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The decimal numbers from [0,1] are iid random variables on {0,1,2...,9} ?
that too they are uniformly distributed ?
How this came?any idea
I think so
Like, to choose a random real from $[0,1]$, you can choose infinitely many digits from 0 to 9, each choice being uniform, independent, and identical
and we don't need to worry about the $.1\bar9=.20$ thing because the odds of getting a decimal ending in infinitely many zeros or nines is 0
So, yeah, I think so
00:43
"decimal" is technically not a type of number, it's a way of representing a number. any number in [0,1] may be represented in decimal. the numbers in the interval [0,1] form a set, not a random variable.
You can make a random variable out of $[0,1]$ by choosing one uniformly at random, right?
presumably you mean if X is drawn from [0,1] uniformly at random, then the individual digits of X are independent identically distributed random variables which are uniform in {0,...,9}
Which is true, right?
of course.
And, conversely, if you choose digits like that, put them together to form a decimal, and then find the real it corresponds to, it's the same as choosing a number from [0,1] at random
00:45
The decimal numbers from [0,1] is not a way to say "the digits of a random variable with uniform distribution on [0,1]"
I am discussing language
ok will take care from next time about calling them numbers when actually they are representations .
ok @AkivaWeinberger thanks.
that wasn't really the big issue...
Hmm
Just came upon an IRL issue
yup@arctictern
@BalarkaSen lol that it's sold in a tin can you can't see inside
00:54
Given a (filled, non-self-intersecting, non-convex) polygon, what is the minimal set of composing polygons such that a) their union is equal to the original polygon and b) their polygonal diameter is no more than a constant $D$?
And I'll have to implement this in Mathematica
@MikeMiller apparently someone exhibited an opened can, but only to find there's a smaller can inside
you can't even know if this shit is shit or not
02:11
@BalarkaSen The worlds greatest troll.
03:02
I resolved this question to: $P = 3y + 2x$
I rewrote $Area = xy = 5000$ to $y = \frac{15000}{x}$
got derivative of P, and ended up with $\frac{-15000}{x^2}+2 = 0$ which forces me to use imaginary numbers, and so i think i did something wrong
Hey @Mike!
03:20
sorry let me tidy that up first
03:38
hi
How's it going?
SOMEONE COMMENT FOR ME BECAUSE I NEED 50 POINTS:
http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2209396/help-drawing-the-function-frac100120e-0-23t

