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12:37 AM
@BalarkaSen Let me know when you have a proof.
 
12:56 AM
3
Q: Mobius Transformation and Schwarz's Lemma

K.M.My goal is to find a Mobius transformation $g$ that sends $K : |z| < R$ bijectively to itself, and also sends $0$ to $a \in R$. To my knowledge, there is a theorem that says the following: For a disc $K: |z| \leq 1$ and with $f:K \rightarrow K$ being analytic on $|z| <1$, $f$ is of the following...

Not my question, but I need it answered all the same.
The guy who answered it is wrong, I'm pretty sure.
Unless there's somebody here who can show me otherwise??
 
1:44 AM
@JessyCat it should be $g_a(z)=R\cdot f_{a/R}(z/R)$ methinks
(notice how the $a$ changes)
 
@anon, it's not rendering right.
 
renders right for me
 
Or maybe I just don't understand your notaion.
Why do you have $g_{a(z)}$? What does that mean?
 
Guess.
 
And what does $f_{a/R}$ mean?
@anon, Come on.
 
1:46 AM
Think.
This is a good exercise. Don't $g$ and $f$ depend on something?
 
A little hard to do when you've slept a total of 4 hours in the past ocuple of days
 
sigh, k
 
I don't have time for good exercises.
I need to gete this done so I can go home and go to sleep finally
okay, so
lemme see
 
$g_a$ is the desired function $D_R\to D_R$ which sends $0$ to $a$, and $f_{a/R}$ is the specified function with $a/R$ instead of $a$ (it is $D_1\to D_1$ and sends $0$ to $a/R$
(where $D_r$ is the disk of radius $r$ centered at $0$)
 
isn't that exactgly the same thing that was there before?
 
1:50 AM
no
 
I don't understand
we had $Rf(z/R)$ in the incorrect answer and now it's $Rf(z/R)$ again
it doesn't map $f(0)=a$
@anon, can you just write out exactly what $g$ is and what $f$ is explicitly?
in the comments
not here
Please
 
done
suppose it's still off, let me fix it
 
yeah, what do you do to the $x$ in $f$ to yield that?
and where'd the $e^{i \alpha}$ go? I know it only takes care of rotation, but why is it gone?
 
in your formula for $f$, what's the angle $\alpha$ represent?
 
I think it draws out the circle. So it's like an angle of a sector, i suppose
 
1:58 AM
but what is it?
 
Re^{i \alpha} is the circle
it's arg(z)
Arg(z)
 
then how is that a mobius function of z?
 
$\Arg z$
Weell, my prof seems to think it is
he put it in the notes after all
 
are you sure alpha is arg(z)?
 
no
not anymore
 
1:59 AM
where does your $f$ sends $0$?
 
@anon, $e^{i \alpha} * -a$
doesn't seem right
 
mmhmm
 
$-1$?
 
I think you want $\displaystyle f_a(z)=\frac{a-z}{1-\bar{a}z}$ to be the mobius transformation of the unit disk that sends $0$ to $a$ (where $|a|\le 1$)
then $g_a=Rf_{a/R}(z/R)$ is the mobius transformation of the disk of radius $R$ which sends $0$ to $a$ (where $|a|\le R$)
 
$|a|\|e$?
you mean $\leq$?
 
2:04 AM
where are you talking about?
nowhere have I typed $|a|\|e$
 
$|a|\le 1$ rendered as that on my page
unless that's $\le$?
I'm not familiar with that tag. I either use $<$ or $\leq$
which is it?
 
both of them render as $\le$, less-than-or-equal, in my browser
 
not mine
i'm using opera
anyhoo
 
that's super weird
 
nothing renders for me here
 
2:06 AM
are you using the latex bookmarklet?
 
nope.
 
why not?
 
is it a plug in?
 
see "$\LaTeX$ in chat" above the starboard in the chatroom description --------->
 
Never even heard of it until you just told me about it.
Ok, I will do that later.
 
2:07 AM
you just drag/drop the link to your bookmarks bar, then click start chatjax when you're in this tab
 
I did it
 
it takes 10 seconds
(ofc maybe more the first time...)
 
howdy @anon, @Jessy, @ForeverMozart
 
hi there
 
@anon, Like i said. trains stop running after a while and i have to get home. time is of the essense. so later
 
2:08 AM
Is there a book which covers all of the core graduate school mathematics in a dense and compact manner? This includes all core material: algebra, analysis, combinatorics and graph theory. I have found a book by Hua but it is geared towards undergraduate mathematics.
 
hey ted
 
No, @Shahab
 
I constructed a psychotic space for the ages
 
I wouldn't include combinatorics and graph theory as "core material" for graduate school, either.
 
now the tedious part of writing everything down
 
2:09 AM
What about just algebra, analysis
 
Well, @Forever, it's only then that you find out if there are any unmendable gaps :P
And topology of various sorts ... and core applied math. No, @Shahab, I know of none.
 
