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Anonymous
00:14
I don't participate in any sports at the moment, but I do some physical things on my own. We just got an indoor rower a few weeks ago, but I'm still working on developing proper form on it, so I'm not worrying about things like getting the best time I can or things like that right now.
Anonymous
I grew up sedentary and didn't really start doing anything athletic until I was eighteen or so, which I think is a shame in retrospect. I tend to find organized sports off-putting, but being sedentary is no good.
Anonymous
One nice thing about English is that we have so many audiobooks available. You can go for a run and listen to a book at the same time :-)
Anonymous
I wish audiobooks were so readily available in other languages!
Anonymous
These days, I can even go for a walk and chat on SE instead of sitting around while I chat.
Anonymous
Unless and until they force the new chat UI on me, anyway.
01:21
@snailboat Same here!
11
Q: Difference between "illegal" and "very illegal"

HayFrom my understanding of English, "very" means "more than the usual" or "to a higher extent". I've seen on several places the expression "very illegal", such as here as an example: https://youtu.be/ytDamqTjPwg?t=8m23s The bigger point here is, [the Pump & Dump scheme] is very illegal! Howe...

Ahh... that's our HNQ!
in ELL's Cabin, 4 hours ago, by Fard
6
Q: Is it possible for a word in a sentence to have two grammatical functions at once?

FardI just saw this question, which is about the whoever/whomever choice in these sentences: I will kill whomever I despise. I will kill whoever despises me. It made me think; what is the object of the verb kill? Is it not who(m)ever? Then what is the object (subject) of the verb despise in...