"Grade 11 math, start from t=0 , and substitute and greater value for t each time and plot away until you have a visualy graph!"
@AskYourself who is $answered Jan 14$ and why is akiva a slut for them at 22:20 ?
@WillNjundong what's that operating system called? :o
04:19
@CausingUnderflowsEverywhere lmao not the kind of question I was ever expecting in here, but it's called Linux Mint. Linux for the Win!
And I hope you do know that underflows aren't a thing ;)
It's too bad what you don't know
I mean I get that yes it exists, but it's hard to introduce that error unintentionally :D
I got underflows when I was messing with buffers
if you visit superuser's chat then you'll see they have underflows very frequently
ask them about it
aaahhh i see where you come from now
oh really?
I honestly have never seen anyone produce that type of error, and I've been involved in quite a few projects
guess im not kicking the right sacks :p
[to be done] Find a topology such that a given point in the set X is always near to every point in the set. Preliminary: Expect the topology should be highly non T1
-> omnipresence expressed in mathematical analogy
04:39
@Secret If the closure of every point is the whole space then the space has the indiscrete topology.
05:20
@AkivaWeinberger Perhaps you can answer this: How do you prove that, for an integer $n$, $z^n$ is the same $e^{n\log(z)}$ ? $z^n$ is iterated multiplication of $z$, while $e^{n\log(z)}$ resorts to the definition of the principal branch of the logarithm. For real numbers, the equality follows from the functional equality $\ln(ab)=\ln(a)+\ln(b)$ which yields $\ln(a^n)=n\ln(a)$, hence $a^n=e^{n\ln a}$.
05:54
@Daminark was HL useful. Did it help prepare you for uni in any way? Or was it's level too simplistic​
06:11
@Neev So I'll say that I'm coming to UChicago, and in this particular case IB almost/sorta was better for me than AP
I was able to absorb the idea of a proof somewhat faster since IB is marginally more proof-ish than AP in some respects
And while I was behind in terms of content because I just didn't learn integration well
In Chicago, they kinda restart everyone to Spivak, so prior calc background wasn't terribly influential unless you had way more than AP/IB anyway
If you are to go somewhere that does math in a more, computational calc 1 + 2 + multi + linalg, you'll be slightly behind the AP kids, since they get immediate credit while IB often doesn't
The reason is because if you do well in IB, thanks to the topic mixup this doesn't specify, you might've done the algebra option, did gloriously well on a number theory IA, and got every non-calc question correct, then did the worst you possibly could've on the calc questions while still maintaining a 7
On the flip side, you might've understood calculus and anything you need to know to understand it perfectly, and screwed up on stuff like stats and vectors to bring you down
They can't really map it onto individual courses nicely, so they tend not to give credit. Then you really want to supplement so that you can try to place out of things
Sorry for the rant, tl;dr, meh
meh :-)
Hey @skull!
Hi pal. If you throw physics into that mix you're gonna get a lot of overlap.
Oh yeah IB Physics is ultra merp
I thought I was a hotshot in physics in high school since I did well in IB
n o p e
hi
stupid question
06:22
np askaway
are reflexive vs self-dual same . . . please don't tell anyone I asked this
What's self-dual
Adjective: self-dual
  1. (mathematics, in projective geometry) Of a proposition that is equivalent to its dual.
  2. (mathematics) Of a graph or polyhedron that is the dual of itself....
Reflexive is a property I usually hear applied to Banach spaces
Or well
Vector spaces more generally
yeah