@TedShifrin yes, I tried this before, and there was a literal gap in my construction :D
But I think I fixed it
 
What would you consider core applied math?
 
diff eq
 
@Forever: It was after I already had a job offer after grad school that I discovered a major gap in the proof of my main theorem for my Ph.D. You can imagine a week of sleepless nights.
 
2:11 AM
I can totally imagine that
 
Numerical analysis, theory of ODE and PDE, yes.
 
OK...Is number theory not considered core graduate material
 
When you find one thing wrong, its like suddenly the whole thing unravels
and your mind starts racing
 
Not core, @Shahab, no. For example, I never took a single course in number theory.
 
@TedShifrin hopefully your phd thesis was about things that exist
 
2:12 AM
like sand going through your fingers
 
You referring to the famous story about the Ph.D. thesis on functions with Lipschitz exponent $>1$, @anon?
 
:)
 
Well, plenty of them exist. They just are very dull. Not worth 80 pages. :)
 
I hope you were able to fix it.
its the most awful feeling in the world I think
 
OK. Thanks. If there was such a book would it be useful in your opinion? Specifically for teachers and those who are preparing for job interviews
 
2:13 AM
Yes, but it was more subtle than I'd realized. @anon would be shocked to find out what my error was.
 
(a+b)^2=a^2+b^2
 
@Shahab: You sound confused. What do teachers and those preparing for job interviews have to do with going to grad school?
Nope, @anon, not quite that stupid.
 
but seriously my calculus students do that, and they also cannot do fractions
ridiculous
 
Suppose someone needs to to refresh all the things he/she has learnt quickly. Standard textbooks will take a lot of time
 
2:15 AM
I had a group action on a space and a function (well, actually differential forms, but that doesn't matter) invariant under the action. I claimed the function had to be constant.
Grad school takes a lot of time, @Shahab. I don't get your point.
 
Suppose someone has done grad school many years back (me for example). I want to revise all the stuff within a month.
 
Not possible.
 
My life is boiling over
It's happened once before
I wish someone would open up the door

Don't you know
There's fire in the hole
And nothing left to burn
 
You will realize that you've forgotten almost everything.
 
I'm exhausted from this proof
 
2:17 AM
Ok. So the standard textbooks (written from the point of view of a first learner) are the way to go?
 
If you took courses and did exercises, exams, start by reviewing all the stuff you did, yes.
Why are you trying to do this, @Shahab? What's the goal?
 
@TedShifrin what are the odds of someone proving the same problem at the same time, given that it's been open for around 40 years?
 
the goal is to write such a book. I am wondering whether it is a useful endeavor
 
I feel nervous about it
 
I doubt it, @Shahab.
 
2:19 AM
all right. Thanks for your opinion.
 
Graduate-level mathematics is a lot of deep ideas and techniques. Not something you can write a Schaum's outline for.
DogAteMy!
 
yes
 
If $f$ is continuous with at least one root, is it true that for any point $x$, there is a root of $f$ that is closest to $x$?
 
@Forever: Honestly, the chances are probably infinitesimal. But, even if it happens, if you know nothing about the other person (and vice versa), it is still degree-worthy (if it was in the first place).
No, @Simeon.
Unless you know the set of roots is a discrete set.
 
that's a good way to think about it
 
2:22 AM
So I'm finally at an airport. Someone teach me about blowups?
 
Airport? Huh?
 
blowing up 8 pts on a plane joke reference
 
I'm going to Israel for the Jewish holiday of Passover
 
lol, what was the context behind @MikeMiller's comment on the right?
 
Oh wow, safe voyage, DogAteMy.
 
2:24 AM
@ForeverMozart US would have more money for things like education if not for throwing a lot of it at military stuff
 
BTW, DogAteMy, I am (unobservantly) Jewish. I certainly know what Pesach is :P
 
@anon yes, and at football
 
Oh, I didn't know
 
the freaking coach makes 5 million a year
 
Don't get me started on college athletics ...
 
2:27 AM
the math building is 50 years old and crumbling, but we have an indoor practice field!
hell, it's probably 60 years old
 
Well, @Forever, you only have to look at the presidential/state politics to realize how screwed up this priorities in this country are.
 
