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00:00 - 09:0009:00 - 00:00

09:00
one thing $\frac{1}{n+1}<p<\frac1n$ so $p\notin A$ right
@PaulPlummer
Yes
If you wanted an explicit $p$ for each $n$ you could choose the average: $\frac{1}{2} \left( \frac{1}{n+1} + \frac{1}{n} \right)$
ok yes
thank's
@PaulPlummer i'm sorry i hve a last question
Okay, ask away
if i define $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \overline{A}$ by $f(n)=\frac1n, n>0, f(0)=0$
I want to prove the continuity of f using sequences
If in a theorem I use and explain notation (i. e. something like "where X is Y"). Can I then re-use that notation in another theorem without having to explain it again?
09:14
@PaulPlummer i take $x_n\rightarrow x$
and i must prove that $f(x_n)\rightarrow f(x)$
if $x_n=0$ we have nothig to do
but if $x_n\neq 0$
then $f(x_n)=\frac{1}{x_n}$
ut $x$ can be equal 0
where is the problem ?
@PaulPlummer how can i prove that $f$ is continuous please
So what is your problem? I am not sure I understand what you are having trouble with in this problem. @Vrouvrou
@PaulPlummer if $x_n \neq 0\rightaoow 0$ then f(x_n)=\frac{1}{x_n}\rightarrow \frac1x$ but $x=0$ there is a problem
Give me an example where $x_n \to 0$ but $x_n \neq 0$
@Vrouvrou
$\frac1n$
Isnt the function $f: \mathbb{N} \to \overline{A}$?
09:25
ooo yes the sequence must be in $\mathbb{N}$
then every sequence go to +\infty no ?
A sequence that eventually constant $0$ also works
i don't understand
$0,0,0,...,0,...$
x_n=0 \forall n, it's limit is 0
09:29
but x_n \neq 0 in \mathbb{N} it has automaticaly +\infty as a limit ? right ?
That is something to prove
but we have that any sequence no trivial in $\mathbb{N}$ do not converge to 0
Huh, how did you get that,
i ask because i want to prove that f is continuous
Okay, the only sequence that converges to 0 in $\mathbb{N}$ is eventually constant $0$ (that is maybe something to prove).
So what are you haveing trouble with? you seem to have a grip on the important parts.
09:38
i don't know how to prove that the only sequence in N which converge to 0 is the sequence 0
What is the definition of a convergent sequence? @Vrouvrou
Hint: it's very difficult for a sequence in N to converge. Can you "approach" 0 with other natural numbers?
$\forall \varepsilon>0, \exists n_0\in \mathbb{N}, \forall n\in \mathbb{N}, n\geq n_0\Rightarrow |x_n-x|<\varepsilon$
@Vrouvrou This is false. The sequences are the ones which are eventually 0.
For all $\epsilon$>0, Choose one, a small one, and see what happens. @Vrouvrou
09:43
@ᴇʏᴇs Are you here?
Hi @JasperLoy
How are you
I am not too good. My OCD is very bad these few days, but I am taking meds now.
Is med helping you
Maybe.
@PaulPlummer i don't know for $\varepsilon=\frac12, |x_n-x|<\frac12$
09:46
Okay, What do $x_n$ have to be for that to be true
be near x
We are working with $x=0$ and sequences from $\mathbb{N}$
it's impossible
How is it impossible, we have already though of such a sequence, the 0 sequence. Maybe you need to read what you wrote a little ways up about what we are trying to prove: chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/20711316#20711316
yes bu here we suppose that x_n\neq 0
09:51
When did we suppose that
We want to prove that onlu sequence x_n=0 converge to 0 in N
@Vrouvrou we know the test for divergence right
the test ?
Okay, you showed that when you choose $\epsilon=1/2$ that it eventually has to be $0$, which is exactly what you wanted (note it is evenually $x_n=0$)
I mean to check that is a sequence diverging or not @Vrouvrou
09:56
i don't remember this test,
@SayanChattopadhyay Best not to help if you are not sure.
@paul has explained it all @vrou
It is as simple as that.
I mean if the limit of $a(n)$ does not exist or is not zero then the series diverges
@Vrouvrou At this point I agree with @JasperLoy, you may need to spend some time internalizing it, working out the minor details, and try to make it make sense to you but it is all here.
@Sayan we are not working with series
@SayanChattopadhyay Best not to try to help when you have not learnt the material well.
Oh sequences....
Fine....sorry
10:15
If I graph both factorials of all real numbers and exponents of all real numbers how do I find that which one of them goes to infinity faster
hi
Greetings
10:31
Greetings
(working hard on my book here)
what are you writing about?
A book about integrals, series and limits, major part of them coming from personal research.
lesbesgue or riemann?
@magd It will be a problem book. Both.
10:34
jolly good
Hello @Chris'ssis.
@JasperLoy Hello.
(talking on the phone)
In complex analysis, can we always push a limit through an integral when the integrand is holomorphic?
How did they troll you @Don?
10:48
Hi @Committingtoachallenge
11:26
Morning, fellas
 
