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00:06
Geometry question: How to write this $u+v+b(u^2+v^2)=0$ in the form of standar circumference (x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=c^2?
 
6 hours later…
06:02
0
Q: Algorithmic methods or techniques to find conjunctions in high N Keplerian element ensembles?

uhohSuppose I wanted to answer the question Will Starman/Roadster pass particularly close to any asteroids in the next few years? or try to predict satellite conjunctions around Earth (e.g. Celestrak's SOCRATES), and I had simple Keplerian orbital elements, not necessarily osculating element tables n...

0
Q: Algorithmic methods or techniques to find conjunctions in high N state vector ensembles?

uhohSuppose I wanted to answer the question Will Starman/Roadster pass particularly close to any asteroids in the next few years? or try to predict satellite conjunctions around Earth (e.g. Celestrak's SOCRATES), and I had ephemerides, TLEs, or interpolatable tables of state vectors. I could propaga...

It's possible someone here will know something about an answer to one of these.
06:24
Hello everyone! I am stuck in proving by induction the following formula: $\sin(x)+\sin(x+h) +...+\sin(x+nh)=\frac{\sin(x+(nh)/2)sin((nh+h)/2){\sin(h/2)}$ where n is a natural number and h doesn't equal 2πn. I addition formulas of trig finctions and related but in vain. Any hints?
07:12
(This is not a homework question 🙂)
@rschwieb I think its in human nature that the older generation perceives the younger as "declining in culture", say. If I am not mistaken there is even Babylonian cuneiform tables from like 4000 bc where olders complain about youngers loosing culture.
On the contrary there exists something like a "real cultural decline" as it is observed e.g. in meso- and south-American cultures in the Amazonian rain forest. There are "tribes" who seem to have been completely depleted from their former "civilizational" achievements. And I am talking about pre-Columbian times. When we see decrease in alphabetization, loosing trust in scientific achievements in our societies, I think its real cultural decline.
A question on group theory for a subgroup $H$ of $G$, do we have $\{aHa^{-1}|a\in G\}=\{aH|a\in G\}$?
@Tug'Tegin maybe looking at $e^{ix}+e^{i(x+h)}+...+e^{i(x+nh)}$ would help. Your expression is just the imaginary part of that.
@Tug'Tegin Alternatively you could maybe use induction and the "trigonometric addition" $sin(a+b)=...$?
07:39
@Rudi_Birnbaum Thank you very much! I am going to try it.
@Tug'Tegin for the first you'll need also the geometric summation $1+a+a^2+...a^n=...$
@Rudi_Birnbaum I think the 2nd option is easier for me because I haven't started working with imaginary numbers yet :))
@Tug'Tegin check also your equation, it might be there is some "+" missing on the r.h.s.
@Rudi_Birnbaum that never happens unless $H=G$. Note that $1 \in aHa^{-1}$ for all $a$, but $1 \not \in aH$ if $a \not \in H$
07:52
@MatheinBoulomenos Oh yes! thanks!! So the conjugate subgroups do not partition the group, since they intersect!
@pointguard0 I have linked a paper, was it helpful?
@MatheinBoulomenos: While the cosets are of course no subgroups! I slowly get that all ... ;-)
@MatheinBoulomenos Do the cosets have any other property except being sets with a binary operation?
(I guess they are semigroups, but not sure if they are closed)
a coset doesn't have a binary operation
you mean binary operation implies "closedness"?
yeah
08:08
So multiplication/addition is not necessarily a binary operation?
Since otherwise I see no use of the slogan "a group is closed under multiplication/addition".
well maybe you can say it has a binary operation but then you need to tell into what set
ok. So the cosets in general are just sets (however of a fixed order).
$aH$ is a right $H$-set (so it has a right action from $H$)
other than that, I don't think cosets come naturally equipped with any structure
08:13
"so it has a right action from $H$" what does it mean?
you have multiplication $aH \times H \to aH$ $(ah,h') \mapsto ahh'$ this satisfies the axioms for a [right] group action
But we have also $a\in G$, so it has a left action from $G$ as well?
