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5:26 AM
la la la
 
@DavidWheeler Dude
 
@PeterTamaroff Sorry I didn't reply to your pings yesterday, I was out all day, came home and fell straight asleep lol.
 
@RagibZaman That is a healthy thing to do.
 
@PeterTamaroff Did you need me for any particular reason?
 
@RagibZaman I don't really remember what the pinging was for now.
 
5:31 AM
@PeterTamaroff hmm?
 
@DavidWheeler Ahammm?
 
u said "Dude"
 
@DavidWheeler Oh, I just started with the chapter on topological spaces.
 
now things will get...bizarre....
 
I have to prove that given $(X,\mathfrak I)$ a metrizable topological space, then for $a,b$ distinct points of $X$, there exist open sets $O_a$ and $O_b$ such that $O_a\cap O_b=\varnothing$.
 
5:34 AM
So it's basically like you are working in a metric space but you don't know the metric.
 
yes, that is what is called a "separation property"
 
Subsequently I have to prove that the topological space $(\Bbb N,\mathfrak I)$ with $\mathfrak I=\{\varnothing,O_1,\dots,O_n,\dots\}$ such that for each $n$, $O_n=\{n,n+1,\dots\}$ is not metrizable.
@DavidWheeler I'll jot that down.
 
More specifically, it is probably the most important of the separation properties, it is the Hausdorff property.
The name makes it easy to remember the definition and vice versa - A topological space is "Hausdorff" if every 2 points can be "Housed off".
 
@RagibZaman The definition of the Hausdorff axiom here is that there exist neighborhoods that are disjoint.
Basically the same, right?
I know:
 
Yup, precisely the same, when I say two points are "Housed off" I imagine I can put them in two houses and their houses don't go over each other lol.
 
5:38 AM
In turning a metric into a topology, the open sets are preserved.
Thus the open balls are open sets of the topology.
 
There are more open sets than just open balls
 
open balls are open sets, but not "the" open sets
 
Well, the open sets of metric spaces arent open balls?
@DavidWheeler Sorry.
 
(1,3) U (5,7)
 
5:39 AM
also true
 
is an open set.
 
open sets are unions of open balls
 
Well, because it is a union of open balls
@DavidWheeler Yes, precisely.
 
the exact term is: the open balls form a base
 
@DavidWheeler I proved that before: A set is open $\iff$ it is the union of open balls.
@DavidWheeler for the system of nbhds
=P
 
5:41 AM
a base for the topology
the open balls ARE a system of neighborhoods
 
So I should start with "The open sets in the metric space are union of open balls, and conversely, so the topology of $X$,$\mathfrak I$, consists of open sets taht are the union of open balls"
@DavidWheeler Yes.
$\mathfrak N_x$ is the notation Mendelson uses.
 
the notations for topology vary, i have seen the notation $(X,\tau)$ for example
 
$\mathfrak I$ is over 9000 times cooler.
And is appropriedly upper case.
$\tau$ is lowercase. It shall be left for insignificant concepts.
 
Why are we talking about unions of open balls and stuff? Aren't we doing the question about why the topological space Peter mentioned before is not metrizable?
 
he has a number of different problems he is working through, i believe
 
5:45 AM
O I see.
 
@RagibZaman First I have to prove a metrizable space is Hausdorff as you guys call it.
=)
 
Oh ok!
Draw a picture!
 
@RagibZaman LAWL
@RagibZaman No, but really. I can just choose $\epsilon<d(a,b)$, right?
 
Whenever you have a chance, draw a picture, things are much clearer. This proof becomes almost trivial once you've drawn the right picture.
 
@RagibZaman I know.
 