In the area of mathematics known as functional analysis, a reflexive space is a Banach space (or more generally a locally convex topological vector space) that coincides with the continuous dual of its continuous dual space, both as linear space and as topological space. Reflexive Banach spaces are often characterized by their geometric properties. == Reflexive Banach spaces == Suppose X {\displaystyle X} is a normed vector space over the number field F = R ...
The answer to that is no
06:24
When Physicists say self-dual, what do they mean
If something is isometrically isomorphic to its dual space, then it's automatically reflexive
But consider $L^p$
Where $1 < p < \infty$ and $p\ne 2$
Those spaces are reflexive but not isometrically isomorphic to their dual
If you haven't seen Lebesgue stuff yet (I haven't), then consider $\ell^p$
Recall the reflexive property of equality: if a is a real number, then a = a. @Cows
@skullpetrol lol ok
sorry, I didn't mean to sound condescending :-)
@Daminark just so I can be confident can you elaborate more on "isometrically isomorphic" are you saying length preserving isomorphisms, can you paint the picture a bit more? again, just want to be sure I am not painting the wrong picture in my head lol
or same length
06:31
So say you have normed spaces $X$ and $Y$
ok I am thinking L^2
L2
$f:X\to Y$ is an isometry if $\|f(x)\|_Y = \|x\|_X$
So isometric isomorphism is that + linear bijection
(Isometry guarantees injection so you only need to explicitly show surjectivity)
perfect! got it
are reflexive vs self-dual same . . . please don't tell anyone I asked this
pings everyone to tell them you asked this
06:38
Don't worry pal your secret is safe us :-)
hehehe thank god
:D
@Daminark aahhhh crap. Knew I should've​ done Calc BC while I had the time. Well junior year now and no time for APs. Thanks anyway. Guess just work harder
Does AP mean advanced placement?
Guys does anyone have some advice on how to find a curve with curvature (1/s) at every s>0 ?
A circle of that radius @John
At least I think
And yeah @skull
06:51
A circle has a constatnt curvature
Oh you mean like, a single curve
Yeah.
Maybe a spiral?
I tried a spiral of multiplying the circle by (1/s)
but it doesn't work.
What?
06:53
A helix?
"A spiral of multiplying the circle"
(t cos t, t sin t)
Maybe some space filling curve
Like a limit of spirals or I dunno
Also what's $s$ in this context?
Integer?
real number >0
Oh, so you don't need to say $\frac{1}{s}$, just for any $s$
06:58
Well thinking about it I'm not sure, maybe I'm looking a bit too much into it.
It says find a planar curve that's arclength parametrized, and it's curvature is $\frac{1}{s}$ for $s>0$.
I was presuming I'm supposed to find a specific parametrization from $(0,\mathbb{R}) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^2$, such that it's arc-length parametrized and it's curvature is always (1\s)$
07:23
Noun: curvature (plural curvatures)
  1. The shape of something curved.
  2. (mathematics) The extent to which a subspace is curved within a metric space.
  3. (differential geometry) The extent to which a Riemannian manifold is intrinsically curved.
  4. curvature f
  5. plural of curvatura
(2 more not shown…)
Nevermind I figured it out, just have to solve a differential equation.
some more silly questions
lattice vs moduli space
ok scratch what i asked, got super confused reading something
It was a super dumb question.
08:31
$〈m_1,m_2,m_3 \cdots m_t〉$
Which notion is this and what it means?
Hi everyone : )
I would suppose the G.C.D but then the statement is trivial.
So perhaps its the L.C.M.
To clarify, I'm talking about the greatest common divisor and the least common multiple respectively
@TimTheEnchanter thanks
anyone active to help me with calculus?
08:47
Hit me
Find the greatest volume that a right circular cylinder can have if it is inscribed in a sphere of radius 20 cm.
The volume of a right circular cylinder is given by