I don't understand that
$a$ is fixed
do you mean one single coset or the set of all cosets?
there's a left action of $G$ on $G/H=\{aH \mid a \in G\}$
$G\times a H \to G (g,ah)\mapsto gah$.
if it was supposed to be a action on $aH$, then you would need a map $G \times aH \to aH$
08:19
OK, sure!!
Sorry for the stupid/very basic question, but since we're already there: Is it correct that the set of sets $G/H$ has the structure of a group iff $H$ is normal in $G$?
yes pretty much
yes (at least if you want a "canonical" group structure, you can always put an unrelated one on every set)
@Rudi_Birnbaum I've answered your comment!
@MatheinBoulomenos Did you just assume AC?
08:35
:O
08:49
@AlessandroCodenotti I always do
I'm not a logician/constructivist
Fair, the proof that AC is equivalent to "every set admits a group structure" is quite nice in my opinion
09:06
well to choose a group structure is at least as hard as choosing the neutral element, so choosing an element
Sure, but the point of AC is choosing infinitely many elements
hmm oh right i wasn't looking at it right
09:57
@AlessandroCodenotti I'm confused now
What is wrong about the following argument that shows that "every set admits a group structure" is weaker than AC?
- "every set admits a group structure" follows from upward Löwenheim-Skolem
- Löwenheim-Skolem follows from compactness
- compactness is equivalent to the boolean prime ideal theorem which is weaker than full choice
I think we talked about this already once
10:03
ah right
you're right, but I don't see why I'm wrong
we only need upward Löwenheim-Skolem (since there's a group of cardinality $\aleph_0$) not full Löwnheim-Skolem
if we follow the standard proof for Löwenheim-Skolem via compactness, we only need for every infinite cardinal $\kappa$ an injection $\aleph_0 \hookrightarrow \kappa$ and compactness
so we need countable choice and the ultrafilter lemma
is this equivalent to AC?
I know that this isn't right, but I don't understand why
maybe there's something wrong with using Löwenheim-Skolem?
the wikipedia article has a more complicated proof for AC=> group structure
In mathematics a group is a set together with a binary operation on the set called multiplication that obeys the group axioms. The axiom of choice is an axiom of ZFC set theory which in one form states that every set can be wellordered. In ZF set theory, i.e. ZFC without the axiom of choice, the following statements are equivalent: For every nonempty set X there exists a binary operation • such that (X, •) is a group. The axiom of choice is true. == A group structure implies the axiom of choice == In this section it is assumed that every set X can be endowed with a group structure (X, •). Let...
You can just do a direct sum of copies of $\Bbb Z$ for the AC => group structure direction
@MatheinBoulomenos What exactly does "for every cardinal $\kappa$" mean here without AC?
10:20
okay for every infinite set is probably better
oh wait
I didn't look closely enough at the proof for upward Löwenheim-Skolem
you actually use the downward part
nevermind then
just using the compactness theorem, you can't guarantee that your theory won't be too large
Oh, of course, compactness gives you a model of cardinality at least $\kappa$
But then you need the downward LS to get a model of cardinality exactly $\kappa$
11:07
@MatheinBoulomenos I can't believe I haven't seen this before now, but normal domains are obviously N-1 rings (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagata_ring), right? I can't help but be paranoid when something that obvious isn't mentioned in wikipedia... There could, of course, have been a forgotten hypothesis or something.
@rschwieb yes I agree. Perhaps it's not mentioned because it is too obvious
@MatheinBoulomenos Thanks for getting back to me on it...
11:22
@rschwieb one thing I find really confusing with commutative algebra (and also algebraic geometry) conventions is when some authors only define things for Noetherian rings and others do it in general
11:41
Hi chat!!
How should I compute $\frac{\partial{x_{0},y_{0}}}{ \partial{x_{1},y_{1}}}$? like how is this related to Jacobian determinant?
