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00:00
@Ted I'm pretty sure its trivial. It should correspond to $(2,2)$ in $\pi_1(SO(2)) \times \pi_1(SO(2))$.
Which is 0 inside $\pi_1(SO(4))$.
(through the correspondence coming from clutching functions).
@Mike TS^2 \oplus TS^2 is trivial right?
I'm forgetting the argument.
Yeah your argument is correct. You can check SW numbers if you want.
There all 0 that doesn't help
0 wait nvm I'm being silly
the nontrivial one has w_2\ne 0.
@amWhy: the first thing you need to do is to open a gravatar.com account.
00:16
Hey ! :D Did anyone miss me ?
hi @KajHansen
Hi everyone
00:36
Can someone help me do a probability homework problem
sure @Simple
@AliCaglayan Thanks. The question is Let Y be a Poisson $\lambda$ random variable, and define $X=I_{[Y>]}$, fine $E(|Y-X|)$
and find the conditional mass function of Y given X
@Simple What is $I_{[Y>]}$?
@AliCaglayan a typo, that should be $I_{[Y>0]}$, an indicator function
When is Y < 0 anyway?
I is only 0 when Y = 0
The probability of Y being 0 is easy to find
00:48
Y is Poisson, a Poisson distribution only take non-negative value
exactly so X is only 0 when Y is
When Y is 0, P(X=0) = e^-lambda
So E[Y-X]=(1-e^-lambda)(E[Y]-1)
or something like that
Should we separate into two cases, since we are looking for the expectation of $|Y-X|$
00:55
I don't know how to calculate that
So after conversing with friends, we realized that the way to homotope a curve to the circle is by $H(t,s) = \frac{\|c(t)\|}{1-s+s\|c(t)\|}$
@AliCaglayan how do we determine when Y> X and Y<X
user228700
Hello, everyone :-)
user228700
I have a quick question about the existence of the limit of a function.
user228700
01:06
My textbook says that the limit of a function exists if L.H.L=R.H.L=Finite value but it also explicitly notes the following:
user228700
> "Note that we aren't interested in knowing about what happens at that point"
user228700
Why is it that we're not interested about what happens at the point?
@Kaumudi.H, consider $f(x) = 1$ when $x \neq 0$ and $0$ when $x = 0$
Really, the function eval at $x=0$ could be anything
We still have $\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} f(x) = 1$
Now, if we're going to talk about continuity, what happens at that point would matter
As continuity means limit exists and is equal to function eval
user228700
Hmm, OK, that makes sense.
@Kaumudi.H you can look at $\sin(1/x)$ when $x$ approaches to 0
user228700
01:11
@Simple OK..?
user228700
@Kaj: Thank you :-)
Glad I could help!
01:27
@KajHansen I have an interesting distribution for rank
This is the rank of groups of order 128
It peaks at 4
So I wonder if I accumulated this for all groups, would the expected rank be around 3.5?
@Ali, reminded me of a fact I found a while back: something like 95% of groups of order $\leq 1024$ are of order $1024$.
@Daminark: That formula isn't right. You need a vector output, not a scalar.
Sorry the norm on top was a mistake
It's $\frac{c(t)}{1-s+s\|c(t)\|}$
Right. And you need to argue that the denominator is never 0.
I think it might be. So this might not be valid.
@TedShifrin ! I was waiting for you
01:37
Why is that, @Maks? I'm only here for a few moments, actually.
Do you have a good book to re-learn analysis ?
How hard a book? There's everything from Spivak's Calculus to Rudin.
derivatives, series,sequences,taylor,integrals, multiple integrals, derivatives on parts, 2D and 3D space, multiple variables function, level curves, and all that
Oh, multivariable, too.
Mmh, something like basic-medium ?
01:39
For multivariable, there's Ted's book of course. And Hubbard & Hubbard isn't horrible either.
Hmm. People like Abbott as a single-variable source that's easier.
Actually, I think Hubbard & Hubbard is not nearly as good, @Kaj, but I'm biased.
Basic-medium might be covered by, say, Div,Grad,Curl and All That? Won't be as complete as you want though
@TedShifrin you wrote a book ?
They go off the deep end with idiosyncrasy.
No, he wants analysis, not engineering vector calculus.
I would like a book with many examples if possible
01:40
Oh, maybe not.
Fair enough
Or with exercises and its solutions
I learn much more on the practice than on the theory
You won't find books with solutions to exercises.
Right.
I need one for vector calculus too
Subspaces, linear transformations and auto vectors...
@Maks, this is going to sound a little sketchy, and you'd be right, but there are truly some decent YouTube lecture series with tons of examples.
01:41
But for multivariable stuff, you might try out my YouTube lectures and see if you like that. There's computations and proofs of theorems.
@TedShifrin oh... how bad
My lectures have linear algebra and multivariable all mixed up, and you can always ask Kaj for help with exercises :P
@KajHansen I've checked khan academy's ones, but they are like reaaaaaaally slow and dull
(There aren't exercises in the videos, though ... sadly.)
@Maks, I agree re: Khan Academy. There are a number of alternatives I'm sure.
01:42
I need to head out now, but another decent analysis text (again, no solutions) is by Wade at U Tennessee. He covers single and multivariable analysis.
Ok then, lets change the question, what do you think is the best way to learn math offschool ?
@Ted I don't think the denominator can ever be 0. $s$ only runs from 0 to 1.
Esp. if MathDoctorBob has a series on that. He has some fantastic stuff for algebra and representation theory
But can't you have $\|c(t)\| = (1-s)/s$ for some $s$, @Daminark?
@Daminark: I think you should think about a line segment joining two points.
OK, I'm outta here. Bye, all.
No, you can't, $\|c(t)\| > 0$
Alright, see you @Ted
Actually hmm... I'm gonna get chalk and be sure, I might be messing up here
Yeah so if $1-s+s\|c(t)\| = 0$, then $\|c(t)\| = \frac{s-1}{s} \le 0$, which is impossible, so I think this works. Anyway, I'll confer with the others, so see you around, chat!
 
