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10:00
good night! light will come here soon i think
@DanBrumleve I meant electricity
A k-combination is a subset of k items out of a collection.
This coefficient is from which binomial theorem?
There's only one binomial theorem I'm aware of, so it wouldn't make sense to ask which one.
@anon hmm I thought there are two , one for natural numbers and other for integers , isn't it?
aah, natural one derives from integers one I guess
10:07
well the binomial theorem concerns the coefficients of the expanded product (x+y)^n but here you have a practical application of the binomial formula and i think needn't be concerned about the meaning of the theorem itself.
The binomial theorem is typically understood for naturals n and k, but it generalizes to even complex numbers I think.
@DanBrumleve right , thanks a lot :)
... unless there is some rewarding way to rephrase combinations of letters in numeric terms?
you guyz are great mathematician and I'm also trying to make my maths good , so that I become good at algorithms :)
good way to do it
for algorithms i recommend try to wrap your brain around quickselect if u haven't already en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_algorithm
(something i found recently that bucked intution)
 
3 hours later…
12:56
@DanBrumleve can you help with this question : stackoverflow.com/questions/10240483/…
Well I thought to use set or map but space overhead was too much
13:54
Hi!
Rob
Rob
Hi!
14:19
@JM Ayt?
I have a question regarding tags.
@MattN How may I serve?
This one has created a tag "denseness". I'm quite sure this used to exist and "we" decided to delete it.
What do you think?
Yes, it sounds rather too specific...
And he's done it again here.
Can I flag these for deletion? Or what can I do?
I suggested a tag-wiki in which I wrote that it should be deleted. Someone will see that and delete it (or disagree and leave it).
You can remove the tags yourself. The system should purge them in a day or two...
14:28
Ah, from the question! Right. : )
I can't make sense of this comment.
@JM Done! : )
Yay : ) And I got accepted : )
That's quite some profile picture they have there. (not the puppy)
@MattN It scares me that I can't quite tell if it's a lady's or a guy's midriff...
@JM Looks female to me...
I hope you're right...
14:52
The underwear is a give-away, no?
...I've seen strange stuff... :o
(i.e. I have been suitably traumatized.)
On another note: once upon a time there was this game where you take a look at pictures of cleavage and then guess if it was from the chest or the buttocks. That certainly made me paranoid about pictures... :)
I didn't know there was such a game : )
Of course, for maximum effect, they always use guy buttocks...
15:05
: D
You really made that chocolate tea pot : )
@MattN It wasn't too hard, and you gave me the idea...
15:21
home, sweet home
Ello : )
olle!
@Ilya That would be Russia, no?
(Also, hi.)
@JM hi. I live here more than for one year now. And here it's sweet. In Russian it's not
15:25
Heh.
@MattN don't imagine candy shops, I didn't mean that - although there is Leonidas shop just below my window here
Mmm, Leonidas...
Never heard of it.
Good chocolates. Very costly, though.
@MattN since you're not in China, google can help you ;)
15:30
: )
bbl
bye
@JM: how are you?
@Ilya Only slightly better than the last time... :)
16:00
i am considering the map $\Phi(x,y)=x^3-y^2$, with Jacobian $\begin{pmatrix}3x^2\\ -2y\end{pmatrix}$. I want to show that $\Phi^{-1}(0)$ is an injective immersion (i think it is anyway). is the point to show that $3x^2=-2y$ is an injective immersion of $\mathbb{R}$ into $\mathbb{R}^2$? will that imply that this is an immersed submanifold?
that is @all
rather i think i want to show that $y^2=x^3$ is an injective immersion
ok, so i think i just want to show that $y\mapsto (y^2,y^{3/2})$ is an immersion (it's obviously injective)
so i compute the Jacobian of this map and get $\begin{pmatrix}2y & \frac32 y^{1/2}\end{pmatrix}$
sorry, the map should be $y\mapsto (y^2,y^3)$
with the Jacobian being $\begin{pmatrix}2y & 3y^2\end{pmatrix}$
this reminds me of localizing in algebra
16:18
guys, i was wondering something: if phi(n) divides n-1, does that mean phi(n)=n-1?
