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12:30 AM
@snailboat Is there an "overview of Japanese linguistics" somewhere? As in the different schools and main names associated with the schools.
(Or have you just slowly put the picture together yourself over time?)
 
Anonymous
@DariusJahandarie Yes, that one
 
Anonymous
I mean, yes, I put it together
 
Anonymous
I doubt you could call my mental picture complete
 
I see.
I'd be interesting in hearing what you have to say, if you were interested in writing something short up.
 
Anonymous
But broadly speaking there are the traditional Japanese linguists, and then the western structuralist linguists, and then the modern generative linguists following Chomsky (who took a special interest in Japanese early on)
 
Anonymous
12:33 AM
And of course, there are a lot of smaller schools of grammar that have been applied to Japanese over the years--you can't lump everyone into those categories
 
Anonymous
And even when you say "traditional Japanese linguists", that glosses over the fact that traditional Japanese linguists often disagree(d) with one another
 
Anonymous
I could try to put something together, but I'd have to do more research first
 
Anonymous
Besides the structuralist school, which I've outlined, one of the most influential in Japan begins with Hashimoto's analysis of modern Japanese in the 20s-50s
 
Anonymous
I feel it's important to learn the grammar put together by Hashimoto (and Tokieda, et al) because it's what Japanese dictionaries are largely based on
 
Anonymous
And because it's what Japanese school grammar is based on, so you need it to discuss Japanese with native speakers
 
Anonymous
12:37 AM
You can find a summary of a lot of this in Shibatani's The Languages of Japan (1990)
 
Anonymous
He also covers a lot of places that analyses differ in particulars, for example discussing the unified versus non-unified passive analyses, the two wa versus one wa analyses
 
Anonymous
The Phonology of Japanese (Labrune 2012) is an explicit attempt to bridge the gap between Western generative phonology and Japanese traditional linguistics, which has some interesting consequences, in the process discussing the two largely separate schools of thought
 
Nice! Thanks for the summary and references.
Has anyone told you that you're awesome, btw? :)
 
Anonymous
Haha, thank you :-)
 
Anonymous
As far as generative approaches go, I think McCawley did a lot of fairly prominent work
 
Anonymous
12:52 AM
I haven't read most of it--I have McCawley's The Syntactic Phenomena of English, in which he several times (surprisingly) refers to Japanese grammar, contrasting English and Japanese
 
Anonymous
For example, I remember how he described Japanese coordinators as applying to each coordinate (a と b と c と) and then either optionally deleting the final coordinator (a と b と c) or always deleting the final coordinator (a し b し c), depending on the coordinator in question
 
Anonymous
1:39 AM
By the way, that copy I found of Martin is pristine
 
Anonymous
For $11, I'm pretty happy about that :-)
 
Anonymous
It was an old library book, and I guess it wasn't referred to much during its stay
 
Anonymous
(Probably everyone hates romanization :-)
 
ssb
There is no place for letters in books.
 
Anonymous
As a learner, I've always felt it's better to study with Japanese writing, because you need to get used to the Japanese writing system and use it as much as possible, and you need to see Japanese writing in your mind's eye when you hear a word, not romaji
 
Anonymous
1:52 AM
But I kind of feel like romaji is a useful tool for an advanced student
 
Anonymous
Or for a linguist who wants to discuss morphology or similar matters where dividing below the kana level is helpful
 
Anonymous
There are definite advantages to the romanization in Martin's grammar
 
Anonymous
So I kind of have mixed feelings
 
6:59 AM
I guess my feeling is that since you need to get used to seeing basically every word written in at least 3 different ways anyways, adding more with romaji doesn't really matter much.
 
 
1 hour later…
8:01 AM
I sometimes use romaji when tracking etymological shifts to make things more apparent
Or in establishing patterns (e.g. suwaru vs. suweru for transitive/intransitive pairs, where the base form is in the W column, but the other is rendered as え since ゑ has been deprecated)
That said, I tend to avoid using romaji unless there is a true necessity for it for some reason or another.
 
grumble... whenever you are looking for "a comprehensive list of words fulfilling criteria X", the answer is usually "a dictionary"
 
Anonymous
@Kaji Well, as え since /w/ was lost before /i/ /e/ and /o/, which was eventually reflected in kana reforms centuries later
 
Anonymous
@jkerian Dictionaries are surprisingly bad at fulfilling that requirement.
 
Anonymous
"Hey, what's a list of all words licensing to PP complements? What's a list of all English NPIs?"
 
Yeah, but they can be pretty good at a lot of these questions... particularly if "comprehensive" is actually a requirement
 
Anonymous
8:10 AM
They're pretty helpful sometimes.
 
(occasionally you need to know a bit of coding... but still)
 
Anonymous
Did you know that our chat search is terrible?
 
Anonymous
I just searched for NPI to try to find a list of papers we've discussed in here mentioning NPIs, and I got zero results.
 
I assumed as much
 
@snailboat True, the distinction may have been lost, but etymologically it's still there, which is what I'm trying to reflect when I do that. I've also done similar sometimes for Y column syllables (due to the ゆ verbs in classical Japanese), or situations where a logical /wu/ is rendered as ふ due to the absence of the kana (and its corresponding sound) altogether
 
Anonymous
8:12 AM
@Kaji Sure, sometimes writing w-u makes sense (though probably never /wu/)
 
Anonymous
As in kaw-u (/kau/)
 
Along those lines, yeah
Sometimes I drop the dash if I'm planning to do string analysis on a set of words to identify patterns
But in the end the important point in this case is to preserve the presence of the stem, as you illustrated
 
Anonymous
The dash isn't a requirement, I was just using it to indicate a paradigm
 
Tim
2:52 PM
@snailboat I got access to a copy of Martin's book recently. It is quite dense isn't it? There is a lot in there but it is it easy to use?
 