2 hours later…
03:23
Since I am trying to get the bounty room going, perhaps a reasonable thing could be to promote it here. So here is link to the relevant meta post and here is the room.
@SteamyRoot Personally, I think it is reasonable to start with a smaller bounty. Because if you do not get a satisfactory answer and you want to add bounty to the same question again, you have to double the previous bounty until you reach 500.
It's easier to double 50 reputation points and post a new bounty for 100 than, say, start with 200 and then the next bounty will require you to use 400 reputation points.
But I agree with what you said: "Even so, I'd say bounties don't attract that much attention." Meta: How effective are bounties?
Hello there
Can someone help me with a question? I'm trying to prove that the only $r$ that satisfies $r = 2^{r-1},\,r \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ is 1
@LucasHenrique From binomial theorem you have $2^{r-1} \ge 1+(r-1)$ for any positive integer.
The above are the first two terms of the binomial expansions, namely $\binom{r-1}0$ nad $\binom{r-1}1$.
If $r>1$, you will have at least one additional summand there, and the inequality will be strict.
Sorry, if $r>2$ (i.e., $r-1>1$), then you will have more than two summands there.
@LucasHenrique Or maybe easier approach is to show by mathematical induction that $2^{r-1}>r$ for $r\ge3$.
You can probably find a few similar question on the mains site.
I actually got to that from $2^{r-1} \geq r$
The main problem was to prove that the only number that satisfies $x^y = y^x = n$ is 16
03:39
@LucasHenrique Again, there must be many posts about this on the main site. This one seems to have several good answers: $x^y = y^x$ for integers $x$ and $y$
I know that it's easy to prove that, but I wanted to prove that on my own :p (never saw a proof before)
I don't understand what you mean by $x^{y} = y^{x} = n$ is only satisfied by 16.
hi, i am new to doing proofs for theory of algorithms, and would like some help on how to approach this question: suppose that w exist in T*, prove that (w*w^R)^R = w * w^R
@LucasHenrique I am not sure it is that easy. As one of the answers mentions, it appeared on Putnam contest. So I guess that is not such trivial problem, if it was included in that competition.
There are some Putnam problems that are easy
(If you have a solid background in the subject)
03:46
Well, different people probably call different problems easy.
$r = 2^{r-1}$
$2r = 2^{r}$
$2r = e^{r \log 2}$
$2r * e^{-r \log 2} = 1$
$-r \log 2 * e^{-r \log 2} = \frac{-\log 2}{2}$
$-r \log 2 = - \log 2$
$r = 1$
always nice to find an excuse to use the lambert W function
@Nightmare Perhaps showing these two things would help: (a^R)^R=a and (ab)^R=b^Ra^R. I suppose that you can show that they hold for any word in the given alphabet by induction of the length of the word.
Oh, I have an interesting problem (if you guys want to solve it)
I'll post it in the site
hit me up
i need to procrastinate on my own math anyhow
0
Q: Prove that there are at least 100 pairs of usable boots

Lucas HenriqueA store has 200 boots of size A, 200 boots of size B and 200 boots of size C. In these 600 boots, 300 are of the left foot and 300 are of the right foot. Knowing that usable pairs of boots have the same size and are for different feet, prove that it's possible to find at least 100 pairs of usable...

