I have a pretty stupid question. But I have the series from 1 to infinity. $$\cos^2(\frac{\pi}{n})$$ How exactly do I take the limit of this? I know that it's supposed to diverge. But I have no idea how to write it
In order to find the value I took $F =\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})$.
So,$F(\sqrt{6}) = \{a + b\sqrt{6} | a,b \in \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})\}$
So expanding the elements $a$ and $b$ as elements of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{2})$,
$= (a_{1} + b_{1}\sqrt{2}) +(a_{2}+b_{2}\sqrt{2})\sqrt{6}$
Solving a bit more gives me
...
In mathematics, the method of equating the coefficients is a way of solving a functional equation of two expressions such as polynomials for a number of unknown parameters. It relies on the fact that two expressions are identical precisely when corresponding coefficients are equal for each different type of term. The method is used to bring formulas into a desired form.
== Example in real fractions ==
Suppose we want to apply partial fraction decomposition to the expression:
1
x
(
x
...
So suppose you have two polynomials. These can only be equal for all $x$ if their difference is zero. But such a difference would itself be a poolynomial in $x$.
@Tim well, pretty good also, mainly because I just found out I did really well on a test that I had been preparing for during Easter:P (I even cancelled a family event to prepare for this test XD)
sorry, I don't want to give myself a pat on the shoulder :P or actually I just did XD ugh, never mind!
@user123733: The answer given in the problem is correct. Note that $z-z_1 = t(z_2-z_1)$, where $t$ is real. So the conjugates are related by the factor of $\bar t = t$. So the entries of the second row of the determinant are both $t$ times the entries on the first row. If you have $\left|\begin{matrix} a & b \\ ta & tb \end{matrix}\right|$, you get $0$.
Which is often why the TA stuff can be kind of a problem: I interact with my students in the second half of the week, and in the first half I end up trying to work on their grading by myself.
I only ever TA'd one time but there were a few of us grading since it was a slightly larger group, 30-40 students, so we often talked it out, which I found nice
Hello. I am reading a proof and it seems to hinge on the following fact, which I am having trouble proving: if p^a divides p^bm, where a > b, then p^a divides m. Is this statement true? How does one prove it?
@Semiclassic: I found it extremely helpful to schedule a regular meeting with my adviser (it was Friday mornings at 8 am). He was very generous to do that. But I had to have stuff to talk about and he had committed to being available to me at the time.
Fair enough, @Semiclassic. But you still want to finish your degree after all this work ... You have more options in the "real world" with the higher degree (and computer skills), most likely.
Hi, I am working on unweighted random graphs with $K$ vertices. When $K<\infty$, using the discrete $\sigma$-algebra looks like a good option. When $K=\infty$, however, there are infinitely many possible graphs. I wonder, does using a discrete $\sigma$-algebra somehow become a problem then?
Lots of people finish math Ph.D.s and don't pursue an academic career. There are various industry jobs. I'm sure the same is true (probably more so) in physics. Especially with all the biotech going on these days.
Of course, the Orange Cheeto wants to dismantle all of science. But this too shall pass.
Hello, i want to prove that in a metric space if $A$ is compact , $B$ is closed such that $A\cap B=\emptyset$ then $d(A,B)>0$. i want to prove this by contradiction if i suppose that $d(A,B)=0$ how to find a contradiction ? please
@MikeM: The OP that asked that question about codimension 2 submanifolds apparently doesn't really know what Euler classes are. Sigh. And he was originally concerned about the ambient space being $\Bbb R^n$ rather than a general manifold.
so if I'm living in the US, and someone tells me "Delaware", without having any knowledge of the context how do I tell if they meant the US state or the city?
@Astyx thank you, i apply the caracterisation of $\inf$ i found that $$\forall n>0, \exists (a_n)\subet A, (b_n)\subset B, d(a_n,b_n)\leq \frac{1}{n}$$ As $A$ is compact there exists a convergent subsequence $(a_{n_k})$ but what to do to $(b_n)$ ? please
Given a linear transformation $L\in\hom_{\mathbb R}(V,v)$, we define $L_\beta^\beta\in\mathbb K^{n\times n}$ as the unique matrix, such that $$ \forall v\in V:\quad co_\beta(L(v))=L_\beta^\beta co_b(v). $$ The proof is simple (i.e., the columns of $L_\beta^\beta$ are the coordinate vectors of the images of the basis vectors), however, how do we know a priori that such a matrix exists?
why would you use $v$ for a vector space if $V$ is already a vector space. how is $L_\beta^\beta$ a matrix; wouldn't you write $L_\alpha^\beta$ or something? what does $co_\beta$ mean? what is $b$?
1. Same as hyperoperations $H_n(a,b)$. ("n-tation)" $a\{1\}b=a^b$ $a\{n\}b=a\{n-1\}(a\{n\}b-1)$
2. Multiexpansion (hyperoperation on itself with the rank/index obtained b times) $a\{\{1\}\}b=a\{(a\{()\}b-1)\}$ $a\{c\}^d b=a\{c-1\}^d (a\{\}^d (b-1))$, where $d $counts the number of curly brackets/expansions
3. Linear notation $a\{c\}^d b=\{a,b,c,d\}$
Now consider:
Sorry, slight typo:
$a\{\{1\}\}b=a\{(a\{a\}b-1)\} 1$
$\{a,b,c,d\}=a\{c\}^d b= a \{c-1\}^d (a\{c\}^d (b-1))$
Simple art's latest question on the ordinal collapsing function arose my interest on understanding how fast the fixed points for recursive functions grow, in particular, in the transfinite domain
As discussed with him earlier, there are different "Tiers" (precise term to be found later) where the limit ordinals are located.
I am interested in a function that evaluates the first member of each Tier