5:47 AM
Yes you can choose an $\epsilon < d(a,b)$
 
I mean, let $O_a=\bigcup_{x \in O_a}B(x;\epsilon_x)$ and $O_b=\bigcup_{y \in O_b}B(y;\epsilon_y)$.
 
i would choose $\epsilon$ < (1/2)d(a,b)
 
@DavidWheeler You play it safe. And I'm not a physicist. Leave to them the ugly $\dfrac 1 2$
 
no, imagine we are in the euclidean plane, and our two points are (1,0), (2,0)
then d((1,0),(2,0)) = 1
 
@DavidWheeler Hhehe sorry, in this case you're right.
 
5:50 AM
the two disks of radius 1 centered at those 2 points will intersect
 
In fact there was an exercise I had to make the same picking.
Let me see if it relates to this.
Here it is
 
there's no need to pick a "maximal" epsilon, but you can try to do so, if it pleases you
 
Let $a$ and $b$ be distinct point of a metric space. Prove there are nbhds $N_a$ $N_b$ such that $N_a\cap N_b=\varnothing$.
I chose $\epsilon <d(a,b)/2$ as you point.
@DavidWheeler Nah, I'm OK. I was just joking.
 
you'll need to invoke the triangle inequality at some point
 
@DavidWheeler To prove disjointness?
 
5:55 AM
yes
do you see why?
well, you'll have to tell me what "x" is
 
@DavidWheeler Can't I just choose two open balls? They are open sets after all....
 
yes, but you need to prove they can be chosen to be disjoint.
 
@DavidWheeler OK.
I'm on it
 
how do you show two sets are disjoint?
 
I'm just sketching the proof out
I hate having to rewrite stuff.
 
6:03 AM
one way (the way stated by your problem) is to show the intersection is null
you could proceed one of two ways (well, 3, but two are "the same")
pick a point in $N_a$ and show it is NOT in $N_b$ (or vice versa)
you'll have to pick an "arbitrary point"
or...assume the intersection is NOT empty, and get a contradiction
 
@DavidWheeler Yes, I'm doing that.
OK
I have that for any $x$ in $O_a$
$$\eqalign{
& d\left( {a,x} \right) < \frac{{d\left( {a,b} \right)}}{2} \cr
& d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {a,x} \right) < d\left( {a,b} \right) \cr
& d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {a,x} \right) \leqslant d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {x,b} \right) \cr} $$
So
$$d\left( {a,x} \right) \leqslant d\left( {x,b} \right)$$
I should arrive at the same
That is
$$d\left( {a,x} \right) \geqslant d\left( {x,b} \right)$$
Then it can only be that for every $x$ in both balls $$d\left( {a,x} \right) = d\left( {x,b} \right)$$
Sorry I was naivly thinking about $\Bbb R$.
 
no, it stands to reason that x would be closer to a than to b
 
@DavidWheeler Could you rephrase that?
 
what you want to show is that d(x,b) > (1/2)d(a,b)
which puts x outside of $N_b$
 
OK.
Wait.
 
6:16 AM
@PeterTamaroff What have you picked to be your open sets around a and b?
 
@RagibZaman Open balls.
 
With radius what?
 
half the distance between their centers
 
@RagibZaman $\epsilon <d(a,b)/2$
 
Instead of less than, just pick equal.
 
user19161
6:17 AM
@PeterTamaroff Note that there are also different non-equivalent definitions of the same term when it comes to the different separation properties you will study later on like $T_1$ and $T_2$.
 
radius for both balls: $d(a,b)/2$
 
@RagibZaman OK
 
Now suppose they intersect. You get a $t$ in both balls.
By definition of being in those balls, we have $d(a,t) < d(a,b)/2$ and $d(b,t) < d(a,b)/2$
Do you see a contradiction about to happen?
 
user19161
You are up early today @jonas!
 
$$\eqalign{
& d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {a,x} \right) < d\left( {a,b} \right) \leqslant d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {b,x} \right) \cr
& d\left( {b,x} \right) + d\left( {b,x} \right) < d\left( {a,b} \right) \leqslant d\left( {a,x} \right) + d\left( {b,x} \right) \cr} $$
 
6:20 AM
That is too complicated
Hint: Add the two inequalities I wrote.
 
Barf
OK
 
So you see it?
 