$V = \pi r^2 h$

Thus, you can only vary the parameters r and h.

This sounds like a Lagrange multiplier problem.
I have no idea what that is, but maybe it has been mentioned in class. I havent been attending
Is this Calc 1?
08:53
Oooh, that question
I give that one in my calc course too :O
lol
do you have a solution sheet stored that you could share, perhaps?
I only have handwritten solutions
i have a hearing loss and sitting in class does nothing for me, so i have to figure this stuff out myself ;)
perfect
Anyway, the idea is: you'll want the center of the cylinder to be the center of the sphere
Thats what works best
08:54
and you want the cylinder to touch the sphere
(OK, then it's probably even easier to just assume a certain symmetry...)

Center your cylinder.

The radius of the sphere can bound the edges of your cylinder. Try to find a relationship between h and r.
yup, drew a diagram for that
Draw a line from the center to where the cylinder touches the sphere
and draw a radius of the cylinder starting from the center
from that i ended up with $V = \pi r^2 \sqrt {4R^2 - 4r^2} $ where R is radius of sphere and r is radius of cylinder
i rewrote h, and then ended up stuck with that
equating to zero leaves me with two variables still :(
You only have one variable anymore, since $R$ is fixed
08:58
OH WOW
i completely forgot lol
omg i kick myself for dumb mistakes like this :)
That should say "Find dV / dh"
hey guys. are Gilbert Strang's online lectures the best for learning the basics of linear algebra?
i want to revise linear algebra, but my book sucks, so I was thinking of just following lectures online
Thank you for your helps guys! at least i can sleep in peace now
@Sha No idea if they're good or not (I never followed any online lectures), but whether they're the best is something very subjective and probably varies from person to person :P
Out of curiosity: what book are you using?
@SteamyRoot oh shit, you're from Belgium aren't ya?
09:08
yup
because... the book I don't like, is Belgian XD
Paul Igodt & Wim Veys
ahahahahahahaha
XDXD
I think I'm just biased because it isn't in English
The first author is like, pretty much my boss.
I just like to read my math in English :P
OMG really
cool!
did you have that book as well?
oh wait
of course XD
sorry I'm slow today
09:09
Actually, I didn't
oh, that's interesting
The book was only published the year after I did linalg
ahh alright
I usually don't like online lectures if it's for new material, but I do like it if it's for revising old material
Well, one thing I can say about the book is that it might not be the greatest book for self-study; or if you have a bad lecturer
We tend to consider books as "supplementary material" for lectures
you mean my book? because yea, it was horrible to learn from
it's rather a nice book once you've already learned most of it
oh and that's funny, because I consider lectures supplementary material for books :P
09:15
I can imagine the book doesn't lend itself well to that approach, sadly :/
Well, sadly, this also means I don't have any first-hand experience with other introductory linear algebra books, so I'm afraid I can't help here
You could try Ted's book, but it's probably very geometric in nature
is it available online?
i think Gilbert Strang's lectures will be fine tho
Pretty sure Ted mentioned it was "available online if you know where to look"
hahahah! omg :P
that sounds very much like sth he would say XD
I'm not interested in books though. I think I'm just going to stick with Gilbert Strang's lectures for now, because that seems to be my best bet
09:54
We got an heretic here, Neo, show him what's up
10:16
someone justifies that 2 + 2 is not equal to 4 by saying "2 inches + 2 feet is neither 4 inches nor 4 feet.....mic drop!"
What do I reply?
"learn a proper system of units" ?
I replied "When you add two quanties, they need to have the same units to be added numerically. If they are not, you need to convert them to the same units. 2 inches + 2 feet is not the same as 2 + 2. I feel so bad for you."
He replied "2 in + 2 feet is 14 inches. Still not 4"
what do I say next?
To me, this sounds like an argument so childish it's not worth replying to
i would say "on your bike"
Yea, I am going to stop.
10:20
@Secret glad you could join us :)
oh yes, partytime :D
I just literally arrive on chat when I open my mac
so be prepared I have absolutely no idea what just happened until I read the trasncript
Help...Johnny is designing a rectangular poster to contain $12 in^2$ of printing with a 2 in margin at the top and bottom and a 6​-in margin at each side. What overall dimensions will minimize the amount of paper​ used?
not bad i'd say
@WillNjundong did you try to actually cut real paper and try it out by brute force?
10:39
yes i did @Alucard somehow i still ended up with the wrong answer. i know this is supposed to be one of the easy ones, but i've been up all night, im exhausted, and this is due in 2 hours
this is a function
take thew deriviative and find the minimum
$wh = 12$
$(w+6)(h+8)$
$(12/h + 6)(h+8)$
$12+ 96/h +6h + 48$
simplified that, took derivative
now equalling that with 0, to find the minimum :)
or to be precise, to find the place of the minimum
solved for zeroes, ended up with $h = \sqrt\frac{96}{6}$
which is 4
then insert that into the function
f(4)=?
10:44
OHHHH THAT'S THE PART I OMMITTED
*sighhh
so annoyed at this course rn
make a ":D" smiley under your work
in red
your teacher will understand
lmao this is in MyMathLab, a shitty online interface
@LeGrandDODOM Polar form maybe
and our professor isnt cool like that lol
then i'd suggest you visit him personally
let's see what he got to say
10:48
well i sent him an email a couple of hours ago asking to see him during office hours to see if there's anything i can do to save my grade
only courses I care about and give attention to are my CS courses. I find everything else uninteresting :(
that sounds like you need some music, maybe get unplugged?
i wish you a very wonderful day :D
heh, no time to chill like that. I play choral music while studying and it helps me focus somewhat. Got a history midterm tomorrow, and I'll have to go rereading a bunch of boring books :(
i had promised myself yesterday that i would sleep early, but here i am lol. and thank you :D you too!
11:26
Quick question, does anyone know how to simplify this product of binomial coefficients?

$$\sum_{m = -\frac{N}{2}}^{\frac{N}{2}} \binom{N}{\frac{N}{2} + m}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{m = - \frac{N}{2}}^{\frac{N}{2}}\binom{N}{\frac{N}{2} + m +2}^{\frac{1}{2}}$$