 
3 hours later…
5:25 PM
Okay... what exactly is the problem being solved here?
 
 
2 hours later…
Anonymous
7:03 PM
@Tim Oh, it is dense! But it has an awful lot of information. If you have the time, I suggest reading through the first few chapters to get an overview of how Martin conceptualizes sentences and what terms he broadly uses
 
Anonymous
That'll make referring to later pages (without reading the whole book) easier
 
Anonymous
@Tim I noticed in your translations on the "page" question, three have "I" as a subject, and the fourth is an imperative. But it looks like all four sentence have the same structure in Japanese--they end with 〜て.
 
Anonymous
So I was thinking it might help if you changed your translations a tiny bit to make them consistent, like maybe make them all imperatives in English.
 
8:26 PM
@jkerian Took a stab at it.
 
Anonymous
@Kaji It's unfortunate that Stack Exchange intentionally doesn't support tables
 
Yeah, it would have been really convenient for doing what he wanted. I wasn't going to bother with preformatted text, though
In the end it worked out fine, though, because as you see towards the end not everything takes the additional particles. So in that regard it allowed me to put the comments inline instead of making him look for them at the end.
 
Anonymous
You might consider adding some more question words
 
I put all of them down that came to mind off the top of my head; feel free to comment with missing ones and I'll add them in, though
I debated touching on こそあど, but decided to stick to ど since he's explicitly asking about interrogatives
 
Anonymous
どなた, どう, いかが, the older いず(いづ) variants of ど including いずこ・いずれ etc. And there are the combinations with やつ such as どやつ (= modern どいつ), the contracted forms like どっち
 
Anonymous
8:37 PM
Those occur to me off the top of my head
 
Good catch
Guess sometimes things don't occur to you often until you need them. hehehe...
 
Anonymous
You can use your own judgment for which things to include, of course :-)
 
Anonymous
I'm just trying to brainstorm
 
Anonymous
@Tim Thanks for updating your answer on the "page" question :-)
 
どなた、どう、and いかが clearly belong on the list, same for どいつ and どっち . The other ones might be a bit too archaic. Hmmm...
Eh, what the heck, it's not properly done until it's overdone.
 
Anonymous
8:40 PM
A lot of older words appear in collocations, like いずれにせよ for example
 
Anonymous
I think I forgot to mention どの
 
Ah! Knew I missed one!
I knew どれ was for 3 or more, but couldn't remember the one for just two choices offhand
Thinking about it, どちら almost deserves its own section
 
Anonymous
Well, most every word in there could have its own usage notes
 
It can be "which one", "which way", polite "where", polite "who"....
True
 
Anonymous
But at that level of detail, they might deserve their own questions and answers
 
8:45 PM
In the end it gets down to how much is appropriate, I guess
 
Anonymous
And also which ones you consider lexical versus productive derivations. Like, is 何者 a synchronic combination of なに+もの? How about 何故(なにゆえ)?
 
Yep
I'm also adding an explanation to the top with the general pattern the words follow before we get into the specific demonstrations; that should free up some more room for adding notes
 
Anonymous
I personally like to consider most of them constructions rather than words
 
Anonymous
That way I can explain alternations between things like なぜだか and なぜか, or new phrases containing wh-words where か and も appear at the periphery
 
9:14 PM
All right, updated and done. Will do minor updates as pointed out, but the list is probably exhaustive enough for their needs.
 
Anonymous
@Kaji I don't see どんな
 
slaps forehead
adds
All right, good to go now.
On an aside, it's amazing how many question words Japanese does have, especially when in English we tend to just think of it as 5W+H to cover all needs.
 
Anonymous
Well, we have lots of less important ones.
 
And a lot of specific types of questions we ask by adding qualifiers (e.g. "How" is a different question from "How many")
 
Anonymous
Hmm . . . Coming up with a list of English wh-words is hard.
 
Anonymous
9:26 PM
> how, what, whatever, whatsoever, when, whenever, whensoever, whence, where, whereabouts, whereat, whereby, wherefore, wherefrom, wherein, whereinto, whereof, whereon, wheresoever, whereto, whereunto, whereupon, wherever, whether, which, whichsoever, whither, who, whoever, whomever, whomsoever, whose, whosoever, why
 
Anonymous
9:38 PM
Oh, the OED has some good ones!
 
Anonymous
Whoself I particularly like :-)
 
ssb
11:31 PM
that's a whale of a wh-list
 
Anonymous
11:46 PM
 
@snailboat Good point on the cross-linguistic tendencies regarding irregular verbs. In the end I imagine it largely has to do with the fact that if the words come up rarely the patterns are less likely to be remembered, no?
 
Anonymous
Sure, that explanation or a variant on it seems likely. Everyone can remember that say is irregular because we say it all the time. But who can remember the past participle of beseech?
 
Anonymous
Lots of people either can't remember or weren't exposed to besought as children, so they use the regular beseeched instead.
 
Anonymous
But native speakers use the irregular form says without giving it a second thought.
 
ssb
how utterly bemusing
 
Anonymous
11:53 PM
(Non-native speakers need to be taught that it's /sez/ and not /seɪz/. It's regular in spelling, but not in pronunciation. Compare pays, which is /peɪz/ and not /pez/)
 
ssb
I'm still not sure if I should correct Japanese speakers when they say "been" as "bean"...
sorry I'm just commenting on random tangents here
 

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