Language Overflow

Nihilist_Frost

03:48

1

Q: Does the pronunciation of "is" change when we do the contraction?

Ok, see these 2 sentences: It is over /ɪdɪzoʊ.vɚ/ but It's over /ɪtsoʊ.vɚ/. 's will be pronounced as /s/ because it stands after a voiceless consonant He's over sixty /hizoʊ.vɚsɪk.sti/. 's will be pronounced as /z/ because it stands after a voiced consonant However, I feel that seem people ...

pronunciation

Anonymous

@Nihilist_Frost When /t/ is realized as [ɾ], the distinction between the two may be neutralized, but it should still be phonemically represented as /t/, not /d/.

Nihilist_Frost

@snailboat A mishearing, maybe?

irked me too

looks like the OP needs extra perception practice.

Imagine how a Brit would perceive the flap T if he heard it

what's the easiest telltale sign of an NAmE speaker?

rhoticity?

Anonymous

Dunno. Rhoticity is one of the main ones. The vowels all sound different, too. And flapping is a big one.

Nihilist_Frost

@snailboat The metal vs. medal test

ask anyone if they are homophonous.

if they say yes, NAmE

Anonymous

Well, that's tricky.

Anonymous

04:01

See, they might actually be homophonous, but native speakers might not be aware of that.

Anonymous

We let spelling trick us.

Anonymous

Some native speakers think English has one "th" sound, because θ and ð aren't distinguished in spelling.

Anonymous

And some people trick themselves into thinking they pronounce metal and medal differently, even if they don't.

Nihilist_Frost

what about Mary-marry-merry merger?

Anonymous

I don't know if I'd trust people to be aware of whether or not they have that merger in their speech.

Nihilist_Frost

04:05

@snailboat Wikipedia says they merge to /ɛ/ in the merger. somehow I seem to merge them to /ɛə/

the "air" vowel

I dunno why

Dawny33

07:15

The Language Learning site has entered into the commitment phase. So in case, anyone here is interested in the site, can help it by committing to it :)

area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/82841/…

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

08:17

@Dawny33 Yay!

Damkerng T.

09:51

@Dawny33 Committed!

Dawny33

10:08

@DamkerngT. Yayy :)

I see this site would be really useful for polyglots and learners like me!

Damkerng T.

@Dawny33 I think so! :D

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

11:09

@Dam @Stoney @Snail @anyone else who likes LitCrit, we have a new room named Shakespear Treasury that you can discuss his works in.

Also @Cop

CopperKettle

11:31

@DamkerngT. -- good afternoon! And Muhammad, too!

@MaulikV Man is mortal, The Journey of Man. To Tom Lee, this post should be helpful: english.stackexchange.com/questions/26481/…. — Damkerng T. 2 mins ago

Damkerng T.

Hello!

CopperKettle

A nice comment, but we should distinguish between the use of articles in generic noun phrases and their use in descriptive constructions. The descriptive construction of the type "I am man" is a rare animal in English. Man tends to be used similarly to the tiger in "The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct."

Damkerng T.

@CopperKettle Yes, we should. I think Rimmer (or whatever his name is) did a nice job explaining it.

CopperKettle

Oh, I'll read it then!

"And she, mistaken, seems to dote on me.
What will become of this? As I am man,
My state is desperate for my master's love;
As I am woman,—now alas the day!—
What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe! "

Damkerng T.

Hah!

Poetic license!

CopperKettle

11:37

Yes. If you have an unexpired poetic license, you can use man in any way you wish.

Damkerng T.

LOL

CopperKettle

(0:

Note that we also have construction of the kind "I am man enough to face this challenge" --- a mass-noun usage of man. No article either.

Damkerng T.

Oh, right!

Hmm... is that man a noun or an adjective?

CopperKettle

oh. it could be an adjective.

2

Q: In the phrase "man enough", is man an adjective?

I do realize that the phrase "to be man enough" is an idiom. But I wonder what is the grammatical/syntactic role that man plays in it. Is it an uncountable noun? An adjective? An adverb? Or perhaps because the phrase is an idiom, the question makes no sense?

grammar idioms

Damkerng T.

That's fast!

CopperKettle

11:41

You just wait 100 years. Every question's answer will be on StackExchange.

Damkerng T.

Haha!

CopperKettle

"What is the meaning of life?" - "Closed as duplicate. This question has answers on: SE Grammar, SE Programming, SE Movies, SE Japanese, SE Russian, SE Mechanical Engineering."

Damkerng T.

Hehe!

CopperKettle

(0:

Damkerng T.

I asked "What is the meaning of 'life'?" once. :P

CopperKettle

11:43

(0:

Damkerng T.