i can easily prove that it means n is square free, and a Carmichael number, but that's it :)
this is a famous curve, i think. i've just never considered it as a manifold
anyone in here? :)
it means n is prime, i think, which is the same thing you are saying
yea, that's why i'm trying to prove :)
and checked it in a computer for up to a million
so it's probably true. can't seem to prove it though
prove that you can't have n be the product of two distinct primes
and try to generalize the argument
16:24
hmmm. that's probably true. 1 sec
done
it can't be the product of two distinct primes, because
n=pq =>
phi(n) = (p-1)(q-1) = pq-p-q+1 divides pq-1
then pq-p-q+1 divides p+q-2
and the right side is bigger than the left for p,q>2
even p,q>=2
wait no
oh
(p-1)(q-1) divides (p-1)+(q-1)
and the right side is biggger than the left if p,q>2
not sure what about p=2, i'll see what i can do
okay, that implies q-1 divides 1 then q=2, and that's impossible because q does not equal p
eric, are you still there?
i'm kind of busy, but lemme see
i'm confused by your argument, could you say it again with a fresh start?
okay, thanks anyway :)
the two prime case should be easy
okay
i say that for every natural number N, it holds that if phi(N) divides N-1, then N is prime.
i've been able to prove N is square free, and not the product of two distinct primes.
yea, the two prime case is done
and i believe even three primes shouldn't be too hard. (same tricks i did last time, probably more case checking)
there should be a more general induction argument you can make
16:34
square-freenes is easy:
if p^2 divides n, then p divides phi(n). but phi(n) divides n-1, so p divides n-1. but p divides n, so p divides 1. contradiction.
i'm going, thanks eric
i'm here
i'm writing something for you
so let $n=p\cdot m$, where $m$ is coprime to $p$. suppose we have shown that $\phi(m)$ does not divide $m-1$
message me if you have any progress :) good luck with your stuff
consider that case now and you should be able to do it
this is just an inductive argument
that's all i have to say, you should be able to finish now
hmm
i don't think it'll do
wait, what's M?
never mind, thanks for the help, good luck :)
fixed. that's my best advice under pressure, i have work to do. i think you can make it work
 
2 hours later…
18:24
hi all I have a question Ive been asked to solve. But I have no idea where to begin. THe question is y'=(y+e^x)/(x+e^y)
18:37
I just posted an answer tagged differential-equations. I'm not sure I should've done that -- I don't really know much about them.
Does [this](http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/134482/solving-a-differential-equation-involving-y-and-its-exponential) work?
But, you have not yet separated the variables no?
There is an $x \mathrm{d}y$ there... @Matt
Yes.
Can't I do $\int x dy = xy + K$?
Hmm, no, I think. Why is a function of $x$ right?
18:43
That was just an idea.
Might have to think of something better.
Do any of you two know anything about ellipses?
Nope.
I think I learnt about them in High school. So, ask.
@MattN the why is $y$ there. Sorry about that...
Already got a comment with a word that I don't know. Oh my. : )
@KannappanSampath Sure : )
18:45
I need to show that $x = \sqrt{3} \cos t \ , \ y = \sin t \qquad t \in [0,2\pi]$ desribes a ellipse.
Do you know the standard form of the equation of an ellipse?
My first guess was to show that it is on the form $(x/a)^2 + (y/b)^2 = 1$. But this seems very simple.
^Yes, exactly.
That is the way to go. It is simple, so what?
So without further ado I can just say that $a=\sqrt{3}$ and $b=1$ ?
18:48
I do not quite know why I can say that though.
I see that it works obviously.
@Matt f$\rm{d}y=g\rm{d}x$ is exact if $\partial f/\partial x=\partial g/ \partial y$...
Do you know the parametric equation of an ellipse...? @N3buchadnezzar
@KannappanSampath Ooh! Cool! Thank you!
It is $x = a \cos t$ and $y = b \sin t$
for $t \in [0,2\pi]$
But this is what I need to prove, using this would be rather meaningless?
