\documentclass[12pt,
letterpaper,
]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsopn,amsthm,wasysym}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[
,textwidth=15cm
,centering
,ignoreall
]
{geometry}
\usepackage{multirow,tabularx}
\usepackage{ifthen,calc}
\newcommand\fila[1]{%
\ifthenelse{\isodd{#1}}{%
\rowcolor[gray]{.8} a &b&c&d }{%
a &b&c&d%
}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\fila{1} \\
\fila{2}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}