It's kinda obvious that it's possible, I think.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. It's a great question, too.
But we may have to define what are words, sentences, and grammatical functions, first.
Anonymous
Oh, I see! I wish I had read that before my discussion with Fard.
Anonymous
Somehow, I didn't see that Fard had linked to the actual question.
@snailboat I'm not sure if very illegal is a great question. It could be. I don't know.
Anonymous
01:29
I think in this case Fard was led astray by a misunderstanding of H&P's idea of functional fusion.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Hmm, well, let me rephrase slightly: I think that very illegal is a great topic to discuss!
@snailboat For example, if I saw something and said, it's green. What's this "green"? I think it could be ambiguous.
@snailboat Ah, yes. I think very ADJ. is a great topic!
Anonymous
Although we basically conceptualize illegal as a binary state, either it is or it isn't, we intuitively understand what very illegal means. How does this work, exactly?
I guess we use that very like highly or extremely.
Or strongly.
Anonymous
We do. But why would either of those make sense if illegal is absolute, either true or false?
Anonymous
01:31
It's the same question as with very.
Because we're human? :P
Anonymous
Obviously we can construe it as a gradable adjective.
Anonymous
We can grade it because we make it gradable.
I mean, naturally, we don't think of the grammatical aspect as often as the semantics.
Anonymous
Well, I'm only discussing semantics at the moment, really.
Anonymous
01:32
Of course it ties in with grammar.
So, if it appears to make sense, or we think it makes sense, we'd use it.
Anonymous
But the key point is that we're turning it into a gradable adjective.
nods -- I thought the term "gradable", although semantic-related, is more about syntax in English. It's almost so to me.
Anonymous
So we must be able to imagine a quality associated with the core meaning which can have greater and lesser degrees.
Does It's very green make sense? (I think it is.)
Anonymous
01:34
Oh, no. It's a question of whether or not the concept expressed by the word is a matter of degree.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Sure.
Anonymous
Though I have to imagine a context for it.
But why is green gradable?
Anonymous
It's not really, in its most basic sense. But again, we can come up with an associated meaning that has lesser and greater degrees, so we can construe it as a gradable adjective if it makes sense in context.
I mean, I think I can imagine a language that the quality of green is absolutely binary.
@snailboat nods
Anonymous
01:36
"Hey, Damkerng, are you feeling all right? You're looking a little green." In fact, he was looking very green.
Hehe!
I guess we do the same with very illegal.
Anonymous
Here, we can imagine a scale with Damkerng's normal robot coloring on one end and green on the other.
He could change the color of his exoskeleton, even! :D
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Right, so we come up with an associated meaning that's gradable. Although things generally either are or aren't illegal, some things have harsher punishments than others, or violate more laws than others do.
Anonymous
That sort of scale is what I imagine when I hear very illegal.
Anonymous
01:39
"Oh, man, that breaks so many laws. You can probably count how many felonies you're not committing on one hand."
nods -- Hmm... I'm not sure what they're called in English, but there are words in Thai (actually from Sanskrit) for "lesser-crime" and "heavy-crime".
Anonymous
It depends on the legal system, but we have (for example) misdemeanors and felonies here.
So, very illegal would be associated with a heavy crime, I suppose.
Anonymous
We also distinguish civil and criminal law here.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Yes!
Anonymous
01:40
The exact meaning of very illegal is, of course, not defined, but we're free to interpret it in any way that makes sense contextually.
nods
It's worth noting that "very illegal" is not appropriate in formal English. — Hugh 3 hours ago
Anonymous
> As I explained to my friends, taking out a camera is almost as bad as - it's literally like punching a baby in the face if you're in North Korea, you know. To these people, to the government, taking pictures is very illegal. And so I stopped a couple of shots. They were pretty fidgety. I just took out my handheld and out of nowhere these women in pink dresses appeared and they were actually quite mean and, you know, they seemed not very intimidating.
Anonymous
> But they grabbed me and wrestled me to a second-floor office and I was actually interrogated by the Public Security Bureau for the next six hours, which is their sort of secret police.
Now I wonder what we would say instead in formal English. Probably felony.
Anonymous
('Yale Senior Enjoys Uncensored Day in N. Korea', Talk of the Nation 2008-09-15 via COCA)
Anonymous
01:43
@DamkerngT. Felony is a technical term, though. I don't think it necessarily expresses the same idea, even though if something is "very illegal" it would most likely not be a misdemeanor (in the United States legal system).
@snailboat I hope the friends could make it, getting out of there. :-)
Anonymous
The appropriate expression would probably depend on context, so one might be "a grave violation of legal and social norms" while another might be "Man faces multiple felonies if convicted".
I guess that highly/strongly/extremely illegal are probably not appropriate in formal English, either.
Anonymous
The example above, via COCA, I think is a pretty typical example of very illegal, and I can't think of a drop-in phrase that would work in formal English.
But I'm not sure. They sound sort of okay (in formal English) for me.
Anonymous
01:46
@DamkerngT. There's no reason in principle why you couldn't use those, but I don't think gradable illegal is really well enough established in formal language, and I also think the idea it expresses is kind of vague.
Anonymous
For some reason, when I think of rephrasing it in formal English, I find myself wanting to express a more precise idea.
Anonymous
Hmm, I don't know. It'd be interesting to read some more opinions about it. I haven't checked out the actual question yet, by the way. I only read the question title.
Anonymous
But I think it's a great topic :-)
Anonymous
I did see the comment about very pregnant, which is another classic example of a usually "absolute" adjective construed as a gradable adjective.
Anonymous
I'm sure there's already been some discussion of this sort of thing on English.SE.
Anonymous
01:49
I don't think "hyperbole" is the right term here.
I think very pregnant is acceptable nowadays.
Anonymous
Oh, sure.
Anonymous
Again, informally.
Anonymous
Very illegal is also acceptable.
Anonymous
01:50
There are people who reject this sort of grammar, but it's too common to pretend it doesn't exist in a description of the language.
Anonymous
There are probably words that we can't do it with.
Ah, I got a handful of results!
(Oh, I chopped off the part of the URL that would limit the search only in books!)
Anonymous
I think the first thing that comes to mind when I hear very illegal is that the government really doesn't want you to do whatever activity is under discussion.
I think if one very is okay, two would be fine. :D
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Sure. After all, it's already gradable, why not treat it like any other gradable adjective? :-)
01:53
Oh, really is probably a good substitute!
Or truly, even.
The meaning changes a bit, but I think it would convey the same idea in formal English.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. It is true that gradability is a language-specific property, although in general it's associated with adjectives.
Anonymous
In English we have adjectives that are, in their most basic sense, not gradable. In Japanese, all adjectives are gradable.
Anonymous
Also, some nouns and some verbs.
I think She's very pregnant doesn't work in Thai.
Anonymous
The key again is whether they can be construed as having a gradable quality semantically.
01:56
(But we can say [she-pregnant-old-very]. So very can be used with [pregnant-old] ท้องแก่, but not with just [pregnant] ท้อง)
Anonymous
What does [very] modify there?
@snailboat I think it modifies [old].
Anonymous
There's a question on Japanese.SE where the OP asked whether the adverb omo ni could modify a nominal.
Anonymous
We've been discussing it in chat.
On the other hand, [this-illegal-very(-very)] นี่ผิดกฏหมายมาก ๆ is fine.
Anonymous
01:59
@DamkerngT. Ooh.
Anonymous
Oh, I just remembered that we have phrases like serious offense and grave crime.
2
Yay! -- adding them to my vocab chest
Anonymous
I think that sort of idea might be what we fall back on when we make illegal gradable informally.
nods -- The answer could be "any time". :P
Hmm... I had no real reason to split 'anytime' into two words in the previous sentence.
Come to think of it, it's a little strange that I linked the word มาก to very (even though I think virtually all Thais would do the same). มาก can be interpreted as other words, like a lot, abundant, etc., as well.
(Just a reflection on language evolution. If a generation or two keeps using a word in another language exactly the same way as a word in their first language, the two words would become one and virtually the same soon, a few generations later.)
 