18:52
Deleted it. Shouldn't mess with differential equations.
Hey, here is what you do: Show that what you have is an ellipse by saying it's equation looks like one. Then, if you had an ellipse, its parametric equation looks like what you have. Since, you have what you have (!), you must ge t what you want. :D @N3buchadnezzar
Then I will never need to prove anything again :D
@MattN look up for solving exact equation, it is quite an easy thing.
I will just say that there is a theorem saying it is true, and since it is true. My proof is complete.
heads out to look up solving exact equation
18:54
@N3buchadnezzar I mean it is obvious to me. But, I don't understand what you're doing....
Now feeling stupid again. Haven't felt stupid for at least a week.
Why?^ (If I may ask. :))
Hi @ymar
Hi guys!
@KannappanSampath This. Of course you may ask : )
@ymar Hi ymar : )
I think I hit the jackpot with this question. No correct answer and I've already learned a lot.
19:07
I saw and upvoted : )
Thanks. Qiaochu's answers and the comments are dripping knowledge. :) I love it.
@ymar that drives you to the Dark Side, young padawan
@Ilya I'll have to see those movies some time to understand what people are saying. :)
Me too. I am very weak when it comes to understanding such humour/ abuses.
19:15
Star Wars is easier to catch then Star Trek:
1. only 6 episodes
2. there is N. Portman
She's a beauty, isn't she.
I'd only count 3 episodes...
heads out to look up Natalie Portman
@KannappanSampath Mind me asking another question about the ellipse?
np. :) You may ask.
Its about integrals :p
19:20
I don't know if I can answer but will try.
Show that the arclength of the ellipse can be expressed as $$ L = 2 \int_0^\pi \sqrt{2 + \cos u} \, \mathrm{d}u $$
For the love of god, I can not show this. And I believe it is wrong.
There is a formula involving the parametric derivatives right?
Or I am not strong enough in my kung fu trigonometric juggling abilities.
@ymar sort of
$$L = \int_{t=a}^{t=b} \sqrt{ \left( x'(t) \right)^2 + \left( y'(t)\right)^2\,} \,\mathrm{d}t $$
19:23
@Ilya Not my type...
She's great to look at in movies. But I wouldn't bother to look up her naked photos.
Heh : )
@ymar nonono, she's not that kind of girl - that kind of cuteness which somehow contradicts with being sexy
I get $$ L = 2 \int_0^\pi \sqrt{2 + \cos 2u\,}\,\mathrm{d}u$$
@Ilya Exactly.
19:27
@ymar: in Black Swan erotic scene Mila Kunis was leading, Portman was acting
That was actually pretty sexy, although I didn't like the movie very much.
@N3buchadnezzar Then you probably are right...I should work the details...
@KannappanSampath 2sec
@ymar me too. I wouldn't compare it with Requiem for example. B.S. was also kind of expressive, but there is no tragedy. Or it does not touch me. I even would say that Jared was playing much more natural than Natalie
I didn't see that. What is it?
19:29
Can some one tell me how to write that something is happening $k$ times in underbrace construct?
Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 drama film directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Marlon Wayans and Jennifer Connelly. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby, Jr., with whom Aronofsky wrote the screenplay. Burstyn was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. The film was screened out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. The film depicts different forms of addiction, leading to the characters’ imprisonment in a world of delusion and reckless desperation that is subsequently overtaken and devastat...
It seems like
$$ \int_0^\pi \sqrt{2 + \cos 2u\,} \, \mathrm{d}u = \int_0^\pi \sqrt{2 + \cos u\,} \, \mathrm{d}u$$
@KannappanSampath Any idea how to show that?
@N3buchadnezzar Hmm, no? Put $2u=t$ in the integral on left...
@ymar: you didn't see that movie? come on, forget about Star Wars for a while. This is a really great one
Oh, I 've heard of it. I'll watch it tonight. I finally have money so I can get wasted and watch a movie.
19:32
@KannappanSampath Then the limits changes, mmm. Will look into it
Seems strange :p
@KannappanSampath I ate some Indian food today for the second time in my life. Does all Indian food have loads of ginger in it?