Cool =].
 
we have d(a,b) ≤ d(a,t) + d(b,t) < d(a,b)/2 + d(a,b)/2 = d(a,b)
 
6:22 AM
@RagibZaman So I have to state open balls in the metric space are open sets in the topology, for starters
 
which is why "open" is important, we NEED the strict inequality
 
@PeterTamaroff Yes, that should have been one of the first things proved when you defined these terms.
 
what the book is trying to show you, by the way, is that the hausdorff property can be used as a "weak substitute" for the triangle inequality
 
@RagibZaman I have that result is true because of a THEOREM I have on open sets in Metric Spaces.
They precsiely have the properties a topology should have
@DavidWheeler Good!
 
@PeterTamaroff Well there are no "open balls" in a general topology, you need the metric for the defining condition to make any sense.
 
user19161
6:26 AM
@PeterTamaroff Yes, and also there is no need to capitalize "theorem" or "metric" in such sentences.
 
that even if we have no notion of "distance" we can still separate using neighborhoods to tell "near" from "far"
 
@RagibZaman I'm talking about metrizable spaces here.
@DavidWheeler ;)
 
@PeterTamaroff Yes whenever I see metrizable space I just think of a metric space where we don't know the metric.
The moral here is, metrics induce a topology that is fine enough to "separate" two points, there will exist members of the topology that contain each of the two points but not intersect. In this sense the topology can "tell" the two points apart.
Imagine you can see open sets as a whole, but you can't see
inside" them. If your open sets are such that there exists two points are always "together" - if one of those is in an open set then so is the other, then there is no way for the topology to distinguish between those two points.
 
for example, in the indiscrete toplogy, you just have one big "blob", whose individual points remain a mystery to you
 
Thanks for the insights!
You're awesome.
 
6:31 AM
because your only neighborhood is X.
 
@DavidWheeler I have only been introduced to the discrete topology $\mathfrak I=\mathcal P(X)$
 
While with the discrete topology, everything is an open set so the topology is very "fine", it can see every little thing as different.
 
but just told it has that name
 
you can also go to the other extreme...the neighborhoods are "chopped so fine" they never interact with each other
 
Often for your purposes you want something in between these two.
 
6:32 AM
and that it is the "largest" one
 
each point is a neighborhood unto itself
and sometimes that's the best you can hope for, with a totally disconnected space, like the integers in the relative topology
 
Oh! Right. Every singleton of $X$ is part of the topology, right?
 
right, what is the intersection of an open interval containing k, with [k,k] (where k is an integer)?
 
Good morning
 
@DavidWheeler what is $[k,k]$ here?
 
6:38 AM
a closed real interval
 
But doesn't that vanish?
 
Not quite :)
 
no, it contains the single point {k}
 
@DavidWheeler DERP
Well, vanishes to a point. =D
 
i'm just giving you an example where you get a discrete topology "naturally"
 
6:39 AM
Or more dramatically, collapses into a point.
 
by considering the integers embedded as a subset of the reals, and using the subspace topology
 
@DavidWheeler I haven gotten there yet =P
 
you were doing the subspace topology of the reals (well, a metric space, in fact) yesterday
when we were doing the "intersect Y" business
 
@DavidWheeler Yes, I know about subspaces ofmetric spaces but not subspaces of topologies.
 
well topologies are very simple: they're the collection of open sets
in a metric space, you use the metric to DEFINE what "open" means
 
6:43 AM
@DavidWheeler RIght
@DavidWheeler But now I define a topology and call tis elements open sets
 
but you don't actually need a metric...you can axiomitize what open means
 
@DavidWheeler Open means being a member of the topology!
 
and then metric spaces become a "special case"
right..but a topology has to satisfy certain rules
 
@DavidWheeler Yes, yes, sure.
 
the null set and the whole space must be open
arbitrary unions of open sets must be open
and finite intersections of open sets must be open
any subset of the power set of X which conforms to these rules, qualifies as a topology for X
{Ø,X} is the "coarsest one", the indiscrete topology
P(X) is the "finest one", the discrete topology
 
