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00:01
Okay, I'm done.
Ignoring students now.
Including the one who emailed me AT 5pm with a document that the could not figure out how to upload to the homework system.
@XanderHenderson Actually, an F, when rotated 90 degrees, sort of looks like a sloppy $\pi$. So all in all, fitting.
Berry pie can be sloppy
Ugh... lots of emails, now that they can't turn in more work.
And a lot of them are having trouble with the "turn in one .pdf file".
(When rotated 90 degrees clockwise.)
How hard is it to combine .pdf files in Windows?
00:06
@XanderHenderson Have they previously used this successfully, in the course?
On a Mac, it is basically trivial...
@amWhy Since August.
My carrier pigeon will be a few hours late with my separate pdf files. Apologies!
@XanderHenderson You need to construct a "form letter-auto reply to all email from any student in your class." "Sorry, Currently en route to the Bahamas. Enjoy your semester break!"
I used up my flock of drones on other assignments due at this time.
hahahahhahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaahah
00:15
@XanderHenderson Now that I no longer own Adobe Acrobat, it’s quite hard.
@TedShifrin Interesting. It has been trivial on a Mac for a very long time (since at least the early 2000s). I wonder why Windows makes it hard?
How do you understand $c=a \otimes bi$ vs. $z=a+bi$?
One has an otimes in it, the other a plus.
I don't know if this is correct but I think the tensor product $\otimes$ is something like addition but maybe different
the thing with an x and a circle
it's a binary operation
I’m on a Mac, @Xander. Preview will do it by dragging, but I used to use Acrobat when I owned it.
00:26
@TedShifrin Yeah, I was thinking of Preview on a Mac.
I use latex to combine pdfs
@yearning4pi If I don't want to go through a GUI, Apple has a "Combine PDFs" python script installed by default. So one can just use the CLI.
And I have ghostscript installed (because I can generally remember the syntax for that).
But for students, Preview works very well.
:)
@geocalc33 What is the context?
To get an idea why context is relevant: If you were tensoring complex numbers over $\mathbb C$, then $a\otimes bi = abi(1\otimes 1)$ (in fact $\mathbb C\otimes_{\mathbb C}\mathbb C\cong \mathbb C$). Over $\mathbb R$, you could do $a\otimes bi = ab(1\otimes i)$ (and $\mathbb C\otimes_{\mathbb R}\mathbb C\cong \mathbb R^4$ as a vector space).
@yearning This has nothing to do with tensor product.
I declare $\otimes$ means one and only one thing.
00:41
there used to be free versions of pdftk you could use in windows. oldversions might still have it
pdf related stuff on pc has generally been fairly tied up in a bunch of bs licensing issues
[[ not legal advice ]]
@leslietownes So tempted to edit this to remove the word "not".
00:53
attorney-client relationship formed
Ethical breach in progress.
there was a really good free command line version of pdftk. i can't find it on their site now, everything refers to some windows installer and a lot of it appears to require money
phbhbhbt
I wonder how easy it is to run windows 10 on a mac
01:06
@yearning4pi context is $a \otimes z \mapsto a \otimes ze^{i\theta}$
for me context is the key - from that comes the understanding of everything
what flavor of commutative algebra is this? :P
what are $a$, $z$, $\theta$?
it's just the easiest way to write down rotation, counter clockwise from the origin in a plane isomorphic to $\Bbb C$
$\theta$ is the angle
analogous to $z \mapsto ze^{i\theta}$
01:25
@yearning4pi i use pdftk to combine pdfs.
on linux. is there another os?
I have used pdfik before on linux, I think.
@copper.hat ikr
copper there was a command line version of pdftk for some versions of windows. they no longer offer it for free but it's out there
windows, windows, i think i have heard of that...
bill gouger, right?
no, wait, gates
to be fair, i am a tentative fan of nadella
love it on toast. wonderful hazelnut flavor
add in a touch of bsod, just parfait
01:30
nutella
what is that?
i'm kidding. i know it is some obnoxious brown stuff of uncertain origin
nearly got bitten by a poodle while mud sliding the tilden trails a while ago
frank exchange of words with presumed owner.
you mountain bike too copper?
well, a shadow of my younger days, but i still love to ride trails.
did the exchange contain F bombs and A bombs
not so much wild single track
no, i was surprisingly restrained.
01:33
Just got a Trek about a month ago (order it 4 months ago)
@leslietownes it's like a law of nature, the most-upvoted answers will be bizarre and nonsubstantive. Yes, just like the most abstract definition will be used by Bourbaki.
