@josephwright @davidcarlisle I noticed here just now; 65536 registers of e-(u)pTeX are available only when both of two conditions are met: (1) e-TeX extended mode is enabled, and (2) Omega primitives are built-in. The condition (2) excludes pTeX-ng by Clerk Ma (
github.com/clerkma/ptex-ng), which is largely based on upTeX and e-TeX but not on e-pTeX.