@ymar No, not all. Seems strange to me.
Oh, good. I hate ginger...
@ymar maybe you were ehhh faked, and that wasn't an Indian food? ^_^
It was an Indian restaurant. And there was an Indian guy in there. :)
19:36
@ymar We all hate gingers :p
BRB
@N3buchadnezzar Cartman?
@Ilya Yeah and this
@Ilya Hi!
19:45
@N3buchadnezzar :)
@JonasTeuwen Hi! how are you
@Ilya Okay, you?
okay
drinking glenlivet in small doses :)
and decided finally to update my facebook page, although photos are not of the best quality - made with the phone
@Ilya Ah, never mind, I can't view his friends.
@MattN: but you know my surname. I shared photos for everybody
19:52
@Ilya Check FB : )
@Ilya Found them : )
@MattN that's you???
@Ilya Yes? Why? It's a made up name.
but homecity...
Don't like private details of me on the internetz.
: )
but why Russian city?
19:55
@Ilya You troll : D Do you have any pictures of Beijing apart from the motorway? : D
@Ilya If someone wants to stalk me this seemed like a good place to send them to.
@MattN wait a minute, I should figure out how to add them
@MattN have you heard about Sobolev spaces?
@Ilya Yes. Don't remind me. I have an exam about them, Futile Attempts, and today I realised that I can't even do a simple exercise the teddy gave me. :,(
Now in panic mode.
@Ilya Sobolev spaces!!! :-).
@MattN Sobolev (and many other strong Russian mathematicians) lived and worked in NS, there is a very strong math department
@Ilya Well, apart from the fact that it's in Russia I'd probably like it there. I hear it's cold. : )
20:01
@MattN the amplitude is very huge. -30..+45
@Ilya Eww, 45. I'd never survive that : /
But you'd be happy in -30? :)
@MattN btw, the also photos I've made from the plane also refer to NS area
@ymar Yes : )
It's never been -30 in Warsaw in my lifetime I think, but -20 is awful. And I like cold weather.
20:03
@Ilya Can't see much though : )
@ymar I've had -25 here once, in a tiny ski resort and it was lovely. Very sunny, plenty of snow and we went cross-country skiing : )
In retrospect I'm probably too lazy to do cross-country skiing.
@MattN heh, that's different when you have a continental climate and a wind
@Ilya We have continental climate here. NS does as well, no?
@MattN haha, you have continental climate in ZH?
Sure, it's good for skiing, but not opening the window in your house. And for going out to the shop or anywhere. Also, public transportation fails completely.
@Ilya Of course. It's in the middle of the European continent, how more continental can it get?
@ymar True but they already fail if there is zero degrees and one inch of snow. : D
20:08
@MattN middle, ha.
It gets much more continental in Russia. :) Switzerland is pretty close to the ocean compared to Moscow or Siberia.
Ok. You win : )
The center of gravity of Europe is somewhere in Poland or Lithuania I think.
What's the centre of gravity of Europe?
@MattN nonsense. It's just important for Polish people to be in the center (@ymar :-p)
20:11
Stockholm is probably nicer to live.
The centre of gravity is the point you pin a needle into, turn it all around, fix the needle to the table, and Europe doesn't fall down. :)
Equally cold, or possibly colder, especially in summer.
@ymar I didn't think you meant it literally : D
Not really, no. But you can do it with an appropriately scaled model. :)
"After a re-estimation of the boundaries of the continent of Europe in 1989, Jean-George Affholder, a scientist at the Institut Géographique National determined that the Geographic Centre of Europe is located at 54°54′N 25°19′E. The method used for calculating this point was that of the centre of gravity of the geometrical figure of Europe. This point is located in Lithuania, specifically 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of its capital city, Vilnius, near the village of PurnuÅ¡kÄ—s."
Heh : )
I'm going to sleep. Terrible day. : /
Good night.
20:24
Good night!
@MattN: good night
@ymar Linear Algebra....is killing me.
@KannappanSampath That's not very nice of her.
I can try to help.