4 hours later…
05:50
@DamkerngT. @IͶΔ @snailboat @CowperKettle @Jim Reynolds @Anyone...Where are you??? :) :D
06:33
@Student I'm around. :-)
Anonymous
07:21
@DamkerngT. I guess we sometimes link words in different languages mentally even if we know they aren't really used the exact same way.
Good time of the day, morning, evening!
Anonymous
Good tide! :-)
Ha,ha.
I thought of a universal greeting.
Anonymous
07:55
I like "Good time of the day"! I think "Good tide" is one Damkerng invented.
Anonymous
Does Russian have a universal greeting?
08:16
"красавица" is very optional though. (0:
Good-bye, Snails.
Harry Potter's "Privet Drive" has always reminded me of the Russian greeting "Privyet", but I suspect the pronunciation is quite different for "Privet"
I thought it was pronounced almost like "private", but it is close in pronuncation to Russian "привет"
@Student We are desynchronized
There is no induced dipole between us..
Good afternoon, @snailboat! Frankly, I consider it the best to indicate one's own time, although it does sound autistic and inconsiderate. But online, this eases the understanding of where your greeter is.
I'll go read what Araucaria wrote.
Anonymous
08:37
People might take that use of autistic the wrong way. Just a warning.
Oh, I'm sorry.
Anonymous
No apology is necessary :-)
("Look, guys! I'm a flat tire!" - "Stop fooling around, Mukhtar!")
Mukhtar (also spelled Muktar, /ˈmʊktɑːr/) meaning "chosen" in Arabic: المختار‎, refers to the head of a village or mahalle (neighbourhood) in many Arab countries as well as in Turkey and Cyprus. The name refers to the fact that mukhtars are usually selected by some consensual or participatory method, often involving an election. Mukhtar is also a common name. In Arab countries it is more often a surname (laqab), whilst in non-Arab Muslim countries it is common as a first name (ism). == People named Mukhtar == Al-Mukhtar, an early Muslim revolutionary. Radd al-Muhtar ala al-Dur al-Mukhtar, a book...
Anonymous
I never know what to say, so sometimes I use my time, sometimes I use the listener's. I guess we all get to be the deictic center some of the time :-)
@snailboat (0:
Anonymous
08:39
Good mornfternoon, @CowperKettle!
I thought "Mukhtar" was a dog name, but it turned out to be a turkish word.
@snailboat Danke schon, freulein! The top of the same to you too!
0
Q: What is grammar of these structures "room 101"; "flight 301", "building C", etc?