(I don't know what tags to use, please suggest)
03:56
@MartinSleziak thanks that made it clear :D
combinatorics defo
this is one of those problems that are very easy but hard to put into words
@SAWblade exactly xD
That question was on the book chapter of the pidgeonhole principle
The answer is totally incomprehensible
 
2 hours later…
05:42
@LucasHenrique Since you ask about tags, there is also a tag . And since you said it is from a book, adding the source of the problem to the question would probably be nice. Adding context is mentioned in the post on How to ask a good question?
06:02
I have tried to google for "200 boots" "pigeonhole principle". It seems that either the book is not in Google Books or I should have tried a different search query.
Searching for left right boots gets a few more hits, including some hits in Google Books.
So it seems that this problem appears in Mathematical Circles: (Russian Experience) on page 37 with solution on page 225.
06:28
@Daminark: Yeah, I think I messed up a sign. Apologies.
06:42
hello, can someone help me
0
Q: question about derivative on $\mathbb{R}^N$

VrouvrouWhat is equal to this derivative please $$\frac{\partial A^i}{\partial p_j}$$ where $A\equiv \phi(|\nabla u(x)|)\nabla u(x)$ and $A:\mathbb{R}^N\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^N$ and $p=\nabla u(x):\mathbb{R}^N\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^N$ $A^i=\phi(|p|)p_i$ Thank you

i have a problem with this derivative
please
07:21
Ah, don't sweat it @Ted
07:59
@PVAL-inactive I am not used to these computations, so just as a sanity check; why is this 0 in $\pi_1$(SO(4))? The clutching function for TS^2 $\oplus$ TS^2 is f(z) = [z^2, 0; 0, z^2], so the nullhomotopy is f(tz) = [tz^2, 0; 0, tz^2], right?
I think there should be an indirect argument. TS^2 is O(2), so TS^2 $\oplus$ TS^2 is $O(2) \oplus O(2) = (O(1) \otimes O(1)) \oplus (O(1) \otimes O(1)) = (O(1) \oplus O(1)) \otimes O(1)$. Now by Euler sequence $O(1) \oplus O(1)$ is $O(2) \oplus \Bbb C$ - which is trivial because it's just $TS^2 \oplus \nu$.
So the whole thing is trivial.
please what is equal to $$\frac{\partial p_i}{\partial p_j}$$ where $p=\nabla u(x)$
08:37
are such numbers a thing? $a$ satisfies $a=b$ and $a=c$, but $b\not=c$?
08:59
102
Q: Are there real-life relations which are symmetric and reflexive but not transitive?

000Inspired by Halmos (Naive Set Theory) . . . For each of these three possible properties [reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity], find a relation that does not have that property but does have the other two. One can construct each of these relations and, in particular, a relation that is ...

 
1 hour later…
10:00
@Socrates Nothing satisfies that unless you redefine equality (which seems like a bad idea)
10:31
why not give a number the property of having two distinct values?
wildcard mathematics haha
@Socrates that would basically make it no longer a number but a set with two elements
If 5 -letter ``words'' are formed using the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, how many such words are possible for each of the following conditions:
(a) No condition is imposed.