The heck of me. I fail to understand what a gen. Eigen space is...
Is it helpful?
20:31
But, Arturo's answer does not define what this is?
See, we defined gen. eigen space to contain all vectors $v$ that anihilate some power of $T-\alpha I$.
Isn't that exactly what Arturo says?
But, some define it to be $\ker (T-\alpha I)^d$ where $d$ is the power of $t-\alpha$ in $\chi(t)$
I'm unfamiliar with the notation. What's $\chi(t)$?
The characteristic polynomial!
Ah, right.
OK, so the problem is to prove the equivalence of these definitions?
20:36
Yes.
Firstly, we have... $\ker T \subseteq \ker T^2 \subseteq \ker T^3 \subseteq \dots$
And the same goes for $T-\alpha I$
Yes. But, then, the thing is to prove, a vector annihilated by $d+k$th exponent is also annihilated by $d$ for $k \in \Bbb N$.
Would it be enough to prove that $(T-\alpha I)^{d+1}=0$?
No that's nonsense, wait.
Yes, that's what I was wondering. :P
We need to prove $(T-\alpha I)^d \equiv 0$ for all $v$ annihilated by some power of $T-\alpha I$.
Oh!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Is this obvious?!!!
I think we need to argue with Jordan blocks...
Ah! right. So, $T-\alpha I$ restricted on our gen. eigen space is an upper triangular matrix.
(Have I lost you?)
No, I'm here, trying to collect my thoughts. Go on, it'll click at some point.
20:46
For me, this room is always an Aha! moment. I get some beautiful thoughts when I type something up...
maybe this will help too
@anon Nice link. Thank you. :)
the key part is that the primary decomp thm indicates a gen eigenspace has dimension equal to the algebraic multiplicity, I think
Yes. You're right.
OK, So, the index of nilpotence of $T-\alpha I$ restricted on our eigen space is what we'd want to know.
So, this is atmost $d$, the size of the block.
But, as anon points out, if there are less than $d$ linearly independent eigen vectors, say, then there are more blocks of smaller size.
So, each block gets annihilated by its size. The whole operator is nilpotent with index equal to the maximum of the size of the smaller blocks. Right?
Since I don't like blocks, how bout this: restricting $T$ to $V_{(\alpha)}$ creates a new linear map and $\alpha$ is the only eigenvalue, which means the characteristic polynomial must be $(\lambda-\alpha)^d$ where $d$ is the dimension of the gen eigenspace which equals the algebraic multiplicity on the larger space $V$. Then invoke Cayley-Hamilton on $T$ on the subspace.
20:56
[...]where $d$ is the dimension of the gen. eigen space [....] why is that the case?
by the link I gave, which I found only minutes ago and have not yet read :P
(also, woke up with a headache, need pills)
oh wait
no, the degree of a char polynomial is always the dimension of the space the linear map acts on
sorry, I thought you were asking about the "equals algebraic multiplicity on $V$" part
@anon Hah!! Right.
(If anyone is waiting for me to make a comment, then I'm afraid my brain's too numb. It doesn't seem to be clicking for me.)
Curse me. I should have known this.
@anon Agreed with that.
cool, I learned something today
21:01
@anon you may need to sleep longer. I have seen you were postponing sleep for some time (from transcript.) :P
I'm going to go pill up and take a shower. bbl.
See you later.
See you.
I got 10 hrs, it's just I sleep during the day now so light shines in my room and I'm kind of in a zombie half-asleep state :P
:)
So, @ymar, the definitions are equivalent then. :)
21:04
Well, I know they are, because I learned it a couple of years ago. I even understood the proof then. But now I don't.
OK. I need to think about this too. Why don't we move to CA and discuss this ?
OK.
After all these years, I have not yet found a good way to study math books :-).
I need advice.
@JonasTeuwen I'm here for a few minutes, but not much longer...
@tb Sure. How do you read a math book? 8-).
(Then I'll try the same)
21:56
It is hard to say in general. Some books can be read as easily as a novel, others require a lot of work per page, so my approach is obviously different in those two cases... Also, it is a function of what the book is to me: do I read it for general culture or is it part of what is supposed to be my specialty.