Thanks for any assistance.
holy sh...
descendant factorials would be my idea, but honestly i got no idea
The manufacturer of Zbars estimates that 500 units per month can be sold if the unit price is ​$225 and that sales will increase by 10 units for each​ $5 decrease in price. Write an expression for the price​ p(n) and the revenue​ R(n) if n units are sold in one​ month, n≥ 500.
thats the last one and i've got about 15 minutes left. Im not sure what is being asked of me
11:42
Trinity, i'll need your help
ok, what you got @WillNjundong anything, have you wrote anything?
no, i am looking for instructions online lol\
im to tired now to come up with something for this
:D
i better run now
could p(n) possibly be .5n + 225?
turns out answer was 475 - n/2
wonder where the 475 came from
ill attemt another for that point
lol @Alucard I ended up figuring out how they were getting their answers by experimenting (dividing and multiplying) with numbers involved in the problem and working my way backwards to their answer. I saved the steps, and just did the same thing with my last attempt and it got me the right answer. I still don't understand the question. RIP me, i have a ways to go.
12:05
Does anyone know how to simplify this $$\sum_{m = 0}^{N} \binom{N}{m}^{\frac{1}{2}} \sum_{m = 0}^{N}\binom{N}{m+2}^{\frac{1}{2}}$$
12:40
Hi all hallelooyah!
Hey there.
yo :D
how's everyone's day going so far
Pretty hard and sometimes sleepy
Tell me about it. This is the 11th night in a row Im breaking my promise to sleep like a normal person lol
nah you should take rest.
@zhoraster Thank you for the answer.
13:34
Does this room discuss predicate logic questions?
Oooh, Sabaton :3
Hey everyone!
14:01
yo @Daminark
14:27
Here is the question I am working on: If g is a function defined on the open interval (a,b) such that a < g(x) < x for all x in (a,b), then g is nonconstant. Would the following proof work? Suppose that g(x) = c for all x in (a,b). Then a < c < x < b for every x in (a,b), implying that c in (a,b). Hence, x= c yields a contradiction.
So I'm making a new song, does anyone here want to listen to its preview?
0
Q: Prove that the maximum total resistance of two parallel resistors is when the resistors are equal

Vedant ChandraTaking the two resistors as $x$ and $y$, I have to prove that resistance is maximum when $x = y$. The total resistance is given by $$\frac{xy}{x+y}\ $$ Differentiating and equating for zero, I get $$ \frac{y^{2}}{(x+y)^{2}}=0\ $$ which has no sensible solutions that help me. What am I doing wron...

I'm teaching a friend differential calculus, but this question on a problem sheet has stumped both of us. The answer seems obvious, but I've tried everything from Wolfram Alpha to sleeping on it, to no avail.
I feel like I'm missing something very simple.
@VedantChandra there must be a condition on $x$ and $y$?
as in their sum might be constant?
@SoumyoB That's exactly what I was expecting from the question, since then it gives a relation between X and Y that I can use. But it doesn't
Am I right in assuming the question is unsolvable without some constant relation between the two?
yes
otherwise you could just take both of them to be infinite
and the total resistance would then be infinite too
14:35
Yes exactly, I found that if the limit of one tends to infinity, the total resistance is the resistance of the other one.
Alright, thank you so much
Shall delete the question
So, would someone mind critiquing my proof typed above?
14:47
I have left my question up with an edit
Because I'm curious as to how a solution may be found in the general case
With no constant relation between x and y
15:04
The answer's logic for partial differentiation makes sense to me, I just read up on partial derivatives as well
But it implies x = y = 0
The =0 part is the issue
It also seems to imply x+y=xy but I don't see how that helps. That's not true even when x = y
15:16
The zero part is due to the fact that x or y being zero corresponds to the minima.
But its no use because we are looking for the maxima
Which we know to be unbounded
16:12
mmh, dipping sounds like a good idea
dipping into absolutely everything
and therefore into math
A plane A goes up 500m and starts its flight from the point A(1, 2, 0.5).
It is flying on a straight line with constant speed and after one hour it is at the point B(31, 42, 0.5).

A plane B is when plane A starts on the point C(12, 25, 0.3).
Its path is described by x= (12, 25 , 0.3) +s* (-80 , 60, -4), where s is in hours.

Is the flight path of the plane A x= (1, 2 ,0.5)+t* (30, 40 ,0) ?

Now I want to find where and when the planes will meet each other.

