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12:13
@Ted ah okay, that's clear. I have one more question, more on notation. Say we have $O(\Vert\vec h\Vert)$. Should we then write: $f(\vec h)=O(\Vert\vec h\Vert)$, or rather $f(\Vert\vec h\Vert)=O(\Vert\vec h\Vert)$?
@Sha Depends what the question takes as input
My guess is it takes vectors, so first option
I concur with Astyx on this point, this is likely a function mapping $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}$ given context, so $f(\|h\|)$ wouldn't work.
It would be very vicous to use the notation $\Vert\vec h\Vert$ as a variable if your function is $\Bbb R\to \Bbb R$
(removed)
Is there any way to make a triple $\vert$ ?
12:26
Y tho?
what's cookin
I've always used $\vert\vert\vert A\vert\vert\vert$ to denote the triple norm $\sup_{\Vert x\Vert = 1} \Vert Ax\Vert$
Merp
@BalarkaSen Not much. Trying to catch back up with what has been posted on arXiv
$\|A\|_{op}$
12:27
Gotcha
@aminliverpool ùpokjbbvjbggvfghgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj‌​jjjjjjjjjjj
@Daminark Did you just provoke me ?
@Tobias I'm still on arXiii
3
@Daminark lol
@Astyx Maybe, your notation is p heathen
user84215
12:31
@Dattier What does that mean?
@Tobias what stuff are you looking at in particular?
@Daminark I have a feed of the group theory and representation theory categories and I have a look through all the titles.
Then sometimes I will also check the abstract and sometimes even download the paper for later reading
what interesting infinite groups have you found so far from the reading?
@Secret I have not found any such. Not sure why I would find any
@Secret wait hold on not all groups are finite?? My experience has been skewed... forgets what $GL(n,\mathbb{R})$ is
12:35
it's a litlle boy which have write that
Do I hear claims that infinite groups are not interesting?
BLASPHEMY
No, they simply don't exist @SteamyRoot
I don't know why that's the first example of an infinite group which came to mind instead of like, $\mathbb{Z}$ or something, but lol
@Astyx What am I writing a PhD thesis on then? :(
@aminliverpool : it's a litlle boy which have write that
12:36
@Steamy yeah I was just making a joke that 90% of my time has been spent thinking about finite groups so far
Oh, I mean you're just working on an empty model
@SteamyRoot Well, it would not be the first time someone wrote a thesis on a non-existent object
Tobias: Well you said you have a feed on group theory, that's why I suspect you might came across some infinite groups in the reading
@Secret Sure, there are infinite groups in many of those papers. Usually the point is not that the group is "new"
@SteamyRoot What sort of infinite groups are you writing about?
@TobiasKildetoft True, but if my groups don't exist, then the entire subject of crystallography is also non-existent
in Soug's voice ehhh
12:38
(Almost-)crystallographic groups and free nilpotent groups, mostly.
does it have applications in chemistry?
Oooo and we chemist and solid state physicists use crystallography like crazy
@AkivaWeinberger : what's your prefered simple trick ?
You need those to interpret and solve the neutron diffraction spectras
12:39
@Dattier I think I found something on why $u_n{}^2-2$ is easier than $u_n{}^2-1$
(or $u_n{}^2+1$)
Well, I think most of the properties of crystallographic groups that are interesting to chemists and physicists are known by now.
I doubt you guys care about the classification of such groups in dimensions 7 and higher :P
In that link, change $a$ to $1$, and slide it to $2$ to see what's up
The iterate of $x^2-2$ looks a lot nicer than the iterate of $x^2-a$ for any other $a$
Hmm, is there some particular reason why we're looking at dimensions 7+?
Well, you will never know, quasiparticles in condensed matter can behave as if they are in higher or lower dimensional space
@AkivaWeinberger Reminds me of that Sarkovski thing
12:41
and dimension 7 is one of those "special" dimensions
@Akiva : more a trick is simple and the harder it is to find
@Astyx That's the "period 3 implies all periods" thing, right?
Well, more general
Yup
@Daminark Mostly from a mathematics perspective, really.
