3:11 PM
@Hackworth Each "smart" golem creates a separate triggered ability. Those triggered abilities resolve one at a time, and each one puts a bunch of copies of Rite of Replication on the stack, and then those copies create a bunch of new tokens, some of which trigger and create more tokens
Then the next triggered ability resolves, and this time the copies of Rite of Replication that it creates also target the newly created tokens, so you get several times more copies of Rite of Replication this time
That process is repeated for each "smart" golem that was originally on the battlefield at the time that Rite of Replication was cast
So, after starting with 1 smart golem and 2 dumb golems, the first Rite of Replication creates another 5 smart golems and 10 dumb golems, and then the new smart golems create another 10 dumb golems, for a total 6 smart golems and 22 dumb golems
Then when the second Rite of Replication is cast, the 6 smart golems each trigger, so 6 triggered abiliites go on the stack. When the first ability resolves, it creates Rite of Replication copies targeting all 6 smart golems and 21 dumb golems. These Rites create 30 smart golems and 105 dumb golems, and those smart golems create another 60 dumb golems. Now you have 36 smart golems and 187 dumb golems
Then the second triggered ability resolves, and this is where this process really diverges from the one that you described, and that is described in that answer. The second ability creates copies of Rite of Replication targeting all of the golems currently on the battlefield (other than the original target). That means that they target 36 smart golems and 186 dumb golems.
When these Rites resolve, they create 180 new smart golems and 930 dumb golems, and those smart golems create another 360 dumb golems
And this process continues for each of the remaining 4 triggered abilities that are waiting to copy the spell, with the numbers growing exponentially larger for each one