@copper.hat getting soft in your old age....that's not a firery irsihaman,,,
wow, nice
i have indeed mellowed with age
think it happens to us all.....
partly because i can no longer back up or enforce my threats :-)
but mostly because i have mellowed and am tired of ranting :-)
01:35
irsihaman sounds middle eastern, @dc3rd ?
except here, of course
@amWhy oh jeez I didn't even see all that butchered spelling
the celts came from that general region, i presume i must have some of that genetic influence
let's say I was speaking in Celtic
@dc3rd That happens to us all! :-)
01:36
irish, welsh, scottish, manx, breton...
@copper.hat You have more aging to go!
i'm working fast on it :-)
@copper.hat polish ends in ish, too. And of course in sh. As does Swedish!
i met a polish lad a few years ago while helping a friend move and he spoke good irish, better than my own
@dc3rd which trek?
@copper.hat I'm a mutt: Irish, Polish, German.
01:39
i suppose we all are at some stage.
@copper.hat Indeed!
@copper.hat .......Marlin 4........I got up sold. They told me the Trek 820 which I originally wanted was back ordered until Winter 2022....So I went up a level....Don't regret it one bit and actually enjoying the disc brakes
As in December 2022
its a nice bike, good compromise
pretty reasonable as things go, i think
@amWhy the ireland i grew up in was very conservative in some ways. after 30 years in the last family house we were still referred to as the new people.
Yea I'm not mad at it. Gradually getting all the other needed amenitities such as patches, pump, etc. Made sure to get my winter gear for riding though.
what region do you live in?
01:42
In Toronto
ahh, it certain chills there, it rarely gets cold here in the bay area.
i have a 1st cousin in Toronto
@copper.hat My Great grandpa and grandma, from Ireland, were O'Neil
he won't do driveways, but he will install a gray water system for you :-)
definitely not Toronto type cold in the bay area.

Nice, I suppose the amount you keep in touch with them is sparse....seems to be what happens when we get older and staying in touch with cousins.
@amWhy the story is that they are descendents of Niall of the Nine Hostages
just discussing that with a niece who is stuck in london due to covid
01:45
@copper.hat Interesting!
@dc3rd we are not the best communicators
@amWhy as you might gather :-), irish people have a lot of stories
as they say, never let the truth interfere with the telling of a good story
that niece was the first of the next gen family to visit me in the usa
she was 2 then :-) i fell in love
@copper.hat Yes, indeed! My great grandpa was a boot-legger during prohibition, here in WI. He died from gangrene after leaping from a third story, to escape a husband who caught him sleeping with the husband's wife!
my cousin in toronto gave me some life advice about 45 years ago: "don't peak too soon". it was in the context of university exams.
@amWhy wow, that's a good story and quite a few stories
@copper.hat probably went to U of T......:p
not qute, UCG (G=galway)
my great grandfather moniveaheritage.com/?page_id=192
he has a wiki page :-) more than i have
my toronto cousin lived near monivea
apparently i have 3 other great grandfathers and 4 great grandmothers but we have found out nothing about any of them.
01:55
Should've rode his coattails towards becoming a famous politician and take advantage of the family name such as the dear leader of my nation
:-) none of us has even the faintest interest in politics
some tried to push me into city/school board positions but then i would probably lose all my friends.
besides, people want to hear a nice narrative, not reality.
a relatable David vs Goliath narrative.
and for all my talk, i have no interest in constant head to heads
i'm ok for the big battle as long as its over by tea time.
i heard copper wants to teach convex analysis to our children
i think it would be great, better than those triangles and ASS stuff
sorry, SAS
not sure what happened there, the geometry gods were not pleased
subgradients are so much easier to understand
02:02
Copper will make convexity the crux of critical race theory
medium alliteration
:-)
i must confess that it was not until i spent some time in south africa that i even started to appreciate race issues.
i would teach them the Radon Nikodym theorem and Lebesgue integration in elementary school.
he keeps preaching the radical agenda that the hypograph shall become the epigraph
copper: so they understand conditional probability, naturally
you are inverting my thesis
ok, i escaped CPS with my own children
when they were 5 i had shapes drawn on graph paper and i used to have them guess the areas.
4-5 problems at dinner time a few days a week
No wonder they hate math!
my daughter plays with something called 'binomial blocks' at her day care.