So, (12, 25 , 0.3) +s* (-80 , 60, -4) = (1, 2 ,0.5)+t* (30, 40 ,0).
Hello @TimTheEnchanter !! Do you have an idea about my question?
16:41
Hi@TedShifrin
Hi @BAYMAX.
I am still struggling with important theorems of differential equations
like existence uniqueness
Hi @Ted! :-)
Picards Lindelof
Hi @Danu
16:42
I have a short exact sequence $0\to \Bbb Z \to H^k(X;\Bbb Z) \to \Bbb Z_2 \to 0$. What do I conclude about $H^k(X;\Bbb Z)$?
Any reference where I can appreciate the theorem andd proof
@BAYMAX: What is your math background?
Hi @TedShifrin
I am now in masters but have never used these theorems in practice
@TedShifrin
used in numerical analysis
I am very fond of Hirsch-Smale's book on differential equations, dynamical systems, @BAYMAX.
16:43
@MaryStar Your method is correct, so either the question is unrealistic or your calculations are incorrect.
Hi @TimTheEnchanter.
@Danu: What do you think?
@TedShifrin I want it to be $\Bbb Z$---ohhhh wait a second
Ok@TedShifrin , thanks
It has to be $\Bbb Z$, doesn't it... I was afraid that $\Bbb Z\oplus \Bbb Z_2$ would be possible
but of course it isn't
great
16:45
I'm wrong? :P
Nooooo
multiplication by 2 for the map Z into it works
and I don't see any other options
But if you tensor with $\Bbb Z_2$ the dimension of the middle vector space has to be the sum of the dimensions.
So...?
So, $1\ne 1+1$.
16:47
I'm confused by this
Yeah, me too.
So you're saying it embeds onto the first factor of Z+Z_2?
I'm sick, so my brain is mush. Let me think.
(the result HAS to be Z, according to Kotschick; I'm just trying to understand)
If I take it to be $\Bbb Z\oplus \Bbb Z_2$, I think the map $1\mapsto (1,0)\mapsto 0$ works, if I send $(0,1)\mapsto 1$
Yeah, so tensoring with $\Bbb Z_2$, the sequence is no longer exact if the map is multiplication by $2$. ...
So there are two options. $\Bbb Z$, $\Bbb Z\oplus\Bbb Z_2$. You need more info to decide.
16:51
damnit
Sometimes you know that cohomology can't have torsion in it.
The expert is here.
o/ Hi mike
@MikeM: Rafe Mazzeo asked about you again last night.
Also, I didn't realize before today that having an injective homomorphism into $\Bbb Z$ forces the group to be $\Bbb Z$ (or trivial)
That's nice. I don't think I made much of an impression. I think I told him I liked his uniformization paper.
16:53
There are no nontrivial homomorphisms from finite groups to $\Bbb Z$.
(I love his uniformization paper.)
Hi @PVAL
@Ted Should I read Hirsch-Smale?
That was not directed at you, @MikeM.
16:55
I told my adviser I wanted to finish the writing I am doing near to the end of this year (meaning the school year).
That's not very long.
instantly "you mean calendar year right?"
How much writing is there to do?
I know. Nonetheless, I don't know much ynamical systems and have been looking to learn some.
16:56
For the work I am doing now
ha @MikeMiller actually the book was directed to me by @TedShifrin
@Ted Well I'm rewriting something about 15 pages
You might find the level of Nitecki's book more appropriate, @MikeM.
Well, unless there's a giant chasm in there, @PVAL, your goal seems possible. But Bob has knowledge that I don't :P
Thanks for the pointer.
He's talked about how he spent a lot of time writing certain papers
like 3-4 years after he felt he completely understood all the work.
16:58
@PVAL I've been telling myself I was going to be done with this in the next three months for a year.
Actually I am interested in finding resources in mathematics interactive , animations ,lectures ,notes ,books , manga , sites ,MSE
Well, that philosophy is great, @PVAL, but it doesn't help you getting a Ph.D. written.
@BAYMAX: I am not acquainted with what is available on-line.
it is ok@TedShifrin
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