The later usually for me.
Usually I do something like this: I start reading.
After a few days I notice that I know nothing yet.
So then I take a piece of paper...
So I might just as well skip the first step, that might help.
@tb Worried that you're not seen often!
@JonasTeuwen: What I do is studying from a lot sources..from a book, the internet (notes, asking questions) and usually have a notebook where I keep the things I consider important..

As for the books, in example, my book in analysis I didn't help me at all, but my book at analysis II (Thomas) is really helpful!!
Hi and welcome btw. @tb
That is one crappy book if you ask me, @Chris.
Folland is more to my liking.
Actually now I bought abstract harmonic analysis by Folland. Let's see how that goes!
22:01
@JonasTeuwen Well, having a sheet of paper next to the book while reading is of course helpful... I don't scribble very much but I do take a pause at every definition and try to get an idea what it is actually about. I need to place the things in my own world and with the few examples I actually understand.
@Chris This just does not work well when you do Graduate studies. You're interested in what only 10% world is interested in and they are hard to find.
I think I actually register nothing when I don't have a sheet of paper :-). It somewhat forces me to actually think about it.
@KannappanSampath Only 10%?
I think that is way too much 8-).
@KannappanSampath I'll have to cut down my participation again, I'll be here more or less every day, but more on main than on chat.
@tb Sure, that's probably a good thing :-). Will miss you here!
I'll miss you too @tb. No linear algenra help. No nice examples </3
22:03
We didn't had Folland in our available choices..

@KannappanSampath: So what do you recommend for graduate studies?
Hmm, usually there are no books available right?
Thanks guys, I'll show up, but I shouldn't spend as much time here as I did recently.
@JonasTeuwen I know but for argument sake, that looks like a good enough number.
So, in the previous thing I did there were like two books, Villani and Ambrosio et al.
And then many papers.
@Chris I am not a graduate student as yet.
22:05
@tb I can imagine that studying harmonic analysis takes a lot of time which you can't afford to spend here, right? 8-)).
@JonasTeuwen: No, we are given some choices by our professors..

Sorry I meant undergraduate..that's what I am..(studying computer science)
@JonasTeuwen Sure, do write up things. Also, do more than just copy the book. I always found it more helpful to phrase things on my own and sketch the main ideas of proofs. Working the proofs through with a specific example is always very illuminating.
Lately I've tried to actually try to figure out what made the guy/woman actually to write it this way.
Or how they've thought up this.
Writing things forces you to slow down and thus you internalize them more easily. The more independently of the book you do that the more the internalization effect.
But then suddenly it takes much more time to read through the material and I have so much to read...
Okay. I'll try better.
22:07
There's always too much to read...My approach is at least what you study, be sure that you have understood it fully
@JonasTeuwen but there's only so much you can digest... Maybe do several approaches: read ahead an hour or so without spending very much time on the details, just skimming the proofs, then go back and work through the things more slowly. I don't write into my books, but maybe marking parts that surprised you at the first cursory reading might be helpful.
Yes, I'd like to mark in books, but math books are so expensive that it is quite a shame...
But then again, you have them to learn from, not to be pretty.
Use a very soft pencil.
Yeah... But for normal books I'd use a yellow marker :-). A pencil might be a good compromise.
Then there's also the PostIt® option...
22:11
But anyway, you would only spend a few minutes here. Thanks for the advice!
No problem, but I should really go and do some typing again... See you folks, have a nice week-end!
See you!
Bye @tb
 
1 hour later…
23:25
sometimes, I hate work. I've spent three straight days and just get gripes. I will be glad to get back to MSE.
2
Hi @robjohn
This is much nicer. I haven't really been here in days, and I got 75 rep today :-)
@KannappanSampath howdy. How goes it?
Good enough.
I am into a lot of thinking about Linear Algebra these days.
So, will you spend more time here now? are things fine?
a bit, sorry, I was afk there
@KannappanSampath what's up?
ping me, I have to switch windows to get back to work.

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