02:07
my daughter likes it, my son does it think but would not admit it to me.
there's a big square, a small square, and two rectangles. eventually they'll teach (a+b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2 from it
reminds me of the Easter Pascal candle
Is that Cuisinaire rods?
some excellent toys out there
i have a fondness of lego
we used the frequentist interpretation of probability applied to decode a rot13 version of the Declaration of Independence.
They liked that.
My daughter loved Morse code, it was drudgery for my son.
the length of the morse code is, of course, related to the letter frequency
no, they based it off the value of the letters in scrabble
02:12
the point was to show that these things are rooted in some real stuff
:-) my mon & dad were scrabble fans.
my dad, who could not say the word platonic without blushing could come out with some prurient words if it made the triple word score.
i suppose it is no surprise that both did not want to go to a local college. there is a reasonable one nearby, i think.
hah
i heard it's fully accredited, yes
another Ted taught there, I believe
Where?
Berkeley :-), I am jokingly referring to Kaczynski
Oh, before our times!
02:19
when people ask why i went there i do often answer that it was the closest to where i grew up
this is erasure of sonoma state, but it still works as a bit
Ted K. and myself almost had a close encounter.
I realise now that I probably should not have got into the distinctions between inductive and abductive reasoning with my daughter.
Otherwise she might have stayed local...
we live within walking distance of csu long beach. it's fine if my daughter doesn't want to go there
That’s an eternity away!
start thinking about it now.
on another note, i have never got email from doordash, but seconds after a recent convo with a brother in ireland in which i mentioned doordash, i got an email. i guess mark meta is listening to every convo.
stackexchange could make sooo much money...
02:24
i used doordash today. i had a credit from when i ordered something and it didn't arrive
i have yet to use a delivery service. wait, i used one from Ninos Brazilian Pizza in berkeley before i had a car.
@TedShifrin I think the final went better than expected. There were 3 questions that I'm kind of kicking myself for, but out of 12, I think that's pretty good.
Great!
@UnderMathUate when you look back, learn but do not punish yourself. you made the best decision you could have at the time.
@TedShifrin :)
02:26
one ted s. himself got 0/10 on his own question about a subset closed under addition but not multiplication.
@copper.hat Still working on learning to accept this, lol.
Not 10.
Lol, really?
success is the mark on the forehead of the man who aimed too low
god what a depressing line
Referring to despotic dictator presidents again.
02:28
Michelangelo apparently
you mean tripe?
sorry trump
How prescient of Michelangelo! Hitler, stalin, and tromp.
hey france is also getting a new extreme-right president soon
I hope not.
i think it unlikely.
wait a minute, i said that recently
France is my favorite, except for anti-Muslim racism.
02:30
Are Fourier Series really needed to solve Laplace's Equation by separation of variables, as my book always does? In the two-dimensional case, for example, I seem to be able to use the two homogeneous boundary values to solve for $\lambda$ and one arbitrary constant, then lump away another arbitrary constant, then use the remaining two boundary conditions to solve for the remaining two arbitrary constants. I'm not sure if such a solution is correct, but it seems algebraically valid.
My lack of culture is suddenly showing. I know who these people are, but not what they have to do with the conversation. 😅
zemmour has taken the media by storm
well, France has the continental breakfast
@user10478 way too vague.
this guy is worse than trump though. he's openly racist, very openly
and has this whole french intellectual thing going
02:32
For general problems, yes, Fourier series are needed.
At a high level, it seems to me that the reason Fourier Series are needed for the heat or wave equation is because there's one fewer boundary conditions, because time goes on to infinity.
user: how does an entire PDE reduce to determining one or more 'constants'? this is probably the sticking point
@user10478 Fourier series are used to match boundary conditions.
in certain fixed instances i could see a lot of methods working, positing a solution has x form, finding some parameters, and then verifying the form
the fourier thing has generality
@shintuku Zemmour failed to get into ÉNA, he has something to prove
02:34
Another idiotic Boris Johnson? I need to read up on it.
it's a great time in history to be a loud idiot
heh, but this sort of thing is what makes them appealing candidates
Maybe it’s finally my time?
extreme-right candidates are openly flawed and it's part of their appeal to the voters
Boris is an Oxford boy, I like to remind my offspring
02:36
ted: not loud or idiotic enough.
ted: really need to work harder.
extreme-anything falls in that category, but people like simplicity
Can’t blame universities for all their products!
