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00:00 - 22:0022:00 - 00:00

22:05
i'm dead
yay
go run a mile and see what its like
Huy
Huy
rip
i am soaked in sweat
the humidity must be 100
Huy
Huy
lol
after 1 mile
wat
22:07
Well he's not wrong.
its the heat, not the distance
Huy
Huy
then why say "go run a mile and see what its like"
The kitchen is like 20m there and back. And it is reallllllly humid...
good point, but you should run anyway
Huy
Huy
no
it's past midnight
22:09
excuses
Huy
Huy
it's like perfect 22°C outside
wouldn't be a challenge
I am 5'11'' and 165lbs and it is still hard to run for much longer
Huy
Huy
sorry I don't know those units
165/2.2 kg
Huy
Huy
2.2kg
ok m8
22:11
Dwarfism.
no you have to divide
Not to be taken lightly.
TIL that if it took a spaceship one second to travel Earth's diameter, it would take the same spaceship nearly two days to travel the diameter of the largest star we know of
i should move to Maine or something
Why?
22:12
ocean + cool + not overpopulated
What is there even in Maine
It looks pretty for sure.
Bar Harbor, Maine, looked nice
Huy
Huy
gn8 kids
behave
I'm a good boy.
22:13
G'nate?
lots of lobster
thats their #1 product
I want to go to Nova Scotia.
probably it is similar
I read a poem about a dead person there once. It seems like a depressing place.
I should rigorously, w/o BS, prove that a manifold is smoothly path connected.
22:15
Yep, Elizabeth Biship. "First Death in Nova Scotia"
...there is a proof via Riemannian geometry, I think.
But that proof involves "BS", IMO
brb.
i have a pinched nerve in my leg
@ForeverMozart When you go to Maine, beware of Russel's famous Bar Harbor Paradox
22:16
Who shaves the Bar Harbor
22:28
@TobiasKildetoft couldn't you take the reals under addition, and then double the point $0$, say, adding $0'$. Make $0'$ the left and right identity for $1$ and $-1$, and $0$ the identity for everything else...
and define $0'+0'=0$
i think that works
what are you doing
look to the right
he wants a disguised group that is not a group
the author of that paper really should have given examples
to show that such a thing can exist, otherwise his work is useless
@ForeverMozart Suppose I have a locally compact, Hausdorff, second countable space $X$. I want a sequence of open sets $\{K_i\}$ with compact closure, such that $\bar K_i\subset K_{i+1}$ and they cover $X$.
How do I construct this
This might be trivial
such a space is separable, right?
Probably, but that's another point set theorem I don't want to prove...
22:42
hmm
How about covering it with precompact sets by using local compactness
Refining this to a countable cover (?)
Then enumerating these open sets and letting $K_i$ be the union of the first $i$ of them
no
That does not give $\bar K_i\subset K_{i+1}$
oh
oh I see
get the countable cover
Lee must have a proof of this
22:48
then let $K_0$ be the first one.
then take the boundary of $K_0$
get a finite subcover of it
and then let $K_1$ be $K_0$ plus the finite subcover of its boundary
and continue
Ah
Does this require second countability anywhere?
something like that, but you have to be careful to get the whole space
@ForeverMozart Yeah
oh
yes you can use second countability to get whole space
when you define $K_1$, also throw in the least member not already used
Yeah?
22:52
we don't care how big $K_1$ is, as long as its compact
precompact
So let $\{U_i:i\in\omega\}$ be a countable open cover consisting of precompact open sets.
Let $K_0=U_0$.
Let $\{V_n:n\leq n_0\}$ be a finite collection of precompact open sets that covers $\overline{K_0}\setminus K_0$
Then define $K_1=K_0\cup U_1\cup \bigcup _{n\leq n_0}V_n$
repeat...
that should do it
instead of covering $\overline K _0\setminus K_0$, why not just cover all of $\overline K_0$
makes it easier
hmm
maybe an induction argument is easier.
23:02
induction/recursion
Finally found the proof in Lee
Yours is quite similar, nice
23:14
@ForeverMozart what the heck is $\setminus$ supposed to be
Hi. Off topic probability: "Let $I$ be uniform on $\lbrace 1,\ldots, n\rbrace$, $(X_1',\ldots,, X_n')$ be an independent copy of $(X_1,\ldots, X_n)$..." What does it mean to be an independent copy? That sounds absurd to me.
Can someone post the link that's needed to render formulas in here?
><
Nevermind got the link (instructions*)
23:29
Wonderful
I had a question.
Good for you
It relates to signals and systems.
Okay, here goes:
$A\setminus B$ is $A-B$
First, as I understand, a system is a function that takes functions from R to R as input and returns functions from R to R as output.
So say, H is a system and x and y are functions on R.
23:33
@ForeverMozart I know what it means
(R being the set of real numbers.)
Who came up with it any why
What's wrong with $-$
And $\setminus$ in standard TeX looks horrible.
not sure. In the early 1900's people used $+,-, \cdot$ for $\cup, \setminus, and \cap$
$\cdot$ for $\cap$ is a new one
23:34
yeah
H is said to be a linear system if it satisfies $H(A \cdot x) = A\cdotH(x)$ and $H(x + y) = H(x) + H(y)$
yeah its unusual but I saw it recently
(for all x and y)
its a good question for MSE
why did the conventions change
around the 1940's I think
not MSE
HSM
23:36
I have a guess
Now, I'm supposed to find whether the system described by the equation $y' + 3ty = t^2 x$ is a linear system.
$+,-,\cdot$ usually appear in old papers by Americans
(Just a sec.)
But the Polish started to dominate topology
perhaps they used the different notation
The Polish?
23:38
yes, and Hungarians
many big names from those countries
Well, anyway, I was trying to render LaTeX but I'll do that later since my browser seems to be running into other problems. Hopefully the little LaTeX I've written is rendering correctly.
So, my question was...
in topology anyway... and topology is like the bastard child of set theory
The equation $y' + 3ty = t^2 x$ as infinitely many solutions for function y for each function x.
like who
Kuratowski, Sierpinski
23:40
So, I'm not sure how it describes a system.
Sorry for interjecting.
Mazurkiewicz, Krasinkiewicz
Never heard of them
Is this point set?
My question probably doesn't make a lot of sense.
yes point set topology in the early 1900s
ew
I don't know any point set
23:42
1
Q: Determine if a system described by a differential equation is linear