(b) No letter can be repeated in a word.
(c) Each word must begin with the letter A and letters can be repeated.
(d)The letter C must be at the end and letters can be repeated.
(e) The second letter must be a vowel and letters can be repeated.
can anyone help me with this ?
a) 7^5 words
(c) and (d) are basically like (a) with the word being shorter
okay thanks @TobiasKildetoft
b) 7*6*5*4*3
c) 7^4
d) also 7^4
e) 6* 7^4
Can anyone tell me if am thinking correct?
10:46
except for (e) yes
how did you do (e)?
the second letter must be a voyal
there r 6 of them
not among the ones you have been given
omg ><
thanks :)
ok, given that the reasoning was correct
10:47
right
thanks ! :)
am new on combinatorics and i find it harder than analysis
A store is selling 5 types of hard candies: cherry, strawberry, orange, lemon and pineapple. How many ways are there to choose 28 candies?
I this a multichosing problem ?
no, stars-and-bars (or number of positive solutions to a linear euqation)
so i have in total
28 candies +(5-1) dividors
(32,4 ) ?
32 chose 4 ?
sounds right
11:03
thank you !:)
if we insist on chosing 1 of each candy
i think the problem will become the same but with 23 candies left
27 chose 4
:D
how to think about this one , 28 candies with at least 5 cherry and at least 2 lemon?
we have to delete 7 pieces right ?
but the at least condition is what makes me doubt my answer
(25,4) 25 chose 4
well, choosing one of each is the same as having at least 1 of each
("at most" conditions are a lot harder)
note that the problem essentially started with an "at least 0 of each" clause
11:10
oh okay i see your point :)
if it were at most , then i need to sum up many possiblities
yeah, I don't recall if there is a nice way to handle such reqs
well i think the best way to get hold of this is work all problems on the book
cuz for now i dont have that intuition yet
@TobiasKildetoft my university asked us to use this Grimaldi, Discrete and combinatorial mathematics, 5th edition, Addison-Wesley
11:46
@RandomVariable I think it's possible. But I don't really know what sets on the boundary circle can be convergence/divergence sets. If memory serves, I once read a short overview of what is known, and all simple enough sets can be. But I may be misremembering. If I'm not misremembering too badly, chances are good that it was in an answer by Dave L. Renfro here or on MO.
math.stackexchange.com/questions/2101429/… for anyone who likes proofing stuff as an excercise :)
so f(x) looks like $ax^n+bx^{n-1}+...+z$
12:11
@BalarkaSen My point was that $pi_1(SO(4))$ is $\Bbb Z/2Z$ and the clutching function is the concatenation of two functions.
Ah, I see.
I was writing down an explicit nullhomotopy of the clutching map
I also gave an alternative proof.
 
1 hour later…
13:17
Hi, I require a little help, I want to simulate a Spring, I have value Velocity, given the velocity I want to know the distance by which the spring will expand (maybe also include extra params like Tautness etc)
@Bhargav use F=-kx
k is?
can you explain the params?
a constant depending on the spring
F is the force
x is the displacement
yea I understand how to get by the force, all I have here is velocity
in that case you use energy
13:19
should I break down force to ma again?
the kinetic energy is 0.5 mv^2
you find the kinetic energy
and the potential energy given by 0.5kx^2
so how do I get the displacement?
ah so the kinetic energy and potential energy are equal
no
the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy is constant
ah ok
you need to have another parameter
velocity alone isn't enough
13:23
i can assume mass and tautness of spring
try out different values see how the graph looks
i.e displacement vs time
is the velocity taken when x=0?
then you have x at that point
at that point the potential energy is 0
so as you said, kinetic energy loss = potential energy gain
what would be the correct values for K?
@DHMO
@Bhargav velocity of what, exactly?
13:39
Hello people
I have a question about finite fields
If $E$ is an extension of $F$, Gallian defines a primitive element of $E$ to be $a\in E$ such that $F(a)\cong E$
are there sets A,B, such that

