make your solution of A more dilute the molar entropy of A increases.
 
user228700
Okay, I get that.
 
6:05 AM
And as you said that makes the $-TS$ term more negative and the free energy goes down.
 
user228700
Right...
 
user228700
(Of the liquid, right?)
 
I was talking about the liquid, but since the vapour is in equilibrium with the liquid its free energy has to go down too otherwise it would go out of equilibirum.
 
user228700
That...uh, okay.
 
I get the impression that you still feel a bit that this is all just black magic :-)
 
user228700
6:09 AM
:-P A little bit. But OK, the free energy of both decreases, OK...
 
user228700
@JohnRennie And to explain this, we need to use hand-wavy arguments about entropy?
 
user228700
I don't understand this:
 
user228700
> "This happens even in an ideal solution where $\Delta H = 0$"
 
user228700
Huh?
 
@Kaumudi.H suppose we have some ideal or near ideal solution. Pentane dissolved in hexane perhaps.
This is near ideal because the pentane-pentane, hexane-hexane and pentane-hexane interactions are all pretty similar.
 
user228700
6:14 AM
Yeah...
 
So if you dilute a concentrated solution of pentane in hexane with more hexane there are no energetic changes.
i.e. we don't have a heat of dilution.
i.e. $\Delta H_{dilution} = 0$
 
user228700
Oh, right. OK.
 
But of course the dilution still happens so $\Delta G_{dilution} < 0$
And that's down to the entropy change
 
user228700
Right. Okay. Thank you :-)
 
@Kaumudi.H @Doraemonドラえもん was also asking about boiling yesterday as a result of seeing our conversation. Obviously it's a popular subject :-)
 
user228700
6:23 AM
:-) No, Doraemon and I discussed it a bit before talking to u and he wasn't convinced.
 
user228700
Oh, are u kidding me? #boiling is trending now x'D
 
Convincing you lot is a tough proposition :-)
 
user228700
And someone should give u an award for succeeding! :-)
 
6:52 AM
@JohnRennie hii
 
Morning :-)
 
Could you expalin me a maths statement on ellipse
 
I can try
 
The portion of the tangent to an ellipse between the point of contact and the directrix subtends a right angle at corresponding focus
Which portion they are talking about
 
Don't know to be honest because I can't remember what the directrix is.
 
user246160
6:55 AM
@koolman The line segment between POC of tangent and directrix.
 
@JohnRennie no problem
@Doraemonドラえもん POC?
 
user246160
Point of contact of tangent
 
user246160
Suppose you draw a tangent at any point $\theta$ of the ellipse
 
And what is corresponding focus
 
user246160
@koolman The focus closer to the tangent
 
6:59 AM
At (0,b)
???
 
user246160
@koolman At b you can take any focii
 
user246160
at both it will subtend a right angle
 
user246160
draw and check
 
And intersection of which directrix other points
 
user246160
@koolman what ?
 
7:01 AM
Also no intersection at (a,0)
@Doraemonドラえもん which intersection we will consider that tangent make with two directrix
 
user246160
@koolman The tangent will intersect each directrix at only one point
 
Then which portion we will consider
 
user246160
Suppose the tangent at B(0,b) cuts the directrix on the right at point P then the segment BP subtends 90 degrees at the right focus
 
@ACuriousMind But then why should that scaling factor be related to the sum of the signed permutations of the matrix elements? That is the intuitive problem, I think. The real proper understanding comes from speaking of linear transformation acting on differential forms.
 
@Doraemonドラえもん ohk
 
user246160
7:07 AM
Any idea how to calculate work done by the force F while taking the block from A to B ? i.stack.imgur.com/xIwMW.png
 
user246160
 
user246160
AB is a circular arc
 
user246160
Can someone help me with this ^
 
(F$\pi$r)/3
 
user246160
@koolman Why ? How did you arrive at that conclusion ?
 
user246160
7:09 AM
Clearly F is not always tangent to the surface
 
user246160
So I don't think is a valid way to calculate the force
 
(Force) (displacement
@Doraemonドラえもん it is tangent
 
user246160
@koolman Definitely not. Suppose the block is at point A. Then draw the direction of force F.
 
user246160
It will not be tangent
 
I think we can assume that
 
7:13 AM
@Doraemonドラえもん conservation of energy!
 
user246160
we can assume many things to make the problem simple but that is not the point
 
user246160
@JohnRennie how?
 