Who was the latest Berkeley idiot?
sounds awful, but democracy must have some normal influence
ted: there was the torture memo guy at the law school. far from the latest one.
every law school has some version of a torture memo guy
why the downstream consequences of that were not blindingly obvious is beyond me
02:39
CSULB had an openly anti semitic psychology professor until 2014
nothing worse than an educated idiot
Plenty of them. Tromp not one,
so many things about him and his entourage i fail to grasp
what surprises me is the number of people whose opinion i generally respect seem to like him.
i suppose less of the 'like him' and more 'liked what he did'
who, boris?
tripe
sorry, trump
02:42
oh
i found boris amusing as mayor, not so much when he was affecting my daughter's life
Okay, so I was solving $u_{xx} + u_{yy} = 0, u(x, 0) = 1, u(x, 1) = 2, u(0, y) = 0, u_x(1, y) = 0$. Via separating variables I got $u = (Ae^{-\sqrt\lambda x} + Be^{\sqrt\lambda x})(Ce^{-\sqrt{-\lambda} y} + De^{\sqrt{-\lambda} y})$. I used the latter two boundary conditions to solve for $A$ and $\lambda$, then I could lump $B$ into $C$ and $D$, then I used the first two boundary conditions to solve for the new $C$ and $D$ to arrive at a solution.
there can't be much need for Fourier there, surely?
No Fourier Series, just algebra.
whoever Shirley is.
02:44
Constants on a square … Not typical boundary conditions .
i hate discontinuous boundary conditions.
But my book always uses Fourier Series to solve Laplace's Equation on a rectangle.
lamb biryani tonight, i think
@user10478 you mean to match boundary conditions?
Who’s cooking, copper?
Yeah, the inhomogeneous ones.
02:46
@TedShifrin house of curries :-)
@user10478 you can use any technique you want, but Fourier series are straighforward.
@TedShifrin cheap, fast, tasty and enormous helpings.
Typical American … wanting yuge amounts of cheap.
that is a close to perfect as it gets for me :-)
Okie, it just seems like algebra is even more straightforward and results in a simpler solution without an infinite summation.
02:48
Try nonconstant boundary values?
@user10478 it depends on your boundary conditions.
my son cooked Philly cheesesteaks for lunch.
Gotcha, makes sense
I have one more question...
sorry, you hit your limit
jk
LUL
:)
Small limit
there is a serious outbreak of TLAs today
02:50
TLA?
left upper lobe
three letter acronym
Who taught your son to cook, copper?
my wife a little bit and, i am afraid to say, youtube
Ahh, LUL is a Twitch emote for laughing. I typed it by mistake because I'm on Twitch too much :P
He could learn a lot from Julia and others
02:52
i never heard of twitch until yesterday and now again today
I’m all a-twitch. Like Samantha.
@TedShifrin he (and my daughter) have many skills i do not possess.
twitch: watch other people have fun
is twitch a video version of discord?
no it is a live streaming platform
a single person streams and people join
02:53
ahh, thanks @shintuku gamer stuff
yeah, but there's cooking live streamers or people doing everyday things
I am 90, even though not chronologically 70 for a while .
:-)
i just discovered mukbang a few weeks ago
this skinny Korean girl (presumably) eating improbable amounts of food on TV
Mukbang is live streaming cooking & eating, it seems.
02:55
Bulimia?
probably
Oh, you changed it.
@TedShifrin I feel lost in the sea of new words, TLAs & icons, but just pretend I know while looking it up in the interweb
the worst is when kids speak English and I barely understand what they are saying.
Say what?
ok boomer, kiki, etc
02:59
LOL … you didn’t understand me, either :D
goes to corner
I don't really understand the point of the weight function/weighted inner product/generalized Fourier Series as they relate to these types of PDEs. The book talks about it for a while, says the weight is $w(x) = 1$ in the first example, and never mentions it again after that. The problems I've worked seem to be solvable via the familiar separation of variables approach I'd been using all along.
Does this theory require modifying one's solution technique for certain types of problems, or is it just a different way to describe the same solution technique?
I would like to visit Bulimia some day.
i can see my getting suspended again shortly
@user10478 It’s relevant when the PDE doesn’t have constant coefficients, I bet.
Ahh okay, they don't get into that, at least yet, I'll have to look it up.
03:14
haha, copper discovering mukbang videos
copper you should start a channel, 'irishman reacts to __' and just go through all of internet culture
could be a new revenue stream
it might help if you played into one or more stereotypes
@leslietownes that's funny :-) my youngest brother wanted me to do a blog...
it would have to be anonymous
Paddy MacPotato
something tasteful
yearning4lulz
Drinky McShamrock
my daughter hid my wallet and it isn't as funny as it sounds
03:33
Bad munchkin!