I'd rather not go down that road, let's stay positive
 
I didn't realize we'd been positive.
 
talkin math is positive :)
 
@anon never followed up on the major gap in my proof — oh well. :P
 
2:33 AM
heh
 
if it's in analysis, I probably wouldn't understand it
I only know the basics
 
Well, it was really a basic notion of group actions ... Somebody invariant is only constant when the action is transitive :(
 
is it possible to write a PhD thesis about more than one problem?
 
Sure.
 
I have 2 or 3 problems in topology I've been working on
and I've made decent progress on each
but no home run yet
 
2:37 AM
Well, there's a question of when "decent" constitutes degree-worthy or publishable, but, sure.
 
my advisor thinks some of it is publishable
 
Well, your adviser is ultimately the arbiter.
 
but I'm such a perfectionist that I'll never arrive at a draft that I'm happy enough to publish
 
evening
 
Real quick... Is it possible to write $$\int_{c}^{d}\int_{a}^{b}(x^2y+2x^3y+3x^2y^2)\,\text{d}x\text{d}y$$ as a sum of three double integrals and then "split" each by $x$ and $y$?
 
2:39 AM
the tricky thing about doing multiple problems is whether you can arrange them into one thesis
 
Hi @Semiclassic
Yes, @Brody, because you're integrating over a rectangle. (Taking the sum of the integrals is never a problem.)
 
@Semiclassical well two of them are sort of related, but the third is not related at all
 
hi @skull
 
hello Professor @TedShifrin
 
Thanks @TedShifrin
 
2:41 AM
@skillpatrol steely dan is 70s, yes :)
 
:)
pure 70s
 
who's from the impure 70s?
 
not me, I just listen to steely dan and neil young lately
 
Can this can be generalized to any multiple integral of a polynomial in $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ provided the domain of integration is "rectangular"?
 
I mean, Woodstock was impure, but it was 60s.
 
2:43 AM
69/70, who's counting
 
Needn't be a polynomial, @Brody. As long as you can write a term as a product of $f_1(x_1)f_2(x_2)\dots$, you can do it for a rectangular domain.
OK, I'm heading off. Take care, all.
 
Gotcha @TedShifrin. It only need be a sum of terms where each is separable. Thanks again!
 
Cya later
 
@TedShifrin bye. glad I could be of use with the Dowker spaces
 
Bye TS
 
2:46 AM
@BalarkaSen you here?
 
3:02 AM
any topologists here???
 
So why is $\frac{\operatorname d}{\operatorname d\!x}\rm Istanbul$ equal to $0$?
Because the derivative of a Constantinople is zero!
 
What is the (perhaps geometric) intuition behind the surface integral of a scalar-valued function?
 
@AkivaWeinberger whaaat
 
Hold that question. I'm being less lazy and looking at reference sites now.
 
@ForeverMozart Constantinople
 
3:12 AM
oh, wow
very clever
 
Take 2... What is the (perhaps geometric) intuition behind the surface integral of a scalar-valued function?
 
it's just the "volume" of the domain times the scalar
assuming you're working with functions from $\mathbb R ^n$ to $\mathbb R$
 
For simplicity we'll say the scalar field is in $\mathbb{R}^3$
 
oh
sorry I dont do that
 
oh no :(
I admit my phrasing is rarely decent
 
3:17 AM
How do you make $\Bbb R^3$ a field?
 
you don't
they're talking about scalar fields
 
What's a scalar field
 
I just thought about something
 
meaning, scalar-valued functions
like a vector field, but with scalars
 
let's say you had to give one presentation to be king
 
3:18 AM
Ohh
 
to get the ultimate job or whatever
 
So, nothing to do with algebraic fields
 
nope
 
could you hire a personality coach
 
Aha
@ForeverMozart Is this the setup to a joke
 
3:19 AM
to help you know exactly what jokes and so forth would work on the audience?
to gauge your personality and help you with delivery and so forth?
 
you need to get a feel for what kind of personality the interviewer would like to work with, or thinks their employees would like to work with
 
maybe that's what I need
cause I have a killer result but people don't like me LOL
 
I mean, there are still plenty of senses in which R^3 can be made a field...
 
random thoughts
 
Perhaps it was better to say the surface integral has an integrand $f(x,y,z)$
 
3:21 AM
@AkivaWeinberger not a joke, a real problem
 
I still don't quite understand from earlier @ForeverMozart
I believe the line integral can be thought of as drawing a "curtain" under the scalar function, giving the area. Much like an ordinary univariate def. integral
 
@Brody what exactly?
I should hire Sean Penn or someone in Hollywood
to help my presentation style
a professional liar
 
Having trouble making an analogous visualization for surface integrals of scalar functions
probably since the integrand is already in three variables so the "curtain" would (keeping in analogy) extend "through" a fourth direction
 
its all in your head
 
Right... Probably overkill anyhow. I suppose a surface integral simply sums all the scalar values along the surface like any integral of this type would.
 