@BAYMAX Hi
Yup
was just confused about the notation!, thanks@Rudi_Birnbaum
12:02
I don't think I have seen that notation before
but I like it
12:48
Hello
Is the tex code above supposed to look like tex code or is there something wrong with my browser?
13:12
@MatheinBoulomenos Yes, that certainly makes my job harder, too.
 
1 hour later…
Replacement fields medal stolen seconds after being received
1
1
Q: Are the elements in the n-th row of the first matrix a permutation of the elements in the n-th row of the second matrix?

Mats GranvikFrom my previous questions here and here the following two matrices arise for twin primes and cousin primes from Dirichlet convolution: For $h=2$ twin primes: $$T_2(n,m)=\sum\limits_{\substack{k=1 \\ k|n}}^n a(\gcd (k,m+2)) a\left(\gcd \left(\frac{n}{k},m\right)\right)\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (1)$$ ...

The only way it could be better if it was stolen in the video at the end.
he comes from such a humble beginning
14:44
@mercio did you hear rock'n roll before?
@BAYMAX welcome, was my first thought, but then in your particular form it didn't appear on the wiki, so I thought I'd better remove it before I have to explain a lot ..
@JoelSjögren you know about the mathjax parser (to be linked to browser)?
user131753
@MikeMiller: Did you get my invite?
15:05
@Rudi_Birnbaum I use mathjax in my blog.
@JoelSjögren there is a parser which works from some browsers by clicking it. You need the link and a good browser (firefox e.g.) then it should work. I forgot all other details.
Finally finishes reviewing these two papers. Now to type up the reviews.
And I need to be really careful not to mix them up, and the author of one is the editor handling the other.
@TobiasKildetoft lol!
I just got also onther one to review ...
@JoelSjögren here I think is the info I had meta.stackexchange.com/questions/97938/…
@JoelSjögren there was something else as well @TobiasKildetoft you have sent me some link about that, which was it, have you got it at hand?
15:24
@Rudi_Birnbaum It is part of the room title
@JoelSjögren tinyurl.com/cfqcvpc
@TobiasKildetoft I try to understand why for some groups the sign representation doesn't make sense exactly. Last state was that for some groups there is no unique way to embedd them into $S_n$. Could we discuss that by using $A_4$ as an example?
@Rudi_Birnbaum Sure
Perhaps we should start with what "the sign" of a group element should be abstractly
@TobiasKildetoft Yes.
@TobiasKildetoft Its $(-1)^{n}$ for n the number of pair permutations needed to do the group operation in a point bases.
roughly
?
@Rudi_Birnbaum Now we got less abstract than I was planning
OK you go!
15:37
In complete generality, it should be a homomorphism to the group with two elements
yes.
Oh, is that all?
Now, this is the same as a subgroup of index $2$
(unless we want the trivial sign, which gives all elements the same sign)
You mean then we look at $G/$ that subgroup?
right
the sign is the canonical map to the quotient, and it is uniquely determined by the subgroup
Ahh, so I only works (canonically) if there is a(=the) subgroup of order 2?
15:41
right. If there is more than one such subgroup, we get different "sign"s, and if there are none, we only have the trivial and uninteresting one
:-)
OK then forget $A_4$ Then I want to know about what we call $T_d$ order=$24$.
How is that defined?
Its the group of a non-chiral tetrahedron.
$A_4$ is the chiral tetrahedron.
$T_d$ has mirror planes.
at times called "full tetrahedral symmetry"
Hmm, isn't that the full symmetric group on $4$ objects?
It has two-1, one-2, and two-3 dim. irreps.
(over $\Bbb C$).
15:49
right, it is what I refer to as $S_4$
Note that you can permute the corners of the tetrahedron any way you want
Ah, OK (interesting way to look at it like that ...)! Whats the sign(s) here?
Since there is just one subgroup of index $2$ ($A_4$), we just get the regular sign of a permutation
I'd call it $C_2$ :the rotation around 180°.