@Astyx yea it's just in the context of derivatives, so $\vec h$ is the input. I guess if they write "as $\vec h$ goes to zero", that we are safe to use $f(\vec h)$
12:42
What they call tent functions
Condensed matter is weird, collective behaviour can pretty much simulate any wild things you can find in theories
@Dattier My favorite trick for anything? Not sure; I'd have to think about it
@SteamyRoot What is the definition of a crystallographic group again? I only recall having seen the term applied to Coxeter graphs
I find it weird when one dimension ends up being just bizarre. Like in manifolds apparently 4 dimensions is just L M A O Z E D O N G while everything else is comparatively well-behaved
@Akiva in maths
12:43
The $n$-dimensional crystallographic groups are the fundamental groups of the $n$-dimensional flat orbifolds. (and hence, the torsion-free crystallographic groups are the fundamental groups of the $n$-dimensional flat manifolds)
@Dattier Yeah; for anything in maths
I'll think about it
@Daminark For starters: Exotic spheres in $\Bbb{R}^4$ is still open
@AkivaWeinberger Are there things other than maths ?
12:43
Anyhow, guys, I’ve never really understood why we can substitute $x=r\cos\theta$ and $y=r\sin\theta$ at the end. Because now we have $f’(r\cos\theta,r\sin\theta)$ in terms of $x$ and $y$, which just seems odd to me.
@Astyx Music
Like here; how can we have $\dfrac{\partial f}{\partial x}(r\cos\theta,r\sin\theta)$, when there isn’t even an $x$ in the argument? What kind of derivative are you taking then?
@AkivaWeinberger Ooh true
@SteamyRoot I see. Is this then even related to the term as used for Coxeter groups?
@Sha That's typical notation abuse
12:44
@TobiasKildetoft A cocompact discrete subgroup of $\mathbb{R}^n \rtimes O(n)$
By $x$ you mean the first coordinate
Ugh "maths" is sacrilegious terminology
who is SteamyRoot ?
@AkivaWeinberger Wait that's not harmonic analysis? :P
but there are two variables in the first coordinate, @Astyx?
12:45
Yeah, cause the parital derivative is a two variable function
@SteamyRoot the patterns that the mathematician finds interesting usually show up nature
I use maths to refer to mathematics and statistics. Some statistics theory are cool (e.g. the various nth moments), it's the data that is ugly and full of crazy numbers
@SteamyRoot So is that related to Coxeter groups?
For instance if $f(x, y) = x+y+xy + x^2$
Then ${\partial f\over\partial x} (u,v) = 1+v + 2u$
@TobiasKildetoft There's definitely a relation to Coxeter groups, but I'm not sure what it is exactly :/
12:46
Unless there's something implicit going on which I'm not aware of of course
@SteamyRoot heh
Bye
oh okay thanks bye
12:47
@aminliverpool see you later
@ShaVuklia I'm not going right now, if that was to me
@Sha that was definitely one of the few times in recent memory that this was actually typed out
Instead of "kthxbai"
ktb
oh shit yea I often put half of the chat on ignore, so I don't lose my conversation :P
if there are a lot of people talking
Quite a few
12:48
@Astyx oh god
@TobiasKildetoft I think the affine Coxeter groups are examples of crystallographic groups
@Dami oh hahaha, I've never written that like that
@SteamyRoot Not in the definition you gave above. The affine Coxeter groups are countable
I'm civilised
I take the time for people
:P
I can follow multiple streams of conversations. It's not easy, though
12:50
I often say "kthxbai" sorta, not exactly ironically but in the same vein that I will use the spelling "wao" for "wow"
@TobiasKildetoft From that definition, it follows that crystallographic groups are countable :O
@Astyx anyhow, so this notation is clear now
thanks to your example
A crystallographic group $\Gamma$ fits in an exact sequence
$$1 \to \mathbb{Z}^n \to \Gamma \to F \to 1$$ with $F$ finite
@SteamyRoot Ahh, I missed some of the words
actually
user84215
12:52
@Dattier Have a nice day.
Anyway, @Tobias, what are you up to nowadays? I think you haven't been here for a while since your postdoc ended?