TomSometimes, I hear these structures "room 101"; "flight 301", "building C", "Sir Bill", "Captain Phillips", "Soviet submarine K-19" etc? But it's "Hilton restaurant", "Evan Almighty" Is there any grammar source that explains this? What is the rule?

postpositive adjective?
@snailboat Actually it was StoneyB. :D
BTW, good tide, everyone!
Good afternoon, @DamkerngT.! How was the sun occultation?
The occultation was a great success!
:P
(0:
I bet it eclipsed in beauty other occultations then!
08:45
I kinda envied Indonesian people.
2
Q: Why are two prepositions here?

Ruchir MIn a blog, the heading is written as following: North Korea's Kim Jong-Un orders further nuclear tests; tensions surge on in Korean peninsula Here in this heading, we have both the prepositions together. Is it okay? If not, then how can we re-write the last line? Also, I wrote a line end...

Though I think surge on makes sense, I wonder if it's standard.
Surgeons surge on on their duty.
Bye, Snails! Sweet dreams.
Ah, her avatar is still here (on my browser).
09:05
Hi! @DamkerngT. How are you?
I am a quick question for you.
Can we use bacteria as singular and plural?
Good, thanks! How are you?
Yes?
I am great.
For example: A bacteria is danger for us.
Oh, I'm probably not the best person to answer that question.
It sounds a bit odd.
And: Bacteria are dangers for us.
Any tip to remember as I have to leave in a few second.
@user62015 Yeah!
Tip? Hmm... consult your dictionaries when you're in doubt. :-)
09:08
I did.
But could not understand so came here.
Your dictionaries couldn't help you out?
Hmm... I wonder what dictionary it was.
Bacterium -bacteria
Anonymous
@user62015 I recommend you use bacterium as the singular form and bacteria as the plural. You might notice that not everyone follows this recommendation, though.
Anonymous
09:25
It's probably a little more complicated than that, if you want to be precise about it, but I can't look it up right now…
Anonymous
I think people tend to say "this type of bacteria", for example.
Anonymous
I think to most people bacteria is the more basic, more common form.
Could you please tell what exactly do you see as being different between these phrases? — CowperKettle 46 mins ago
Shouldn't it be "what exactly you see", I wonder.
"A bacteria is danger for us" - it depends whether you mean a particular strain or bacteria in general, all strains included, I think.
Of course you cannot mean a single bacterial organism.
Anonymous
Yes, it should be "what exactly you see", and tell needs an overt object.
2
Just like * media * (no learner knows the singular )
And data... Perhaps because the plural form is more often used (or used more often?)
Anonymous
09:43
There's a lot more to be said about each of these than just labeling one singular and one plural form, though it's a bit more than I can cover at the moment :-)
@snailboat Thank you, Snails!
> It's over: #AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol for the third time in a row
10:03
@CowperKettle What a mean machine!
10:49
@DamkerngT. Yes, I hope that Lee will win at least one of the two remaining games.
Or should it be "I hope that Lee wins".
@CowperKettle I think you wanted I wish Lee had won
@DamkerngT. No, he still has two games (or 'matches'?) ahead, even though he has lost the overall match (game?).
Maybe he will win at least one sitting.
Oh, I see!
It's three out of five, then.
10:58
Yes.
I hope he will win a game, too.
Because in a year's time, he may have no chances, considering how fast AI is developing.
11:15
Strange. No results for "we will be discontinuing"
0
Q: "we will discontinue the feature" vs. "we will be discontinuing the feature"

CowperKettleFrom the Poetry Foundation website's Favorites page: Due to needed upgrades to our website, we will be discontinuing our Favorites feature and user accounts effective Sunday, March 27, 2016. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. Why is it "we will be discontinuing" and not "we ...

 
1 hour later…
12:21
@CowperKettle google.com/…
It could be a bug.
Or it's fewer than 40 hits before 2008.
@DamkerngT. Yes, there are several dozens of hits in Google Books, so the phrase is legit.
 