But wait, isn't $A_4$ what we call $T$ (order $12$)?
certainly order $12$ (I don't call it $T$ :) )
Ah you talk about the quotient group now!
15:54
Right, it has order $12$ and hence index $2$
$S_4/C_2=A_4$
Other way around
$C_2$ is not a normal subgroup
Oh, OK right!
You mean "index $2$ in $S_4$."?
Now we still didn't mention representations
15:59
Right, so the connection between the sign and the sign representation is that the sign representation is usually defined to be a $1$-dimensional vector space on which group elements act via their sign (i.e. either as $1$ or $-1$).
yes.
oh wait
It must then be like the a single vector alinged perpendicular to some axis.
makes sense?
not really, no
OK then lets forget it ...
is there no analytic number theorist among the regulars here?
But a one-dim vector space is for example $\Bbb R$, isn't it?
16:05
sure, if we work over the reals
So isn't the only question then how to embed $\Bbb R$ in our space?
@Rudi_Birnbaum Ahh, I see what you mean (I keep forgetting that you have the group given as some set of symmetries of space)
Note that since we want the subgroup $A_4$ to act trivially, we can start by looking for subspaces on which this is the case
Sounds complicated, but I'd say thats a (certain) tetrahedron with arrows as edges.
Now looking at my character table I'd say its one of the two three-dimensional ones. Its the one which changes sign with $S_4$ (which is your $S_2$ group operation I guess).
What do you think?
For this group, the sign representation is the non-trivial $1$-dimensional one
16:21
Oh sorry I was stupid
It must be 1-dim
,right
?
OK. That changes things for me ... Then still what is it for $A_4$?
For $A_4$ the only $1$-dimensional irreps on which all elements act as either $1$ or $-1$ is the trivial one
(on the other ones, they can also act as third roots of unity).
Hm yeah.
OK, maybe now once again. I am after a representation that gives the rotation around the main axis (in 3-D space), and as I suspect its the same as a simple $C_2$ operation around that very axis.
I have seen from my tables its for all space-groups except tetrahedral and octahedral ones the same as the sign representation.
For those I was not sure what the sign rep. was there, now I know its not the same. because that rotation (real 3D space one) is in these groups (one of) the lowest non-one dimensional ones.
Well its actually always a three-dimensional one in the isometric groups ...
Ahh, so for $S_4$ and the octahedral group there is a "distinguished" $3$-dimensional representation, called the reflection representation (or the fundamental representation for $S_4$)
16:34
Oh! Whats that exactly?
It comes from the group being the Weyl group of a root system, which in both cases is a $3$-dimensional real vector spaces
@Mathein ja kann sein, wenn ich mich für Heidelberg entscheide hahah
it's sorta interesting to me that the smallest nonabelian group of odd order is of order 21
it feels larger than I'd have expected it to be
@TobiasKildetoft would that somehow have an analogue in the non-isometric groups?
@Semiclassical Well, $7$ is the smallest prime $p$ such that $\varphi(p)$ is not a power of $2$.
16:37
huh
@Rudi_Birnbaum Not sure actually.
@Semiclassical that clears that then
lol
and Z3 is the smallest nontrivial odd order group
@TobiasKildetoft Maybe could we first check if its the same one in the 7 isometric groups as my Rot z?
so might as well take a semidirect product to get a nonabelian group
16:38
@Rudi_Birnbaum Unfortunately I need to go soon.
@Tobias Oh ok. But maybe we can continue that?
@TobiasKildetoft so thanks a lot for the moment that was good progress for me!!!