I'm still confused, also about the first screenshot; how can we replace $r$ and $\theta$ by their (equivalent) $x$ and $y$, when the function is a function of $r$ and $\theta$?
[This statement is intentionally cryptic] (With Tobias's return to the maths chat, we expect the Algebra Age will rise again. Now because of the dynamics through the beginning of the year 2017 which lead to the draft of the Integral Project, I am kinda curious on how will the Algebra Age interacts with the Integral Age. Hopefully, this time, we can preserve the timeline that leads to The Scroll)
@ShaVuklia just replace all instance of $r$ and $\theta$ (and better with the trigs) with those polar coordinate formulae
@Secret Ah, finally, I've been waiting for the return of the algebra age
I love abstract algebra, but simpleart and waiting and semi let me realise there are abstract algebra in closed form evaluations too. Hopefully this time we can keep them both
user84215
12:56
Is there any rich theory for uncountable groups?
@ShaVuklia $r = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$ and $\theta = \arctan(y/x)$
Okay now wait a second @amin I'm still getting used to infinite groups in general
The arctan is a bit of a bother, but you can rather easily calculate $\sin(\arctan)$ and $\cos(\arctan)$
yup, just use right angled triangles (and some sign fiddling)
wait, actually, you probably don't need that since the sine and cosine are always paired with a radius there
12:58
@Secret Closed form evaluations... of integrals?
Integrals, series, and more generally set of counterexamples
I see
but don't worry, pretty much the only person nowadays who will still dump paragraphs on this chat is me, so there will be no issues. Besides, chemistry getting busy means I am not as frequent on this chat as before
Yeah, I usually default to "draw a triangle" in order to know (for instance) what sin(arctan x) is
@Steamy uhmm okay, so I really just have to think of it as a different representation of the same? so $f(x,y)=x^2+y^2$ is really the same as $f(x,y)=r^2$?
or should I write $f(r,\theta)=r^2$ instead of $f(x,y)$?
12:59
phew
:P
Well, the point is that when you write $f(x,y) = r^2$
you actually have $r = r(x,y) = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$
You write $r$, but you should remember that $r$ is a function of $x$ and $y$ and not a constant
You should definitely not write $f(r,\theta) = r^2$
ohh okay..
$f(x(r,\theta),y(r,\theta))=r^2$
I mean, you defined $f$ such that $f(3,4) = 3^2 + 4^2 = 25$
Physicists like to use the following conversions:
$$\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}=\cos \theta, \frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}=\sin \theta, r=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$$
There's a joke I'm fond of. How do you tell a physicist apart from a mathematician? Write $f(x,y)=x^2+y^2$ and ask for $f(r,\theta)$
13:02
But for $g(r,\theta) = r^2$, $g(3,4) = 3^2 = 9$, so $g \neq f$
Yeah, that's another way to see it
Then $f(r,\theta)=r^2$
@Semi $f(r,\theta)=r^2+\theta^2$ is the correct answer?
@Sha Yup
haha:P
13:03
@Secret I guess we can update the joke to include chemists now :P
O I failed the mathematician test
user84215
What is the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics?
A beautiful result, $$g\in C^2([0,1]), 8(\max(g)-\min(g)) \geq \min(g'')$$
Well, I am trained in physics back in my undergrad, so
random cool stuff $\displaystyle\frac{\sin t}{t}=\prod_{n=1}^{+\infty}\cos(t/2^n)$
13:03
It's the mathematician's response
I'm glad I'm out of the chaos of physics for the moment, jesus f-ing christ. It's like the best and the worst thing in the world at the same time
Oh @Sha we need to make sure you become an algebraist btw
hahahah, well I'll be doing algebra this summer
@Alessandro gulp
I failed the test, I just couldn't do it anymore. I'm done :P
13:04
The physicist response would be $f(r,\theta)=r^2.$
The algebra revolution of this chatroom has begun? :D
6
@Semiclassical yup
Topologists are in majority.
And I have to confess I don't really see that as wrong so much as it requires context to make sense
13:06
And will always ever be.