2 hours later…
14:40
@Student Graveyard
I. Am. Totally. Dead.
LOL @IͶΔ
@CowperKettle The subject is "Ordinal and Cardinal Numbers" for "Room 101", "Flight 301", etc.
Hi @V.V. :) it's been a while ....
Ugh, everything hurts.
I played volleyball for 3 hours today, tore up my elbow, and drove my bike for 2 hours.
Hi, Student, MAR!
Why so @IͶΔ? Is that an obligatory?
@V.V. Hullo
@Student Yes, since I'm a masochist.
I should've studied Russian instead CC @Cowper
14:49
Are you alive?
Where are you @V.V.? :)
@V.V. Lemme check
Hmm, how do I check whether I'm alive?
I only know the procedure for humans.
I am here, talking to you.
LOL @V.V.
@V.V. Whoa are you a digital being?
14:52
Can triangles be hurt?
Yeah
But only by harder triangles.
My condolences
What?
Are you imitating me, because I'm the only one who talks nonsense here?
No, I have just deleted my answer, got some points for another, answered at RSE.
Oh
That's not how you use the expression, dude
14:59
@IͶΔ Submit yourself to Turing inspection; Alan would like a word with you.
I would not leak a word without my yawler.
@tchrist Didn't get the footer
The Treachery of Images (French: La trahison des images [la tʁaizɔ̃ dez imaʒ], 1928–29, sometimes translated as The Treason of Images) is a painting by the Belgian surrealist painter René Magritte. == Description == The picture shows a pipe. Below it, Magritte painted, "Ceci n'est pas une pipe.", French for "This is not a pipe." The famous pipe. How people reproached me for it! And yet, could you stuff my pipe? No, it's just a representation, is it not? So if I had written on my picture 'This is a pipe', I'd have been lying! == Context == Magritte painted The Treachery of Images when he was 30...
"Chat" in English means, well, chat. "Chat" in French means "kitty cat".
2
I see a chat in this chat
Two, if @Dam changes his avatar to Hagu
15:05
It would be "un chat" masculine not "une chat" feminine, but the cartoonist is referencing the "une pipe" from the Magritte painting.
Plus "une chatte" is a female pussycat. And the other.
Ahan.
Muschi in German, both things.
Muschi here means mouse, with a "cute" connotation.
Pronounce "MOO" as in cow-talk plus "she" as in Tom Cat's wife.
i.e. a cute mouse.
15:09
Oh, like mousey.
Like @Snail's hamsters.
Which is a cute mouse, I guess.
Yeah, but it's not /s/, it's /ʃ/.
I'm not even sure if it's a loan word.
Right, I gathered. So too the German.
There are no handy etymology thingies for Persian words. :/
15:11
Bye all. Good night from me; am about to go to a dream land. :)
All says bye
@IͶΔ Your Farsi word is from Sanskrit. Also, Latin had mus nom. sg. and mures nom.pl, muris gen. sg.
Uh, man, I'm coughing. This is the last thing I needed.
Latin mus:
> From Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s. Cognates include Ancient Greek μῦς ‎(mûs), Sanskrit मूष् ‎(mūṣ), Old English mūs (English mouse), Proto-Slavic *myšь (Russian мышь ‎(myšʹ)).
Why is mu so prominent?
15:13
Because it was in PIE.
@IͶΔ Because of the exam?
Note that the Farsi is not alleged to derive from the Latin; they are merely descendants of a common ancestral form.
25 mins ago, by IͶΔ
I played volleyball for 3 hours today, tore up my elbow, and drove my bike for 2 hours.
Aww
@tchrist Oh, yes! I've never thought that it could be related to English mouse.
Note that in English, one does not "drive" a bike; rather, one "rides" it. See also horse and hors d’œuvres.
15:16
Thai borrowed มุสิก (read "mu-sik") from Sanskrit (I think) as another word for "mouse".
Sounds plausible.
My arm just stopped bleeding.
I'm an idiot.
/me pins
@IͶΔ Huh? You were bleeding, too?
I tore up my elbow.
Digging on asphalt
15:18
When you mentioned elbow, I thought you meant sore.
Oh, no!
At least for once I didn't get torn clothes.
@IͶΔ See road-burn.
Or road-rash.
This is road hell.
You can busy new clothes but not a new elbow.
Well, I think.
I literally "slid" for two meters.
15:19
I could be wrong.
Twice even.
Why were you in a parking lot?
That's a good definition of the volleyball field I was playing in.
IIRC, it doesn't hurt as much as tomorrow. :P
If I can feel the pain within 5 minutes, it's almost always that tomorrow will be worse.
Worry not for the morrow, for the morrow shall take care of itself: sufficient unto each day are the evils thereof.
3
Well, it was a rough day.
Just so.
15:22
At least the action is over.
That is a hope, not a truth.
YES
I need some meta drama.
Good idea. :D
Some arguing over whether downvotes should require comments.
Or wait. These days the trending on meta.SE is that "mods are abusing their privileges".
Well, I think comments should require downvotes.
15:25
@J.R. is posting meta posts. He's abusing his privileges!
(╯°□°)╯︵ ┻━┻
So sorry, I don't read Sanskrit.
@tchrist That would be a beneficial addition to ELU.
0
Q: Could someone help me about this hearing