The work done has to equal the change in PE of the block between A and B
 
user246160
@JohnRennie but a velocity is introduced as a result of that force..so how do we account for the KE ?
 
user246160
wait i am uploading the whole problem
 
user246160
7:16 AM
 
user246160
Yes, this ^ was the whole problem
 
user246160
I could use work energy theorem
 
user246160
But there are two unknowns
 
user246160
I dont know the work done by the force and neither the final velocity
 
user246160
the equation would be something like -mgR(1-cos(60)+Work by F = 1/2 mv^2
 
7:19 AM
@bolbteppa Not quite rigorous... $dE$ is not zero. It is the distribution that is outside of the constant energy shell. The $dE$ is part of the integration machinery and is not concerned by the physics.
 
user246160
@JohnRennie I think we need to calculate the work done by the force F directly somehow..calculus maybe ?
 
Ok doing it rigorously is a bit tedious. I would try calculating the tangential force as a function of the angle from the vertical $\theta$.
 
@bolbteppa In fact I think if you want to understand this point you should forget about the physics and learn about distributions. It is a purely mathematical point involving concentrating a distribution on a set of measure zero.
 
@Doraemonドラえもん Then as you move through a infinitesimal angle $d\theta$ the work is $F(\theta) r d\theta$. Integrate from zero to $\theta = \pi/3$ and you get the total work done.
 
user246160
@JohnRennie Ok. That seems like a good idea. I am trying :)
 
7:26 AM
However it's easy to do a rough estimate, and the rough estimate comes out very close to (B). I can explain how to do that if you want.
 
user246160
@JohnRennie Yeah..please explain!
 
Well the force is close to tangential all the way round the arc. The length of the arc is $\pi r/3$ so if the force is tangential the work is $W = F \pi r/3$.
The change in PE is $mgr/2$ so the change in KE is $F \pi r/3 - mgr/2$.
@Doraemonドラえもん Make sense so far?
 
user246160
yes..i get it
 
user246160
:)
 
user246160
koolman used the same approximation
 
user246160
7:30 AM
and it seems to be close to the correct answer
 
If you plug in the numbers I get $v \approx 17.86$ and option B is $17.32$.
 
user246160
@JohnRennie yes..right :) i am off to do it the calculus way now...thanks a lot JR and @koolman
 
So option B looks the right answer. But they could of course be sneaky and it's actually none of these. You'd have to grind through the calculus to be sure.
 
user246160
yep!
 
user246160
8:13 AM
@JohnRennie Should here we take dot product of $F$ and $rd(\theta)$ ? I got Force at any theta as $F(\cos(\phi) i + \sin(\phi) j )$ where $tan(\phi)$ is $$\frac{\cos(\theta)-\cos(\pi/3)}{\sin(\pi/3)-\sin(\theta)}$$.So I am getting $dW=F ( \cos(\phi) i + \sin(\phi) j) . Rd(\theta ) (\cos(\theta) i + \sin(\theta) j ) $....is it okay upto here ?
 
@Doraemonドラえもん I can't say offhand, I'd have to get a pen and paper and work through the problem.
 
user246160
@JohnRennie Okay...but just one conceptual question. Since the force at any theta is not tangent to the surface we should take its dot product with $rd(\theta)$..right ?
 
user246160
(I found the force as a function of theta)
 
Yes
 
user246160
Okay..thanks a ton..the calculations are too complex !
 
8:29 AM
Here's one fun search: go to vixra.org/quant and ctrl+F for George Rajna.
 
Well, you have to admire his tenacity :-)
 
8:48 AM
@JohnRennie that's an understatement if Britain ever produced one ;-). 180 papers over five months? There's not a lot of scientist that can keep up with that sort of pace.
Ah, there we go: vixra.org/author/george_rajna. I think we caught him on the happy days of his 1000th vixra submission?
all of that over five years
 
Vixra has to exist if only as a salutory reminder of what would happen to the arxiv if standards were dropped.
 

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