1 hour later…
12:42
Hi
@teadawg1337 You might like to give a try to the integral I posted yesterday.
@Chris'ssis Where can I find this?
@teadawg1337 $\displaystyle \int_0^1 x^m \log^n(x) \ dx$, $m, n \ge 1$, $m, n \in \mathbb{N}$
(natural numbers are not defined the same way around the world - to avoid any possible discussion on it)
@teadawg1337 The idea is to find a very fast, elementary way of doing it, if possible without pen and paper.
@teadawg1337 in the book I publish this is a tiny part from a proof to a very nice series.
@Chris'ssis isn't that integral quite simple by parts?
@magd Yeah.
@Chris'ssis is that log to base n or (natural log) to the n
12:57
@magd natural log, and $n$ is its power.
@Chris'ssis ok a bit more difficult
@Chris'ssis still not too bad
@magd No, it's not bad at all.
Ah, I see how to do it now. My brain is quite slow this morning, I need some coffee @Chris'ssis
its induction right? can't be bothered to work out the base case
@teadawg1337 No need for hurry with that. OK.
13:13
@Chris'ssis Oooh, this turns into quite a neat series! I think I'm almost finished
@teadawg1337 Great.
need some help with linear functions
y =mx + c
there ya go
I need to calculate T(e1),T(e2),T(e3) if T:R3==> R3, and T is the linear function of reflecting over plane x + y - z =0
@Chris'ssis 0?
13:25
@teadawg1337 What that means?
I got an answer of 0
@teadawg1337 It's not 0.
I know it isn't, I'm trying to find where I went wrong
any help with my question ?
@teadawg1337 In my book you'll find a great way. :-)
(hope people will love it)
13:27
@Ali.B it's a simple reflection look up reflections somewhere.
search it first
I already did that, all I could found is projection
@Ali.B, is easier to project onto $(1,1,-1)$ first
@Chris'ssis I found my error. Is the answer $\frac{(-1)^n n!}{(m+1)^{n+1}}$?
I did the project to 11-1
but I'm lost on how to do the reflection
@teadawg1337 Precisely.
13:30
@Ali.B look harder
^^"
the vector $(x, y, z)$ can be decomposed $(x+y-z)(1,1,-1) + (-y+z, -x + z, -x - y)$ to find the reflection change the first vector to minus.
Why must $m\in\mathbb{N}$?
@teadawg1337 I see your point, but that is arranged such that I could use a brilliant way. In the main proof I only needed $m \in \mathbb{N}$, so I only needed to treat this kind of value for $m$.
@Chris'ssis I see.
13:38
would love to have an automatic \Texifer in this chat
@Chris'ssis yes yes induction :)
@teadawg1337 I hope you saw enough. That part is added to my book within a larger proof - that is just a tiny explanation there.
@Chris'ssis I used to enjoy that stuff at high school
@Chris'ssis I didn't get a chance to read all of it, but I read enough to understand it :)
@teadawg1337 :-)
@magd Yeah, it's cute.
14:13
@robjohn how are you doing? You're pretty silent these days.
14:49
I'm fully recovered after that fail, and I have more energy, creativity and inspiration than ever. Every single day and every single experience are meant to make me more more powerful than ever.
I just discovered a new very nice kind of series to investigate.
BBL
15:02
@teadawg1337 hi
Hello @Sayan
well i wanted to ask you something
can we find how fast a series goes to infinity@teadawg1337
@Sayan You mean its rate of divergence?
Never thought about it before, but I'd imagine it's impossible to measure such a thing
15:09
just look at the gradient of 1/the series
or the gradient of log the series or something like that
@magd think of this we know that both the square of a number series and the exponential function booms to infinity but what is its rate of divergence
@Sayan and I just said look at the gradient
d/dx x^2 = 2x. d/dx e^x = e^x
e^x > x^2 for x > some n, therefore e^x diverges faster
e^x < 2x i meant
e^x > 2x, can't type
oh......one more doubt
is there any example of two functions which are going at the same rate to a certain point but once starts increasing after a certain point