16:57
Helloguys
@ÍgjøgnumMeg bist du dir unsicher? Du wolltest du doch unbedingt nach Deutschland
@Mathein ja stimmt schon, aber Nottingham wäre viel einfacher hahaha
naja ich schau noch, hab bis zur Immatrikulationsfrist
(und ich muss trotzdem noch eine Sprachprüfung bestehen lol)#
einfacher ist es sicher nicht finanziell
ja, du hast bestimmt große Probleme mit der Sprachprüfung, lol
hahaha
Ja solange ich mindestens so.. ca. 600€ im monat verdienen kann solls schon gehen
ich muss dich jetzt von Heidelberg überzeugen ^^
wir haben eine Bäckerei ~50m vom Mathegebäude, bei der es Fleischkäsebrötchen gibt
2
17:08
Pff ich bin schon da
tschau england
hahah aber ja ich bin schon überzeugt, ich hab nur angst dass ich nicht genug geld habe
lol
achso ja hmm
bist du Bafög-berechtigt als EU-Bürger?
glaub schon
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Das werde kein Problem für dich sein (I don't remember how Futur I works)
Das weiß ich nicht, ich glaub ich hab mal gelesen dass man als EU-bürger nicht automatisch Bafög-berechtigt ist
@Alessandro wird*
sonst perfekt
haha
ah nein stimmt
man muss irgendwelche Voraussetzungen erfüllen
Damn I knew it looked wonky
17:12
aber 600€ im Monat ist machbar (auch wenn ich nicht so die Ahnung von Arbeiten außerhalb der Uni hab)
Genau :(
Ja ich glaub teilzeit kann man so 600€ verdienen
kann dann nebenbei Nachhilfe geben oder so
mit Nachhilfe kann man gut Geld verdienen
ich hatte mal eine Austauschschülerin aus Wien, die hat 15€ pro Stunde gezahlt
ja schon nice, man muss halt schüler finden die nachhilfe brauchen
hahaha
du bist Englischer Muttersprachler
damit findest du garantiert was
Brauchst du hilfe mit Klassenkörpertheorie? Rufe jetzt an! Nur 15€ pro Stunde
3
17:16
hahaha
@Mathein ja stimmt schon
hab vergessen dass ich ziemlich gut Englisch kann
@AlessandroCodenotti das wäre der Traumjob
@ÍgjøgnumMeg also Englisch und Mathe ist bei Nachhilfe sowieso gefragt und du bist Muttersprachler in Englisch und hast schon einen Abschluss in Mathe
da wirst du überhaupt keine Probleme haben, was zu finden
:) Hoffe ich, ist halt nicht so stabil
Servus Leute, ist heute German day?
kann schon sein
Es sieht so aus
17:20
@ÍgjøgnumMeg meine Mutter hat sich ihr Studium auch komplett selbst finanziert
also das geht schon
Ich hätte mein Studium nie geschafft wenn ich nebenher arbeiten müssen, zumindest nicht in der Regelzeit.
:) meine Mutter hat auch gesagt sie kann mir so 100€ im Monat geben oder so
was auch hilft
@Mathein wie viele Kurse nimmt man pro Semester?
Aber das sollte über Bafög/Eltern auch kein Thema sein.
Bafög krieg ich nicht :(
Dann verdienen die Eltern so viel dass sie dich unterstützen können müssen.
17:23
@Rudi_Birnbaum er kommt nicht aus Deutschland, das ist das Problem mit Bafög
Nein ich kriegs nicht weil ich kein deutscher Staatsbürger bin
Ah OK. AT oder ?
@ÍgjøgnumMeg 3-4
@Rudi na Großbritannien
hahaha
also 3-4 ist Standard und damit wirst du in Regelstudienzeit fertig
17:24
Uuups
aber du kannst natürlich auch mehr machen wenn du willst
@ÍgjøgnumMeg Genau so viel wie di angebotene Abstrakte Algebra Kurse (I strongly doubt this sentence works)
@Mathein aso dann kann ich knapp 20std in der Woche arbeiten oder? lol
Ja das ist blöd.