Kentaro TomonoCould someone help me about this hearing? From 0:24~,she ( the U.S ambassador to the United Nations, Samantha Power ) is saying “This resolution, if it passes, is nearly unprecedented in many respects as it’s the toughest, sanctions and resolutions that have been put forward in, in more than 2...

All that bikeshedding crap.
@DamkerngT. No we couldn't
I wanted to help, but the audio won't play on my browser.
15:27
I would help, but for one, my speakers are off.
@IͶΔ I think the majority would say it's off-topic. Still, I know that listening is very important in language learning.
@DamkerngT. Yeah, but helping one OP shouldn't get in the way of helping many.
A moderated site is way better for learners themselves.
We already have forums. ELL should be something different.
But well, lemme go and shout this 101 times to a wall, like what I'm doing on meta.ELL.
The ELL main chat room could be useful for these OPs.
Yeah.
That's what chat should be.
A place where contributors on the site can dump their garbage so the site remains clean. Now take what I said in a good way.
Yawn
I feel sleepy.
Maybe the effect of the wound just kicks in.
15:53
@IͶΔ Don't fall asleep! You might have fatal concussive narcolepsy! :)
Eats fatal concussive narcolepsy
 
2 hours later…
17:31
About negative let's question -
0
A: Don't let's wait / Let's not wait / Let's don't wait

Man_From_IndiaSo here I will talk about this three constructions - Let's not wait. Don't let's wait. and Let's don't wait. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The contraction form of let us in i...

@Man_From_India Heh, what's with the -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?
Good evening @DamkerngT.
Hello @IͶΔ
Evening @Dam
@Man_From_India Hullo!
It took me a long time to read and write that answer :)
What an answer
17:33
Hi!
Low!
Many quotations :-)
A Moby Dick of an answer!
A Moby Richard.
@IͶΔ I remember that word. From "Le duo des chats". (0:
The Duetto buffo di due gatti ("humorous duet for two cats") is a popular performance piece for two sopranos which is often performed as a concert encore. The "lyrics" consist entirely of the repeated word "miau" ("meow"). Sometimes it is also performed by a soprano and a tenor, or a soprano and a bass. While the piece is typically attributed to Gioachino Rossini, it was not actually written by him, but is instead a compilation written in 1825 that draws principally on his 1816 opera, Otello. Hubert Hunt putatively claims that the compiler was Robert Lucas de Pearsall, who for this purpose adopted...
17:43
We should write up something about this catroom. I mean chatroom.
BTW how is @Hagu doing @Dam? You haven't posted anything from him for some time.
sie fl pekwjv fkfowpf fkr
^Hagu typed that. :P
(0:
"Sie"? Hagu is very polite. The other German words are hard to discern though.
@DamkerngT. Wow Brit accent
18:22
A very impressive answer fom Man from India.
18:35
Dobry vecher, V.V.
@IͶΔ This is a well-spent day.
Well-torn.
Though I feel like a legend.
(0:
It's nice weather for bicycling here, very warm.
It's dark, but it's +2C.
Beyond bizarre.
Usually you could go skiing until about 22 March.
In your place?
Yes.
I remember I usually stopped skiing about 22 March because the snow turned into a crust of ice.
But it's 12 March, and it's already a crust of ice, with mudpools.
18:51
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