15:15
of course you can create one
i thought of a function which gives the gap between two cubes
the function x^2 and the function y= x^2 0 < x < 1, x^3 1 < x < \inf
because after a certain point the gaps start decreasing and decreasing@magd
brb
brb? sorry i cant understand short forms
15:21
@Sayan It means "be right back"
oh
i thought a barbarian
don't know @Sayan sorry
gtg
oh fine thanks
15:42
@Committingtoachallenge I was told that the infinity between 0 and 1 is smaller than the infinity between 0 and 2
yes @Don because infinity between 0 and 2 is the sum of infinities between 0 and 1 and 1 and 2
pls unignore me @DonLarynx
16:04
How would one describe an integral curve using a commutative diagram?
Or alternatively is there a nicer categorical way to describe the following construction:
Let $c: (-\epsilon,\epsilon)=I \to M$ be a curve in a manifold. Define $c':I \to TM$ as the curve $t_0 \mapsto [c(t+t_0)] \in T_{c(t_0)}M$
A kind of "lift" for paths
Got kicked out of an empty classroom because a professor wanted to use it for a group study session during free hour :(
16:37
Nominating math.stackexchange.com/questions/1204369/… for reopening. The OP included his attempt at a solution in answer form below, which seems to have been missed by the last one or two close-voters.
@JMoravitz, despite what the "On hold" text says, how often do you think questions get properly edited but never reopened?
Also @JMoravitz, the starred image reminded me of this one:
ADG
ADG
How to write factorial here?
ADG
ADG
what?
exampe
*l
*add it
*example
@KajHansen factorial
What do you mean @ADG ? "Five factorial" = 5!, e.g.
ADG
ADG
16:50
@KajHansen no the alternate symbol
There isn't one? Unless you're thinking of the gamma function extending factorial to $\mathbb{C}$.
$n! = \Gamma(n+1)$
ADG
ADG
no the box with bottom and left border
oh... um, lets pull up a TeX symbol list..
$\llcorner \! x$ probably wont cut it
Oh, doesn't that represent the falling factorial?
Actually, idk what I'm talking about.
I think he is referring to something along the lines of $\lfloor x$ but with the foot of the floor extending well below the $x$
If I remember correctly, I had seen that as the notation for factorial in an old paper
ADG
ADG
16:57
I've never seen that before :/
I don't know if we'd be able to use it in ChatJax however
The final option seems usable in chatjax, albeit lengthy to type; $\underline{\!\left\lvert x\right.}$
a bit of open air though as you can see,
$\underline{x}$
$\lfloor \underline{x}$
ADG
ADG
not quite right
17:03
hahaha
I'm trying to ad-hoc something
$\lfloor \! \underline{x}$
That works perhaps
\lfloor \! \underline{x}
ADG
ADG
$\huge\lfloor \! \underline{365}$
$$\lfloor \!\underline{x}$$
ADG
ADG
+1
$\lfloor \! \underline{\overline{x}} \! \rfloor$
ADG
ADG
17:04
$${}^{365}{\mathbb C}_{28}$$
Do I win?
There's still the question of how it appears in large size
ADG
ADG
@JMoravitz $$\huge\lfloor \! \underline{365}$$
nah! :(
it doesn't seem to quite line up correctly, yea
but its pretty close without having to define new functions, and not very noticable at small sizes
ADG
ADG
another symbol i want is underline and a text in middle like $\underbrace{x^2-3x+2}_{(x-2)(x-1)}$
but a underline there
17:13
well, you could use an array and a resizing with \hline
using allignment {c} to center it all
it might not fit nicely against other text though,
wouldn't that appear too similarly to a fraction though? @ADG
$\frac{x^2-3x+2}{\!\!~_{~_{(x-2)(x-1)}}}$
ADG
ADG
yup, i didn't noticed, i'll carry on with underbrace, another point can we dynamically calculate something using latex
uhm., I wouldn't think so. As far as I'm aware, it is only a markup/display language. You might be able to create or find a program which dynamically displays text that auto-updates using input-fields... but that would be a separate entity.
Hey everyone.