@Semi it's wrong if you don't know it's wrong? otherwise, it's fine:P
Oh we'll see about that. Though I guess we can allow the Peter May brand of algebraic topology to persist...
Well, @Daminark and me both classify as algebraic topologists for a large part, I guess.
@BalarkaSen there's a lot of algebraic topology going on in there though
And we apparently both identify as algebrists
13:07
I am a superposition of a bit of everything, none skillful
but I wish to beef up my topology and abstract algebra
@Semiclassical Technically, it's wrong because you use the same symbol $f$.
Daminark is a higher category theorist.
hence the munkres stuff
I guess @Steamy is an algebraist.
you and Tobias are the only ones I can list off the top of my head
the only thing I know is that I'm not a statistician
13:08
@SteamyRoot he obviously wasn't talking about things being "technically" wrong tho:P
@Balarka much as I am currently "working in higher category theory" I'm actually a finite group theorist
It comes down to interpreting $f(x,y)$ not as "$f$ as a function of x,y is..." but rather "$f$ as presented in Cartesian coordinates is..."
@Alessandro same
Alessandro is onto foundations, he needs to read the HoTT book
univalent foundations
Under that convention, $f(r,\theta)$ means "f as presented in polar coordinates "
13:11
I disagree. $f$ is the object itself, defined as $f: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}: (x,y) \mapsto x^2 + y^2$.
We have a grad course here in type theory, I'm definitely going to do it if I don't move for my Master
we used variables $x$ and $y$ in that definition, but these variables don't hold any meaning
Lol one of my friends is doing an REU project this summer on homotopy type theory
If we wrote $f: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}: (r,\theta) \mapsto r^2 + \theta^2$, this would be exactly the same object
That's the first interpretation
It's a convention.
13:12
i read a few pages from the book a couple years ago
i quite liked what i saw
@Steamy I think you could potentially say that the object is that $f$ sends a vector in Euclidean 2-space to its norm, so these are various coordinate representations?
Function notation does not come down from some authority on high
"traditional" type theory is a rather different beast from HoTT I think though
hi chat
user84215
13:14
for studying set theory, which book is better? Jech's or Kunen's
Within the context of what a physicist does, the coordinate-system convention is entirely reasonable
To spite Alessandro, much as I have no knowledge, I will say Jech
Anyhow guys, I’m still a bit confused. So what do we exactly do when we write $f’(r\cos\theta,r\sin\theta)$ and then subsite by $x$ and $y$? So we transform $x$ en $y$ to $r$ and $\theta$, and then we transform it back, all in the same function. It’s just weird? Is there some abuse of notation here too?
@Daminark Well, $f$ is technically not well-defined unless you specify how you represent such vector.
I mean, we've found the derivative of $f$ by using polar coordinates, I just don't see how we are free to go back to $x$ and $y$ just like that
13:16
Okay that's true, actually, yeah the physics convention is officially wrong
Like how can $f'(x(r,\theta),y(r,\theta))$ be the derivative of $f$ at $(x,y)$.
@Semi :P
@Semiclassical You should at least write $f_{\text{polar}}$ or something like that. I know it's easier to write $f(r,\theta)$, but it is undeniably wrong for most functions :P
@aminliverpool Jech's covers a lot and is not aimed at beginners at all
user84215
I have read his introduction book
13:19
Meh. The point is really that when you do physics problens you don't care about arbitrary changes of variables.
Well, yeah, I know.
You generally have either Cartesian coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, or spherical coordinates
@aminliverpool Jech, Hrbacek you mean?
I'm just very strict because I TA an undergrad course on "mathematical reasoning and proving" where we beat (not literally) these things in students.
user84215
yes
13:21
ok, that's a good introduction as far as I know then, I was thinking about another book by Jech
So to insist in such context that the notation "must be consistent!!" with arbitrary changes of variables seems silly to me
The purpose of notation is to communicate the content in a clear and useful way.
user84215
I mean after this book it is better to continue on Jech's or start kunen's ?
@Semiclassical Well, yeah, but if you use $f(x,y)$ and $f(r,\theta)$ interchangably, how do you interpret $f(3,0)$ ?
