He enjoys sports such as competitive running.

We could express the idea with an adverb as well: "openly shaming anyone who speaks out discourages dissent". Notice that we don't say "of anyone" there in that case, as we would with "open shaming of anyone..."

What does the whole sentence mean here? @Tᴚoɯɐuo and why you didn't put of ?

@Tᴚoɯɐuo: Interesting observation. I suppose the implication of that is shaming anyone is a "verby" form, so it can be adverbially modified (but shaming of anyone is a "nouny" usage, so it's adjectivally modifiable). Have I got that right?

So with this change that has been made to the sentence, has the meaning also altered? @FumbleFingers

@FumbleFingers has explained why we use of when treating shaming as a noun, modifying it with an adjective. Painting the building took a long time. The painting of the building took a long time.

A gerundial noun can certainly be modified by an adjective, cf. "I witnessed the appalling killing of the seals". Typically the noun has an of PP complement, but not always, cf. "These wanton killings must stop".

You are receiving interesting answers in commentary, but the question includes no examples at all. After asking 21 questions here, you know how to write a proper one by now! At very least, you should use the edit link to add the example in your first comment to the question itself.

@P.E.Dant why speak out is followed by verb "discouraged" instead of a gerund "discouraging"?

Because speak is in the past tense, the past tense of discourage follows. The gerund-participle makes no sense here. Using it would create a sentence without a verb! The gerund-participle "discouraging" can act as a noun or an adjective, but not as a verb unless a linking verb (as in "was discouraging") is also present.

But as it's known. Gerunds follow the verbs. Such as: i started studying math when i was nine_year_old. @P.E.Dant

Do you understand why "Open shaming of anyone who spoke out discouraging responsible dissent" is not a sentence in English? There is no verb there! We can use the infinitive or gerundive after some verbs like start, continue, prefer, etc. The gerund-participle discouraging can't act as a verb on its own. Go back and read snailplane's answer again.

I think, now, I got it what you are trying to tell me: Open shame of anyone( who spoke out) discouraged responsible dissent. You mean that discouraged is the verb of ( shame on anyone). So spoke out isn't the main verb of the first phrase, is that right? @P.E.Dant and (who spoke out)is just additional information to ensure the reader whom is intended or meant.

Possible duplicate of "Open shaming of anyone..."

Yes, that's correct. But you need to read this answer again and again until you really understand it.