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1204625/is-the-tangent-bundle-of-a-covered-manifold-a-quotient-manifold

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1204617/how-to-lift-a-path-to-the-tangent-bundle

http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1204633/regular-submanifolds-and-tangent-bundles

Any help would be appreciated!
17:42
@ThomasAndrews Hello!!! Could I ask you something that is related to the wave equation?
Don't know nothing about it, except that it exists.
A ok, no probem... :) @ThomasAndrews
Does anyone have an idea about the following?
0
Q: Why can we just change the wave number?

evindaWave equation: $u_{tt}=au_{xx}, a>0$ We are looking for solutions of the wave equation of the form of a wave function. We suppose that $u(x,t)=A \cos(kx- \omega t)$ is a solution of $u_{tt}=au_{xx}, a>0$. We have: $$u_x(x,t)=-Ak \sin(kx- \omega t)\\u_{xx}(x,t)=-Ak^2 \cos(kx-\omega t)\\u_t(x,t...

The comment below the questions answers it
17:58
Hello @ThomasAndrews!! Are you familiar with PDE's??
Hello @magd!! Are you familiar with PDE's??
Hello @MaryStar, yes I am
Do you maybe have an idea for the EDIT2 of the following??
brb
1
Q: Energy Method to show uniqueness of solution of PDE

Mary StarIn my notes there is the following example about the energy method. $$u_{tt}(x, t)-u_{xxtt}(x, t)-u_{xx}(x, t)=0, 0<x<1, t>0 \\ u(x, 0)=0 \\ u_t(x, 0)=0 \\ u_x(0, t)=0 \\ u_x(1, t)=0$$ $$\int_0^1(u_tu_{tt}-u_tu_{xxtt}-u_tu_{xx})dx=0 \tag 1$$ $$\int_0^1 u_tu_{tt}dx=\int_0^1\frac{1}{2}(u_t^2)...