6:49 AM
@DavidWheeler Oh, that is mentioned as an example, but don't tell it is called that.
 
the "standard topology" for $\Bbb{R}^n$, which is the one that serves as the "intuitive" example, can be constructed in different ways...one of these is as a metric space
 
@DavidWheeler I assume you're talking about the union of open balls in it.
 
in particular, the one inherited from the euclidean metric
d(x,y) = |x-y| (where this is a vector norm, |v| = √(v.v), that comes from the "dot product")
 
I am being told to prove that $(X,\mathcal P(X))$ is metrizable by using the binary metric $d(x,x)=0$,$d(x,y)=1$
I undertand now!
$0\Rightarrow$ the topology says "Dude, that element is in this set"
$1\Rightarrow$ the topology says "Dude, that element is not in this set"
 
yes, that is often called "the discrete metric", only x is near x, everything else is "away"
you can use any positive real number instead of 1, but 1 is "convenient" (simple, easy to grasp).
 
6:56 AM
I'll go to sleep now.
It is 4am
I end up oversleeping then.
 
somewhere, you probably have a theorem that says: if d is a metric, then so is d', where d'(x,y) = r(d(x,y)), for any real r > 0.
 
@DavidWheeler I don't have it but it is immediate.
 
in other words, we can "scale the space" it doesn't affect the metric properties
because the actual numbers we get aren't that interesting...we just want a way to say "nearer"/"farther"
 
@DavidWheeler You have a way to interpret anything!
 
topology is very "geometrical", we're interested in "spatial" properties
 
7:02 AM
@DavidWheeler So, how do I describe the metrizaation of $(X,2^X)$?
by means of the discrete metric.
 
when calculus is taught...you learn to do all sorts of cool things with limits and stuff
 
@JasperLoy Yep.
 
and it's the open sets that make it all work
 
@DavidWheeler Should I define open balls by means of $d$?
 
they gloss over that...a theorem will start with suppose f is differentiable on (a,b) blah blah blah
sure...using that binary metric, what is an epsilon ball centered at x of radius 1/2?
 
7:05 AM
@DavidWheeler Yes, yes!
 
and that shows that for every x in X, {x} is an epsilon-ball
 
Every singleton of $X$ is open
and its union is a subset of $X$
and so is any finite intersection
 
so therefore, every element of P(X) is a union of epsilon-balls
 
I, Sir, am also a union of balls.
 
so when you use "the same construction" as any metric space, you get that the collection of all open sets is the power set of X, under that binary metric
this is topology, not tea-bagging
 
7:09 AM
@JonasTeuwen Good morning, your ball-ness :)
 
you have to admit, though, as a topology...it's not very "interesting"
we just throw in every set we can think of, sort of unfair
 
@OldJohn :-. Hi.
@DavidWheeler It is very fair: no discrimination. All balls are welcome!
 
Topologies tend to be most interesting when they have "enough" open sets but not "too many" (in some sense)
 
@OldJohn Ahh! Weak topologies. Spoken as a true analyst.
 
yes...when they are "warm and fuzzy" (advanced technical terms i prefer not to define)
 
7:13 AM
I need to study some category theory.
 
@JonasTeuwen Yep - I had a love-hate relationship with fine topology in potential theory
 
Bye byes peoples of the math.
 
now forgotten most of it
 
Have a good one.
 
@PeterTamaroff Bye Peter
 
7:14 AM
@DavidWheeler Special thanks to you and @RagibZaman for the enlightment!!
 
universal properties still seem like cheating to me, somehow
like this is "the that", because it does just what we want it to
 
@DavidWheeler Agreed
Breakfast beckons - back later
 
@MattN. Sup!
@OldJohn Perhaps true love. Involves hate sometimes.
 
7:30 AM
@JonasTeuwen Yes indeed - sometimes these mathematical mysteries keep us frustrated for ages, and then suddenly open them selves up to our advances and we make progress ...
 
