| local da morte = Ecaterimburgo, União Soviética | data de enterro = | local de enterro = Catedral de Pedro e Paulo,São Petesburgo, Rússia | assinatura = Nicholas II Signature.svg | religião = Ortodoxa Russa }} Czar Nicolau II (Nikolái Alieksándrovich Románov; russo Николáй Алексáндрович Ромáнов) foi o último , e grão-duque da Finlândia. Nasceu no Palácio de Catarina, em Tsarskoye Selo, próximo de São Petersburgo, em 18 de maio (6 de maio no calendário juliano) de 1868. É também conhecido como São Nicolau o Portador da Paixão pela Igreja Ortodoxa Russa. Q...

Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich () ( – ) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother. In numerous successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a huge empire that became a major European power. According to historian James Cracraft, he led a cultural revolution that replaced the traditionalist and medieval social and political system with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system.James Cracraft, The Revolution of Peter the Great (Harvard University Press, 2003) [...

In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set A, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A. Intuitively, this means that the "edge" of A, the set of points in A whose "neighborhood" is partially in A and partially outside of A, is negligible. Let μ be the Lebesgue measure on the Euclidean space Rn and A be a Lebesgue measurable subset of Rn. Define the approximate density of A in a ε-neighborhood of a point x in Rn as : d_\varepsilon(x)=\frac{\mu(A\cap B_\varepsilon(x))}{\mu(B_\varepsilon(x))} where Bε denotes the closed ball of radius...