Sorry no idea :(
18:13
Ok... No problem...
Hey guys quick question: How do you display questions from MSE in chat? For some reason I wasn't able to find how to do that in the help centre
Is there no one here?
Well then I'll leave too
18:52
is anyone else having troubles with mathjax not loading ? It's happening everywhere I go, not just MSE
19:46
No problem here, but I might have it cached.
20:13
Hello, if $(J'(u),v)=\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\theta} |u|^{q-2} u v dx$ for all $u,v\in W^{1,p}_0$
What is $J(u)$
$$\sum _{i=0}^{\infty } (-1)^{i+n} (i+1)^{-n-1} \Gamma (n+1) \, _1F_0(i+1;;1)$$
21:01
someone here ?
21:17
can someone tel me what is equal to ||u+v||^p ?
@robjohn
please
@Vrouvrou what are $u$ and $v$?
function in W^{1,p}_0
||.|| is the norme in W^{1,p}
for example ||u+v||^2=||u||^2+||v||^2 +2(u,v)
@robjohn
21:55
How can I draw a circle in Latex??
Studying tensor product of modules and feel like such a $M\otimes_R N$...
@MaryStar \ circ
$\circ$
@Vrouvrou You only have a nice equality like that for the Hilbert space ($p=2$). For the Banach space, you will have the Minkowski inequality, but nothing as nice as you get when you have an inner product.
Is there a command for a bigger circle?? @EnjoysMath
google latexify
draw it
no, detexify
\ bigcirc or \ ocirc
\bigcirc
$\bigcirc$
$\ocirc$
\newmoon
$\newmoon$
@MaryStar What is wrong with the answer there?
22:09
Thank you @EnjoysMath !! :-)
Do you mean at the energy method?? @robjohn
22:23
@MaryStar yes. If you follow (click on) the arrow at the left of my comment, it will show you to what I was commenting.
Using the arrows is a good way to separate the conversation threads in a busy chat room
A ok... The answer at the post is fine!! I have edited my post and added what I have tried but I didn't get an answer to that yet. That's why I asked it here... @robjohn
Hallo
Hallo @Owatch
@Owatch Wie geht es dir?
I'm good.
I just like saying Hallo.
I don't speak German :/
But I do french!
@Owatch "Comment vas-tu" ?
22:33
Ca va. J'ai un examen demain. Je dois faire des devoirs ce soire aussi, donc ca va prendre toute la soire.
@Owatch I think we never really spoke together before. Where do you live ? What level are you ?
What level?
Est ce que tu veux savoir de quoi j'etude?
oui c'est ça...
Calc 2
C'est pas grand chose.
Je ne connais pas du tout... Et tu habites où ?
22:39
J'habites en l'etas unis pour l'instant.
Mais j'ai vecu en Paris pour quelques annes il'ya quatre ans.
Super... Qu'as-tu pensé de Paris ?
La ville est un peut froid aux etranges.
Hum désolé je n'ai pas compris que veux-tu dire ?
What is it in English ?
Oh.
The city is a bit cold towards strangers.
I can speak well enough.
Hello @robjohn @quid :)
If we have a series $\sum_n a_n x^n$ and the limit $\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}$ is equal to $0$, do we deduce that the radius of convergence is $+\infty$?
22:45
But they notice.
In any case, I quite liked the city.
I often visit a friend who lives there.
And wich state do you live in ?
Why?
Hello @evinda! Yes.
Nothing, just to locate... Nevermind
I am in CT.
22:47
@quid Nice!!! Then do we also deduce that the series converges only at the point 0? Or am I wrong?
@robjohn Do you have any idea on German education system ?
@evinda yes. but at 0 it will converge no matter what. All but the constant term are 0 then.
@evinda sorry. I misread. No it will converge everywhere.
If the radiius of convergence is infinity it converges everywhere.
If the radius of convergence is 0, it converges only at 0.
23:01
@quid Nice :) So if we are looking for a solution of the form $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n x^n$ and we know the general formula for $a_{3k}$ and $a_{3k+1}$ and also that $a_{3k+2}=0$ and that the radii of convergence of $\sum_{k} a_{3k} x^{3k}$ and $\sum_{k} a_{3k+1} x^{3k+1}$ is $+\infty$, then we deduce that the solution is $\sum_k a_{3k} x^{3k}+ \sum_k a_{3k+1} x^{3k+1}$ , that it converges everywhere on $\mathbb{R}$ since the radius of convergence is $+\infty$, right?
Hi @Ramanewbie
This seems correct @evinda The radius of convergence of the sum of powerseries is at least the smaller of the two. In thsi case both are infinite so it is infinite;
or I should say all three not both.
@evinda yes
@quid sorry, I didn't see that you had already answered :-)
@quid So do we consider 0 also as a series and find its radius of convergence?
@Theorem I know nothing! I loved Hogan's Heroes when I was a kid. I hope this does not offend anyone.
23:07
@evinda you might, for systematic reasons.
no problem @robjohn
@quid And why is it also $+\infty$? Because of the fact that $0 \in \mathbb{R}$ no matter what $n$ is?
If you have a powerseries $\sum b_n x^n$ and you know that $b_n=0$ for all $n$ than you can say the radiuus of convergence is infinity. As argument you can either give "clearly it converges for all x" or "$\sqrt[n]{b_n}$" is $0$ and thus the radius is 1/0 that is infinity. @evinda
Wow, why is MathJax still not working?
Nvm found the meta thread
Nice, thank you very much!!! @quid
23:23
@Clarinetist It is working for me. Have you activated/executed/clicked on the bookmark?
@Clarinetist Okay (which meta thread?)
@robjohn Where can I find the bookmark to enable MathJax?
Hey, guys, have you ever been shown a proof that Gamma isn't an elementary function?
Like, we know that the incomplete Gamma isn't, since it's the integral of a function without an elementary antiderivative.
But plain old Gamma is a specific value of incomplete Gamma.
@evinda On the right.
@columbus8myhw At my computer, it isn't anywhere :/
Where it says "LaTeX in chat."
But I gave you the link above, anyway:
2 mins ago, by columbus8myhw
http://www.math.ucla.edu/~robjohn/math/mathjax.html
@evinda On the left sidebar the top item says Chat guidelines | $\LaTeX$ in chat | MSE chat dwellers: pin your location (just for fun) [instructions]
23:31
Asaf Karagila used to own the chat? Interesting. (Jews are behind everything!)
(Just kidding; I'm a Jew also.)
(I was taking that from the "Chat guidelines" link.)
@columbus8myhw Indeed. He no longer uses chat. Don't ask me why; I asked him and got no reply.
Yah, I thought that was weird too, I am pretty sure I have seen some comments along the lines that he refuses to use chat and does not like it., maybe it was someone else idk
@robjohn, how to prove that there do not exist three distinct positive integers a, b and c such that each integer divides the difference of the other two?
23:48
@Silent Suppose $a\lt b\lt c$. What does $c\mid b-a$ imply?
@robjohn, that implies there is no integer $m$ satisfying $b-a=cm$, am I right?
@Silent I was thinking of something simpler; like $c\lt b$
@Silent but it implies there is an integer $m$ so that $b-a=cm$
@robjohn, oh sorry
By the way:
Consider the three functions $f(x)=\sin^2x$, $g(x)=\frac12x\sin(2x)$, and $h(x)=x^2\cos^2(x)$.
If you graph them, you'll find that these curves are often concurrent, meeting at the same point.
(I recommend desmos.com for this.)
Why is this?
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