3:27 AM
age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter.
put that in your pipe and smoke it
2
 
It's 4/20 and everything
 
HAHA perfect!
@JessyCat you made my day
 
@ForeverMozart, I think I just made my own day
Duuude, star it! star it!
 
lol
i did dont worry
 
Muh, not that! The 4/20
 
3:29 AM
seems like poor practice :p
 
I didn't even realize today was 4/20
 
Cheech and Chong do analysis
 
all my dropout former friends are celebrating
@JessyCat analysis does make me sick
 
When it's taught right, it's not supposed to.
it's supposed to be fun :)
 
my professor was a pugilist
or a masochist
 
3:32 AM
interesting. one of mine did martial arts, but not boxing
 
he was german. very tough
classical blonde hair blue eyes 6'2''
 
the one i've got right now though reminds me of Mr. Mackey from South Park in the "drugs are bad, mmmkay?" episode when his head turns into a balloon and flies away
 
ever had a schizo professor who turned his back to you when he talked?
there's a saying
 
Yes, and ones who just point and gesture a lot.
And one guy who would never move so you could see what he was writing on the board
 
the extrovert mathematician is the one who looks at YOUR feet when talking to you
 
3:36 AM
First analysis prof I had was an Italian guy from Brooklyn. Best teacher ever.
 
I can imagine
 
passing question, are grad math professors better or worse than undergrad?
not precluding that some teach either
 
they just assume you can do more
usually very matter of fact, and if you can't understand something it's your own fault
 
makes sense for them to set a bar for realizing one's "mathematical maturity"
I just hope they don't use it as an excuse for lazy teaching
 
exactly. I had a famous real analysis professor who said I lacked mathematical maturity whenever my proofs were not as direct as possible
this guy was something else
 
3:40 AM
direct in what sense?
 
he stared off into space when talking to you
like he was in tough with higher being
touch
"you overuse proof by contradiction" and so forth
I've been lucky to meet some real characters
 
i can see how that critique can be justified, but he sounds like an offkey guy
 
very strange yes
 
well at least these characters made your school career more interesting
I'm heading out though. gn all
off to finish 4/20 with a bang, by listening to pascal rogé's piano and reading a book
 
lol, enjoy
@BalarkaSen where are you?
all you need in this life is ignorance and confidence, and then success is sure.
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than to open it and remove all doubt.
I can go all night.
all I ask of you, is make my wildest dreams come true
katy tried, I was halfway crucified
I was on my way to the other side of tomorrow
I should be a fuckin poet
 
3:58 AM
you are! a poet of logical ideas ;)
 
why thank you!
I needed some cafe music today, this proof is killing me
literally, I think I've aged 5 years in 4 months
Erdos is a monster
 
don't burn out :P
 
@skillpatrol I'm close. If there is a problem with my current proof, fuck it.
@skillpatrol you used to be skull patrol, right?
 
yup
i still have a skull army ;-D
 
oakland raiders?
 
4:14 AM
4life
 
6
Q: How to find the element of the Digit Sum sequence efficiently?

sashaJust out of interest I tried to solve a problem from "Recent" category of Project Euler ( the link Digit Sum sequence ). But I am unable to think of a way to solve the problem efficiently. The problem is as follows ( in the original question sequence has two ones in beginning , but it does not ch...

 
sorry it's 4.20 I cant do anything
2
 
4:35 AM
@robjohn pardon me for imposing on you about the math mod office :)
i didn't realize Arthur changed his username
 
age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter.
 
so are a lot of things
 
5:20 AM
@skillpatrol impose? when?
 
@robjohn when I asked you to consider putting the math mods' office on your favourite room list.
 
@skillpatrol Oh, no problem. I just ignored it ;-P
 
:-D @robjohn
 
5:39 AM
Someone save be from my despair; I'm grading calculus tests
 
what's the average so far?
 
I'm just going question by question so I'm not sure. I've been grading this class all semester though so I know it's not going to be very high lol
 
differential?
or integral
 
It's a class that's a watered down combo of both for non-math/science majors
 
5:42 AM
So they did derivatives and this test is on very simple integrals basically
 
non-math/science majors just need the "big picture" view, no?
 
yeah I think that's the idea
Anyway, this was my mental break and obligatory complaint. Grading is the last thing on my end of semester crunch list. (I can do it!)
 