@OldJohn :-).
 
user19161
7:42 AM
@OldJohn How was breakfast?
 
@JasperLoy Great, thanks - my wife does the best scrambled eggs :)
 
user19161
@OldJohn Oh I love scrambled eggs too, but I usually take soft-boiled eggs nowadays. Do you know what that is?
 
@JasperLoy Yes, we have tnem too
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Indeed. Sometimes love turns into hate. There is a thin line separating the two. Unless you are talking about that Buddha guy's universal compassion.
 
@JasperLoy You know what the last thing (I believe it was the last) Bertrand Russell said on TV? :-).
 
user19161
7:45 AM
@JonasTeuwen No, I don't know.
 
@JasperLoy "Hatred is foolish, love is wise."
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen When people talk like that, either they are truly wise and know what they are talking, or they are truly foolish and just parroting others.
 
@JasperLoy Russell was truely wise. Here it is: io9.com/5827117/…
Apparently not his last. He looked really old there though 8-).
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Hah, maybe I was Bertrand Russell in my previous life. :-)
 
@JasperLoy Hmm... well... start being very profound then! Or is that now how it works?
 
user19161
7:48 AM
@OldJohn I usually take it with soya sauce. Is that what you do too?
 
@JasperLoy Nah - I prefer a bit of fresh chopped chilli :)
Russell was a great guy - but have you ever looked at his Principia book? (Along with Whitehead)
 
user19161
@OldJohn That is unheard of here. Soya sauce is the norm.
 
user19161
@OldJohn Nope, never seen it.
 
@JasperLoy Interesting - where are you? I'm in the UK, but chilli is not the norm here - I am unusual :_
 
7:55 AM
@JonasTeuwen Hey there. Just doing commutative algebra. What about you?
 
user19161
@OldJohn I am in Singapore, your ex-colony. :-)
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen After watching that video, there was one girl in bra video that was advertised. Weird!
 
@JasperLoy Ah - sorry about that - being British means I often apologise for my ancestors behaviour
 
@JasperLoy Mm, it remembers your preferences.
 
user19161
@OldJohn I think they are good. Perhaps life would be better if we were still a colony. :-)
 
7:57 AM
@OldJohn At least you're not German... 8-). (sorry, bad joke)
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Ah, the GND...
 
@JonasTeuwen :)))
 
@MattN. Working on Puzzles.pdf :-).
 
@OldJohn I find it a somewhat irritating habit. Colonisations has its ups and downs, but I'd rather not be living in a tropical backwater.
 
Hmm my reputation has gone static, I must see if there are any questions I can understand enough to provide an answer
 
8:00 AM
bbl
 
@ZhenLin What is the annoying habit? If it is "apologising", then I am sorry :)))
 
@OldJohn So what? :-). Write cool stuff.
 
@JonasTeuwen :)
 
Or maybe colonisation is the annoying habit?
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Or write hot stuff.
 
8:01 AM
@JasperLoy Are you Donna Summer?
 
@JasperLoy Maybe not enough hot stuff on main?!
 
Almost all West-European countries have a colonial history.
I seriously wonder if the current generation has to feel guilty about that.
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen No, I had to google her.
 
Not even their parents could have been involved.
 
Precisely!
 
8:02 AM
@JonasTeuwen True
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen It's not necessarily a bad thing. In fact it is often a good thing.
 
The way people feel obliged to apologise about it, you'd think each country perpetrated its own Holocaust on its colonies...
 
@ZhenLin Well, for Belgium that is basically true.
 
shrug
 
If mass murder qualifies :-).
 
user19161
8:05 AM
@JonasTeuwen Never studied European history to know. But I think we should not think of whether we belong to this or that ethnicity for identity. We should just be true to ourselves.
 
I don't really know the history elsewhere in the world. But we got off lightly enough.
 
Hmm, it is so long ago... don't forget history, don't make the same mistakes again. Done?
 
user19161
QED.
 