ChrisA system ("A System is any physical set of components that takes a signal, and produces a signal") is described by this equation: $ \frac{dy(t)}{dt} + 3 \times y(t) = x(t) $ Where $x(t)$ is the input and $y(t)$ the output. How to determine if this system is a linear one?

anyway, it is my theory because the group that published more probably has the winning convention
That person is asking the exact same question.
yeah
I could try to explain further what I don't understand but I don't think anyone is following my slow ramblings.
Because, for example,
It's easy to prove that if $H$ is a linear system and $x$ is the zero function, then it must be that $H(x)$ is also a zero function.
(Because $H(x) = H(x + x) = H(x) + H(x) \implies H(x) = 0$)
So, in the DE $y' + 3ty = t^2 x$
If we replace $x$ by the $0$ function.
And solve it to see what $y$ we get,
We get $y$ equal to $e$ raised to some constant times $t^2$ plus an arbitrary constant $C$.
Which is clearly not zero?
So it cannot be linear?
@Alraxite linear operator, not linear system
@Alraxite yes, exp((3/2)t^2) is not the zero function. what does that have to do with anything?
23:49
@arctictern Is $H$ not a linear system? Sorry I don't understand.
Okay, let me explain.
In the book I'm reading,
(It relates to signal analysis)
$H$ defined by $Hy:=y'+3ty$ is a linear operator
$Hy=\rm function$ is a linear system
Oh, right, I didn't meant that.
A system is defined as a function that takes functions on the set of real numbers as input and gives functions on the set of real numbers as output.
A system $H$ is said to be linear
if $H(ax) = aH(x)$ where $x$ is a function and $a$ is a real number.
and if $H(x + y) = H(x) + H(y)$
yeah, yeah. what's your actual question?
where $x$ and $y$ are functions
Okay, so I want to find whether the system described by the DE $y' + 3ty = t^2 x$ is a linear system.
you mean $Hy:=y'+3ty$
yeah, $H(y_1+y_2)=Hy_1+Hy_2$ etc
straightforward to check both sides of that equation are equal
23:53
Is that what the DE means?
$Hy := y' + 3ty$?
I was interpreting it as
that means H applied to y is y'+3ty
unless you want H to be a thing that is applied to both x and y?
nevermind that
I'm assuming x(t) is just some random function that might as well be named f(t)
y is the output function of the system and x is the input function (and x and y are functions of the variable t)
so if you want to find what the system outputs for some function x
you put x in the equation and find y
which is the output of the system
which seems to have the problem that there won't be a single y that satisfies that equation
which was the first thing I was having trouble with
you think y is the output and x is the input (of H) because you're used to that being the case in algebra?
hmm
I mean,
(just a sec)
that's what my teacher told us
not precisely in that way
but that's the only way it makes sense
because in this assignment
that doesn't make sense here
I think y should be the input and y'+3ty should be the output, and x should've been renamed to a different letter so it doesn't confuse you
23:57
there's also this equation $y(t) = \int_{-\infty}^t x(z)\,dz$
This time the system is more explicit
Why the $t^2$ term then?
why not? who cares.
$y' + 3ty = t^2 x$
Hmmm
maybe the equation came from something, or is intended to mimic situations where you have mixtures of letters because reasons
generally when you have an ODE, if you want to think of it as operator(function)=function, the input function is the thing with derivatives appearing and the output function is the thing on the other side of the equation
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