Have you seen this? @datalava
 
No. I've watched some of the OCW calc courses though. Looks like maybe the same professor
I'll watch that later -- thanks thumbs up
 
 
1 hour later…
7:01 AM
@AlexClark Hey, I see that Peter McNamara answered an question on MO that was so old that Ben Webster (who had asked it) had forgotten why he was interested in it in the first place :)
 
7:26 AM
@skillpatrol this seems like a nice resource for teachers of calculus to frame the course
(wow that is not a good english sentence i.am.tired)
 
8:06 AM
what kind of professors are permitted to be taken on in your unis both of ya ?
 
@TobiasKildetoft, that sounds like a "yo momma" joke.
@Agawa001, I think for us, they have to be tenure-track, research professors who teach at the graduate level.
 
@Agawa001 I am not sure what you mean by "what kind" of professor
 
Yo momma so old, she as old as a question Ben Webster asked about once and forgot why he asked it. Burrrrn
 
i thought they bring em from shaolin school and madhouse
 
I think it's also good if they've never been convicted of a felony. Although that really doesn't have a lot to do with job performance, so...
$\frac{1}{2}$
Duuuuuuude
 
8:30 AM
the only eccentric prof i had in primary school, he wore a pair of big oval glasses that made his eyes unproportionally big relatively to his face
and he talks in cryptic way, he uses mathematical symbols like overall, it exists, equivalence , induction, inclusion, deduction, all these logical notations that make his interlocutor waiting the opportun moment to give up the convo
 
user116211
 
user116211
Book - An Introduction To Algebraic Topology by Joseph J. Rotman
 
Hey
@MAFIA36790 lol that's pretty good
 
A fellow student was talking to me today about infinitesimals today, and I guess I never really knew or considered the true definition of an infinitesimal... Is one allowed to use them practically in mathematics? I'd like to learn more about this
 
@datalava They can be defined in precise ways, but this usually takes quite a bit of theory
How one does it also depends on what one wants to do with these
 
8:42 AM
Do we use them in defining integrals?
 
@datalava They probably could if one took that route, but I have never seen it done that way
Not many people really work with them
 
lol apparently the concept was banned by catholic scholars in the 17th century
 
@datalava So were most things probably (not that the concept had been made anything near precise at that time)
 
"that a continuous line is composed of distinct and infinitely tiny parts"
dangerous thinking, apparently
but that's hardly the actual definition of an infinitesimal
 
@datalava Indeed, the actual definition is easy enough, it is just a matter of constructing a place where it lives ($x$ is an infinitesimal if $0< x < a$ for all positive reals $a$)
 
8:48 AM
and, is this related to the concept of a set of measure zero?
 
@datalava Not really
 
9:00 AM
Seems like it's just more useful to define things in terms of arbitrarily small real numbers than trying to use infinitesimals, then..
 
@datalava Well, arbitrarily small reals then need to be replaced by limits
There is a certain attraction to just being able to pick an infinitesimal and work with that (though as I said, this is not often done)
 
@TobiasKildetoft okay.. thanks for your comments!
g'night
 
@datalava If you are interested in the constructions, my favorite one is of the surreals via combinatorial games
 
9:22 AM
Could some give me a hint in proving that if $f$ is not continuous at $c$ then it is not necessary that $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}f(x_n) = f(c) $ even if $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty}x_n =c$. I think I need to construct a counterexample and then use the definition of discontinuous but I am not too sure exactly how.
 
@GridleyQuayle For an example, try the function that is $1$ everywhere but at $0$ where it is $0$
And pick a sequence that converges to $0$ but is strictly positive for example
 
So if we pick $\delta = \frac1k$ and then we construct a sequence $x_k$ such that $|x_k -c | < \frac1k$ then we would have $|f(x_n)-f(c)| \geq \epsilon $ given $|x-c|<\delta$ ?
 
9:37 AM
@GridleyQuayle The sequence $f(x_n)$ will be constant $1$ if you pick things like I said
 
Oh sorry, I worked through your example and then I was trying the general case
In your example we can pick $x_n = \frac1n$.
 
But I figured I could use a similar approach for any f
 
@GridleyQuayle Indeed, there will always be such a sequence
 
9:42 AM
Thanks.
 
10:21 AM
@MAFIA36790 hah. HAH.
 
10:44 AM
How can I go about finding two continuous, non-differentiable (at $x=0$) functions such that $f(0)=g(0)=0$ and $f(g(0))=0$ but $f(g(x))$ is differentiable at $x=0$. I feel like you'll need $f=g^{-1}$ but I haven't made any progress in finding one.
 
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