In fact, as far as I know, any lingering resentment here is usually directed toward the Japanese.
 
user19161
@ZhenLin Did you know that "Jap" is considered offensive? I didn't.
 
8:08 AM
Well, historically, it was used as an ethnic slur during WWII...
nowadays youngsters use it because they're lazy
 
user19161
I only learnt about it a few months ago. I mean we do shorten lots of words in speech.
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Looks a bit like you bro.
 
@JasperLoy Thanks!
 
user19161
There is a stupid user on ELU who created over 60 sockpuppet accounts to override suspension.
 
8:14 AM
@JasperLoy Subnet ban...?
 
user19161
He has started posting offensive things about other users as well.
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen IP ban not feasible. I think TPTB are looking into what can be done.
 
@JasperLoy 60...? Then you have to make like 60 e-mailaccounts?
@JasperLoy If you keep banning his IPs he will run out of them eventually.
 
There are websites that let you make emails easily.
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Yes. At first I thought he is just a troubled kid, but now I think he is actually an evil thing.
 
8:16 AM
@ZhenLin Yes, but there are only finitely many of these.
@ZhenLin Or... you mean real ones and not redirects?
 
Pardon my ignorance, but what is ELU?
 
user19161
@OldJohn English language and usage SE.
 
Ah - thanks
 
@JonasTeuwen $10^{10^{10^{10}}}$ is a finite number too!
 
user19161
@OldJohn We also have CLU, GLU, FLU for Chinese German French.
 
user19161
8:18 AM
@ZhenLin I have difficulty parsing this expression.
 
@JasperLoy I must get round to looking at some of these - but not enough time for everything
 
@JasperLoy Overflow?
@ZhenLin Hmm... perhaps enforce the use of OpenID?
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Yeah, I know a googol is 10^100 and a googolplex is 10^googol.
 
@JasperLoy It think the idea is: like really really big.
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Yeah, but not as big as my balls.
 
8:20 AM
Mm...
 
user19161
Convergence is making smaller balls, divergence to infinity is making bigger balls.
 
user19161
I like the blue theme of MSE. Some sites have a red theme which is too bright for me. I think it would be nice if SE lets us choose from a set of themes for each site when we log in.
 
@JasperLoy Excellent idea
 
@JasperLoy Massage the CSS, bro, massage the CSS...
 
I must go and do some work in the garden - back in a few hours
 
8:28 AM
@OldJohn Have fun!
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Oh, that's what the programmer guys in the other room told me, but it should work OOTB instead of hacking!
 
@JonasTeuwen Thanks!
 
Hmm... If I look through our thesis repository I am acknowledged in some. I was unaware 8-).
 
user19161
9:16 AM
@JonasTeuwen Oh, you mean they cited some of your papers or wrote about you in other ways?
 
@JasperLoy They thanked me for my help (and/or support) :-).
 
user19161
@JonasTeuwen Ah, I shall acknowledge you next time too as my bro!
 
@JasperLoy Thanks 8-))).
 
 
3 hours later…
12:05 PM
sup @BenjaLim
 
Hello, everybody.
 
Hi Frank - and everyone
 
hey
anyone interested in group theory here?
 
Can only remember some of the group theory I did many years ago ...
 
12:12 PM
@JasperLoy Playing balls might be ambiguous -- football, soccer, or something else. We might as well avoid these ambiguous words.
I have no experience about group theory.
 
ok
 
@BenjaLim Which bit(s) of group theory are you working on?
 
transversals
 
Is that anything to do with cosets of a (normal?) subgroup?
 
yes
but no normal subgroups
 
12:19 PM
OK - it was a long time ago:)
 
@JasperLoy The French site has a rather unappetizing initialism...
 
12:38 PM
@BenjaLim Hey there. Want to proof-read my latest answer? Asking because if you haven't done this theorem you might benefit from it.
@J.M. Cute avatar!
See you later.
 
@MattN. Thanks. :)
 

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