If $X$ is nice enough (paracompact and locally contractible, perhaps), you can also use the exponential sequence $0\rightarrow\underline{\mathbb{Z}}\rightarrow\underline{\mathbb{C}}\rightarrow\underline{\mathbb{C}^{\ast}}\rightarrow0$ (SES of constant sheaves), which yields a LES in sheaf cohomology $H^1(X,\underline{\mathbb{C}})\rightarrow H^1(X,\underline{\mathbb{C}^{\ast}})\rightarrow H^2(X,\underline{\mathbb{Z}})$. The middle group is identified with isomorphism classes of complex line bundles by Cech theory, the latter group is identified is identified with $H^1(X,\mathbb{Z})$ by gener…