$|f(A)\cap f(B)|>|f(A\cap B)|$
f is a function
$f(A \cap B)$ is a subset of $f(A)$ and $f(B)$, hence of $f(A) \cap f(B)$.
The multiplicative group $GF(p^n)^* := GF(p^n) - {0}$ is shown to be cyclic. If we consider $GF(p^n)$ as a extension of $GF(p)$, does a primitive element $a$ in $GF(p^n)$ necessarily generate $GF(p^n)^*$?
yeah, but I somehow fail to see an example
What example?
13:47
such that the inequality holds
@Socrates $f(0) = 0, f(1) = 0$. Then set $A = \{0\}$ and $B = \{1\}$
ah, I saw that too complicated
It holds for all sets and functions. Take your favorite function.
for A=B it doesnt hold
Ah strict inequality. Sure.
13:49
@sarcopsy how do you define primitive?
@sarcopsy thanks
@AlessandroCodenotti Gallian defines primitive as $F(a)\cong E$ iff $a$ primitive where $E$ is an extension of $F$ and $a$ in $E$
@Socrates np
@AlessandroCodenotti But there seems to be many variants of 'primitive' floating around so its a bit confusing and I wanted to clear it up as well
Yeah, as far as I know primitive is defined as being a generator of the multiplicative group
@Bhargav k is a constant that depends on the material of the spring
@AlessandroCodenotti Yeah, if that was the case it immediately follows, but with this definition of primitive I'm not sure if it works
13:55
does $f^2(x)$ equal $f(f(x))$?
But your definition is weird, you can have $GF(p^n)~\Bbb F_p[\alpha]$ with $\alpha$ not a generator of the multiplicative group if I remember correctly
I'm quite sure I've seen an explicit example of that in the abstract algebra course, I can look it up in my notes later if you're interested
@Socrates depends on the context
@AlessandroCodenotti It would be very nice if you could! Thanks
@DHMO that certainly can only be, if the whole codomain is a subset of the domain
@Socrates I don't even have your whole question
13:59
@AlessandroCodenotti These kind of things annoy me to no end haha
@DHMO it stems from this question math.stackexchange.com/questions/2101537/…
@Socrates I fail to see how it cannot be simply [f(x)]^2
@DHMO If your codomain of $f$ doesn't have multiplication defined then it's going to fail, I guess
@Socrates eg sin^2(x) is (sin(x))^2
because $f^{-1}(x)$ is also not the reciprocal of $f(x)$ (in general)
14:01
I'll look it up tonight because I'm uni now, I hope I'll remember, ping me otherwise @sarcopsy
@sarcopsy our codomain is R there
@Socrates depends on notation
@AlessandroCodenotti Thanks, I'll remind you!
@DHMO Oh, ok. That being said I've always thought of the trig functions $sin^2(x)$ as the exception to the rule rather than the other way around
@Socrates please ask in the comments the meaning of f^2(x+y)
@DHMO appereantly your interpretation was the right one
@Socrates by substituting x=y=0 we can see that f(0)=0
then by substituting just x=0 we can see that f(y) = f(-y)
15:02
hi @BalarkaSen here ?
hi chat
i need help with setu up of tripple integrals
y = x^2+z^2 , y = 8-x^2-z^2
what is the region on the xz plane ?
i know that x^2+z^2 < y< 8-x^2-z^2 in order for the region to make sense ( finite)
but on xz plane y = 0
that gives me x^2+z^2 = 0 a point
and 8-x^2-z^2 = 0 circle of radius sqrt8
am thinking correct here?
yes
this does not give me correct answer i set up the integrals many times
the region on xz plane how to find that
what is the question asking for?
its a tripple integal
15:09
what is the integral?
My problem has been in setting up the boudries but ill post it one second
tripple integral of sqrt ( x^2+z^2 ) dx dy dz
region R : y= x^2+z^2 , y = 8-x^2 -z^2
@KasmirKhaan the region would be a double-cone
what is the projection on the xz plane ?
a circle
15:12
i have found the boudries for y
it would be useful to imagine the region
okay but how to find that?
how to find the radius of the cricle ?
if you can imagine the region, you will see that it is a double-cone
it has rotational symmetry of infinite order around the y-axis
reflection symmetry about the plane y=4
anybody wants to discuss the following problem.
you don't need to project the region on the xz plae
y=4 cuts the regions into two cones
15:16
how to set up that?
because litterly that what i dont understand on these problems
firstly you need to be able to imagine the region!
okay thank you
then you will see two cones
divide the integral into y=0..4 and y=4..8
when y=0..4, you only care about the cone y=x^2+z^2
(hint: polar substitution)
when y=4..8, you only care about the cone y=8-x^2-z^2
@Adeek Now I am
@DHMO its not a cone its paraboloid y=8-x^2-z^2
so is y = x^2+z^2
15:25
@KasmirKhaan right
but my statements are still true
@BalarkaSen I am thinking about the following problem. It would be nice if you could give me a hint, but not a full solution(No spoilers). Suppose R is a ring. Consider $M_n(R)$. Describe all left and right ideals. Find all two sided ideals.
Okay thanks @DHMO
@Adeek Err. I can't really give you a reasonable hint, though I know what the ideals are.
ok don't tell me I will think about this for sometime.
There's a more-or-less obvious guess. But I won't spoil the fun.
15:30
I mean first thought were just lower triangle matrices.
@Adeek start describing ideals in $M_n(K)$ with $K$ a field
but that isn't everything I think.
And see what happens in this case
ok @AlessandroCodenotti
Hmmm actually I don't know about left and right ideals, but I have a guess knowing the answer for the 2 sided case
15:32
well part of the 2 sided ideals are diagonals.
But that isn't everything.
If I is two sided ideal in R. Then, $M_n(I)$ is two sided ideal.
I don't think that is everything though.
It is everything.
Oh, actually I know a proof. Think of $M_n(R)$ as a $R$-module
oh
15:48
hi chat
Hi @SemiC

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