I don't know, you need someone who actually read them to answer
@SteamyRoot I am doing a new postdoc now at Aarhus University. But I just started and everyone is on vacation
13:24
@Steamy context
i don't. But then I typically don't care a whit about a particular value of f.
@SteamyRoot Unfortunate example
What I care about is doing integration/differentiation and understanding functional behavior
@TobiasKildetoft That's the largest Danish university, isn't it?
user84215
Unfortunately, math books are expensive.
13:25
are you in university? They have good libraries usually
To insist that notation is wrong because it's not capable of doing all things for all people is silly. It's not intended as such.
user84215
My university library does not pay enough attention to provide books on foundations of mathematics
Some good discussion of the issue of denoting various coordinate systems is here (MathEducators Beta): matheducators.stackexchange.com/q/5999/1940
@Semiclassical Seriously, whatever works for you. But being mathematically correct (which is not always useful, necessary or desirable, for example in physics papers), using these interchangeably is wrong. And that's not a matter of notation, but a matter of definition.
Notation is a human construction and cannot be 'wrong.' It can be confusing and ill-defined, but there is nothing in the universe that dictates it.
Notation is a tool. Nothing more, nothing less.
13:34
lol is this an argument that started over Semi's physicist joke?
yep
Well.
I'm entirely on Semi's side on this:P (for what it's worth, lol)
The physics joke actually came after some other discussion.
I am channeling my inner pragmatist for this.
anyhow guys, I understand it now. Since we write $f'(r\cos\theta,r\sin\theta)$, we can just see what it does with those arguments "as a whole", and then replace them by $x$ and $y$, since that's how the "Cartesian functions" simply work.
Presumably, while it's totally alright to use notation that's convenient, using ill-defined notation is still "abuse", from a purely technical/non-normative standpoint
13:37
eh. I'd dispute the word 'non-normative' there.
"Using X as such is bad" is plenty normative.
@Daminark That's what I mean, yes.
Wrong is different from bad, I'd say
I'm going to troll the smartest kid in my class next year and ask what $f(r,\theta)$ is btw:P
I should note as well that I stole that 'joke' from a prof here who does physics education research :)
Using $n$ to mean a real number is, by all accounts, correct, but like can you don't? Ples stahp
13:40
then you're just obnoxious
@Daminark A somewhat more esoteric instance of that is in special relativity: If you write down $g^{\mu\nu}$ then I'm going to interpret those as spacetime indices $\mu,\nu=0,1,2,3$.
Whereas if you do $g^{ij}$ I'll understand that as purely spatial indices $i,j=1,2,3$.
List of mathers and their expertise (not necessary maths) I know:
Semiclassical: Semiclassical approximations in condensed matter, complex analysis, real analysis, multivariable calculus, special functions
Balarka Sen: Topology, Manifolds, algebra geometry, transcendental numbers (something else big I forgot)
Alessandro Codenotti: Set theory, cardinals, ordinals, analysis
Steamyroot: Integrals, set theory, analysis (all types), abstract algebra (particularly polynomial rings), ordinals, projective geometry, differential equations, measure theory
2
@Daminark if $x:\Bbb R\to\Bbb R$ is the function $x(f)=f^3$, what is $\frac{\text{d}}{\text{d}f}x(f)$?
I definitely win with ?
I'd strike real analysis from that and trade you differential equations.
13:43
@Secret I spot a problem: you put me down as having some expertise.
b/c I really don't care about foundations of calculus that much.
@Secret I know pretty much nothing about set theory and ordinals :P
The whole, polar coordinates thing, it's fine to use and is convenient, but the fact that anyone can make sense of it is strictly contingent on a very religious use of r and theta. Otherwise, this is ambiguous
@Semiclassical you might say $f(r,\theta) = r^3$ if we are thinking about $f$ as a density
@Fargle Well you and s.harp are often seen answering finite field related questions and some group theory, I guess that counts?
13:44
@s.harp The main instance where I remember that being an issue is the Planck distribution
@Secret jasper?
@Secret My twin and I do quite enjoy abstract algebra.
i.e. it took me a while in undergrad to appreciate that $f(\lambda)\neq f(\nu)$ but rather $f(\lambda)\,d\lambda = f(\nu)\, d\nu$.