03:47
Who needs a wallet in the modern age?
i'll try this the next time i get pulled over.
i did like how CA amended the rules about proof of insurance. you can show a PDF for that now, i think. or maybe it was only proposed.
04:04
Hi there,
What is the proof of $Ae^{At} = e^{At}A$ where A is a square matrix.
Write it out.
I have a question please: Let C[0,1] denote the metric space of all real continuous functions on [0,1] under the metric d(f,g)=$\sup \{|f(x)-g(x)|: x\in [0,1]\}$. If $S\subset C[0,1]$ is the set of all polynomials in which coefficient of $x^2$ is zero then S is dense in $C[0,1]$. How do we prove this?
Is the following correct?
S is a real algebra, [0,1] is a compact set. Since S separates points on [0,1] and does not vanish on [0,1], it follows that uniform closure of S is C[0,1].
which in other words means that S is dense in [0,1]. Hence proved.
But this seems so straightforward that I think this is not correct. I really don't understand the role played by coefficient of x^2 being zero.
04:19
Well, how are you going to approximate $x^2$?
The same argument works even if S is an algebra of polynomials with coefficient of x^3 equal to zero. That's why I doubt the correctness of my "alleged" proof.
Ted, can I say that $P_n(x)=x^2+\frac 1n\to x^2$?
No. You can’t use any $x^2$.
$P_n(x)=(x+1/n)^2\to x^2$ is allowed?
Nope.
Look at $S$.
okay
04:33
koro: the same types of argument can work because the result is still true. those generalizations of the stone weierstrass theorem are just that powerful. you could give more constructive proofs than the general theorem in this case but why be bothered.
but, please check the hypotheses of whatever theorem you are using.
you just say S has these properties. does it? does your version of S-W allow you to get there?
it might. there are some very super powered versions of it out there.
the one on wikipedia wouldn't get you there.
I actually don’t know the answer to my question. But we should.
I was hoping you could tell me @Ted
It’s a bit suspicious. Can we delete all even powers? All odd powers? What is going on?
I'm trying to complete what Ted suggested. I thought earlier that: For every f in C[0,1] , there exists sequence of polynomials {P_n(x)} such that $\lim_n P_n(x)= f(x)$ so I was trying to manipulate LHS somehow to get elements of S. I think that's what Ted wants me to do for $f(x)=x^2$.
koro: x is in S, but x*x is not. is S even a subalgebra of C[0,1]? do you have a version of S-W that relaxes the subalgebra hypothesis?
04:38
Hi
I am not saying $x^2$ is in S. But the conjecture is (if I understood Ted's suggestion correctly) that x^2 can be approximated by things in S.
If your proof is valid, koro.
Hi @Alex
Leslie: I'm using the super-powered version of SW as given in Rudin's.
Well, follow his proof with this $f$.
@leslietownes I have only 3 axioms to see if the given structure is an algebra. For any h,g in S: 1) f+g is in S. (true), 2) fg is in S (hmm, needs verification), 3) cf is in S (true)
I'll think on it again. Thanks a lot.
04:44
It’s not a subalgebra.
yes, I realized so $x, x$ are both in S but $x^2$ (product) is not.
Yup
so presumably your claim fails.
If I enumerate the rationals in $[0,1]$, I can construct a polynomial $P_n$ which has roots at the first $n$ rationals and a coefficient $-1$ for $x^2$ by scaling. Could this work?
I'll think more on the question now and get back if I get stuck.
Right professor Ted, I got that. Thank you so much.
@yearning4pi I doubt the sequence will converge.
If it converges uniformly, it converges to the $0$ Function, not $x^2$.
04:49
The desired sequence would be $P_n(x)+x^2$
Yeah. Can you prove uniform convergence?
One has $P_{n+1}(x) = c_{n+1}(x-a_{n+1})P_n(x)$. We have $|x-a|\le 1$ on $[0,1]$. The coefficient of $x^2$ in $(x-a_1)(x-a_2)\cdots(x-a_n)$ only increases, so $|c_{n+1}|<1$ I think.
That’s not clear. Signs change.
Interesting approach!
D'oh. I was thinking about the coefficient for $x^{n-2}$.
I could try $P_{2k}$, but I'm guessing something else will go wrong.
I guess you can try to see uniformly Cauchy. I suspect it’s false.

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