@ÍgjøgnumMeg ja
17:26
@Alessandro Nicht so schlimm, man versteht schon was du damit meinst hahah
und mehr als 20h darfst du als Student eh nicht arbeiten
aso darf man nicht oder wie
Willst du mein Buddy sein? hahahaha
Hello
I used to think that $ Q[\sqrt{2}] = \{ a + b (\sqrt{2}) ;$ where a and b were rational$ \} $, but in my book its written that $Q[3\sqrt{2}] \ne \{a + b(3\sqrt{2}) ;$ where a and b are rational$ \}$, and they wrote that it is infact $ Q[3\sqrt{2}] = \{ a + b(3\sqrt{2}) + c(3\sqrt{2})^2 ;$ where a,b,c are rational$ \}$, but $c (3\sqrt2)^2=18$ which is rational and would join with $a$ so why have they done that.Please help.
@ÍgjøgnumMeg How would you say? I'm trying to review some German before moving to Bonn, but I forgot a lot of what I knew
@ÍgjøgnumMeg ja komm das machen wir
aber ich weiß nicht, kann man sich das beim Buddy-Programm aussuchen?
17:28
@Mathein keine ahnung, da steht bloß dass man ein Buddy bekommt
@AlessandroCodenotti don't worry, you know the word Klassenkörpertheorie, that's all that matters
@ÍgjøgnumMeg ich habe eine Mail bekommen, ob ich als Buddy für jemanden fungieren will
Not every university in Germany is an algebraists's den like Heidelberg!
@Alessandro I dunno how I would say that actually, "genau so viel wie's Algebra kurse gibt" oder so
@Mathein Was kriegst du eigentlich wenn du als Buddy arbeitest? Oder tut man's einfach freiwillig
@ÍgjøgnumMeg freiwillig
@Mathein gut dann kriegst du einen Leberkässemmel von mir
hahaha
17:31
@ÍgjøgnumMeg okay das ist ein Deal
@Shobhit I expect they mean $\Bbb Q(\sqrt[3]{2})$
@ÍgjøgnumMeg hast du schonmal nach Stipendien für GB-ler in DE geschaut?
@Rudi ja ich und mein Betreuer haben vor ein paar monaten gesucht
ich geh morgen zum Studierendensekretarität für Internationale Beziehungen und frage nach, wie das mit dem Buddyprogramm ist, wenn ich schon jemanden kenne
war nix dabei?
17:33
@ÍgjøgnumMeg no it is $3$ times $\sqrt2$
$3\sqrt2$
@Rudi glaub nicht, ich kann nochmal schauen aber die fristen sind wahrscheinlich schon längst vorbei hahaha
@Mathein cool :)
Naja es gibt immer alles mögliche, man sollte auch religiöses oder politisches nicht ausschliessen (auch wenns eklig ist, aber geld stinkt ja nicht).
und oft gibts auch keine fristen
Wenn ich in Heidelberg wär, würd ich dich als Hiwi anstellen, dann müsstest Du aber meine Gruppentheorie Probleme bearbeiten :P
Daaamn wär nice
lol
17:37
(Ja für mich auch - wissenschaftlich zumindest ....)
@ÍgjøgnumMeg help
@Shobhit what you said was correct, $\Bbb Q(3\sqrt{2}) \neq \lbrace a + b(3\sqrt{2}) + c(3\sqrt{2})^2 : a, b, c \in \Bbb Q\rbrace$
so I expect that there is a typo in the source you're using
because this looks a lot like the description for $\Bbb Q(\sqrt[3]{2})$
@ÍgjøgnumMeg so $Q[3\sqrt2] = \{ a + b(3\sqrt2) ; a,b \in Q \}$?
@Shobhit and the reason you gave was good, because $(3\sqrt{2})^2 \in \Bbb Q$ so $\lbrace 1, 3\sqrt{2}, (3\sqrt{2})^2 \rbrace$ is not a $\Bbb Q$-linearly independent set
@Shobhit Equivalently $\Bbb Q[3\sqrt{2}]=\Bbb Q[\sqrt{2}]$
17:40
exactly
oh, thank you both :)
@Shobhit because $3, b \in \Bbb Q$ also $3b \in \Bbb Q$ so $a + b(3\sqrt{2}) = a + b^\prime \sqrt{2}$ with $a, b^\prime \in \Bbb Q$
I mean
"$=$"
lol
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