(there's also a sign change but w/e)
(fuck signs)
(sorry typo in the fargle reply)
13:45
(lol)
lol you're good, just teasing.
(i hate writing chemistry reports)
steamy and alessandro also tend to reply together which is why I sometimes mix up their expertise
Just work mod $2$, $+$ and $-$ are the same thing there.
@s.harp I just work in vector spaces over $\Bbb F_2$, it removes any sign issues.
13:46
@Secret I dont htink I have ever answered a finite field related question, I know almost nothing at all about abstract algebra
To paraphrase The Dead Kennedy's: "Sign nazis, sign nazis, sign nazis F*** OFF"
snipes Daminark's "SNIPED"
Seems like my baby Peter May image is actually taking hold. Gotta keep it up then
everything else breaks down in characteristic $2$, but the signs are nice so I guess it's worth it
@SteamyRoot No, second largest university.
13:47
@AlessandroCodenotti I mean, u rite
Rekt @Fargle, didn't even notice it until you pointed it out
@Daminark Then you got ultrasniped.
but I gues youare right, no finite fields
@Fargle Sniped.
I dunno if it's ultrasniping, like I wouldn't have said anything so it's sniping a civilian in this context
13:48
You will get this comment in the far future when you write "sniped"
2
The other thing I dislike about the "f(r,theta) notation is WRONG" attitude is that it produces a certain attitude for reading papers in other disciplines
@BalarkaSen Calm down Goedel, you're getting too meta for me.
namely "oh, those silly physicists/enginieers"
> Danu: Algebraic geometry, topology, (something else I never understood)
@Semiclassical Well, the thing is, I don't mind if I see this on a physics paper or exam or thesis.
13:49
Field theory.
yeah but I disagree with that attitude and still say oh those silly physicists
For that bracket statement, ask barlerka and Danu, cause it often involve both of them in the conversaton stream about some kind of high level manifold stuff
But, I like this one the most:
> Ted Shifrin: Any maths except one math field which I forgot the details
But if it's on a mathematics exam or thesis, I'm deducting grades.
13:51
I'm fine with people pointing out the limitations of the notation and where it becomes ambiguous. But then, a good physicist/engineer should already be aware of such.
I also wouldn't have complained about his if this was, like, the h bar. But it's the mathematics chatroom, so ;)
"Notation means what I want it to mean"
That comes to the crux of it, I think. It produces an attitude that physicists/engineers aren't "really" doing math.
I think schwinger said that when von neumann pointed out to him in some talk that his definition of unitary was not the same as what the word usually means
should i get up and go to the gym now or lay in bed for another 20
13:53
i would have done the latter
but i suggest the former
even though i don't believe my suggestion
I'd lay in bed. Which probably means you should get out of bed.
Normally I'd take bed on general principle but... I consciously know that gym is better
@Mike Why is any degree 3 alg. curve either a plane cubic or the twisted cubic?
every morning to get up I ask myself "do I want to stay in bed with my dreams or get up and chase them?". Just joking, I like the breakfast, cit.
@MikeMiller Lay in bed for another 40
13:54
@PVAL I don't actually know any algebraic geometry.
@MikeMiller I've been lied to.
Are you going off The List?
But, you're listed as an algebraic geometry expert, @MikeM.
Jason Bourne/Jasper the Loy: Languages, (but no particular maths field spotted)
Same @Steamy
13:56
I don't know what the twisted cubic is.
Image of $\Bbb P^1$ in $\Bbb P^3$ given by $(t, t^2, t^3)$ I think.
thats it in affine coords.
code, you should be studying
hi everyone, i'm Lorenzo, an alessandro classmate
he lies, I've never seen that person before in my life
13:58
Am I good enough at algebraic geometry to answer your question?
no probably not
It was a troll
that's what i guessed
This is neat: "Given six points in $\mathbb{P}^3$ with no four coplanar, there is a unique twisted cubic passing through them."
Makes me wonder what happens if four of them are coplanar.
then the variety has to contain that plane

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