My unicorn loved your question. — medica Apr 1 '14 at 4:26

:-)

CopperKettle

16

A: What is the meaning of 'life'?

42. According to wikipedia 42 (forty-two) is the natural number immediately following 41 and directly preceding 43.

That was easy. (0:

Damkerng T.

Hehe!

CopperKettle

12:26

0

A: I am man or I am a man?

Can I say "I am man"? An interesting question. The answer is "in the majority of cases, no! In a poem or in a song or in other such context, yes, sometimes". 'Man' in Generic Noun Phrases When we use man as a noncount noun, we usually speak of humanity as a whole, or of a "prototypical...

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

I am molecule.

CopperKettle

@Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ. That would fit in a poem.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

(/¯◡ ‿ ◡)/¯ ~ ┻━┻

CopperKettle

Unless "Molecule" is a unique capacity or role. "I am Chief Manager at IBM. Nice to meet you! And I am Molecule at Atoms R Us"

Damkerng T.

12:45

@CopperKettle Haha! I bought it for a few seconds!

V.V.

Hi, everybody! Nice to see you .@Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.What are those signs of yours, any language?

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

@V.V. Greek.

Hullo!

Capital mu, capital lambda, and a ligature of I and R.

Y and R? I forgot.

Anyway they're Unicode chars and you can look them up.

V.V.

And the meaning? Sorry, it's all Greek to me.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

@V.V. MAR is my initial.

V.V.

13:02

I see. Sorry, I interrupted your talk. Congrats to CopperKettle.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

@V.V. You didn't!

V.V.

I just visited Shakespeare for a while. It's a good idea but I can't imagine how it is supposed to work.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

¯\_(ツ)_/¯

I'm not the one who created it.

Anonymous

Is the spelling on purpose?

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

@snailboat Dunno.

But hell, I wanna call him doesn'tshakepears

Hullo BTW!

Damkerng T.

13:17

@snailboat Ahh... must've been a misspelling.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

Question: Did Shakespeare shake pear?

Damkerng T.

Maybe his pen was his spear.

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

@DamkerngT. urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=boom+shak

Damkerng T.

o_O

Ϻ.Λ.Ʀ.

O_o

CopperKettle

14:33

Do we say humanity or the humanity when referring to mankind?

Anonymous

Usually the former.

CopperKettle

Good evening, @snailboat! Thanks!

Jim Reynolds

911 call reveals Scott Weiland found ‘stiff’ on tour bus

Ambivalent meaning, however macabre

Anonymous

Thanks, headlinese!

jimsug

I <3 garden-path sentences so much, though

not headlinese, but... gives me the same feeling.

Jim Reynolds

14:40

:-)

jimsug

And my favourite popular linguistics blog has a post about it: allthingslinguistic.com/post/36385656700/…

CopperKettle

They could've written
> 911 call reveals Scott Weiland found ‘limp’ on tour bus

jimsug

> The man returned to his house was happy.

hehehe

Jim Reynolds

Clean and decent dancing every night except Sunday

CopperKettle

@jimsug You can read this as if the house owned the man?

jimsug

14:43

@CopperKettle The man was taken from, then returned to his house [by some other agent]...

CopperKettle

@jimsug Yes, I understood that. I just tried to construe another meaning.

Jim Reynolds

Ah! You are fast, Cop!

jimsug

Oh, right... the initial meaning? Or a different on altogether?

Jim Reynolds

Sort of like ... the cat returned to its owner ...

@Cop pinged both jims

CopperKettle

Ah, I see.

Jim Reynolds

14:46

Because you love both of us?

Pinged Jims Answer Cop

CopperKettle

What are the grammatical roles of man and the rebel here, I wonder: "I am man the rebel, man the helpless serf; Fate and my fellows cheat me of my wage." (Google Books)

Anonymous

15:05

I'm guilty of writing an answer-comment.

Anonymous

I don't feel like writing a full answer and disagree with basically everyone else, so I just left a comment.

Anonymous

Yep, it's perfectly normal to have no audible /t/ whatsoever. — snailboat 1 hour ago

Anonymous

Look at that answer-comment, all answer-commenty ;-(

Anonymous

Now I have answer-commenter's guilt.

CopperKettle

@snailboat On behalf of all phoneticians, I hereby absolve thou of thy guilt.

Anonymous

15:08

Thee

CopperKettle

(0:

Anonymous

There might be an articulatory gesture you could see with special tools that nonetheless doesn't result in any audible /t/. Shouldn't be hard to find actual textbooks that discuss this exact case.

Anonymous

But I'm too lazy right now.

CopperKettle

@snailboat Indeed! Thou art quick to correct an erring wight. (0:

Anonymous

books.google.com/books?id=9OWQGsOB62UC&pg=PA38

Anonymous

15:18

Maybe some enterprising soul could take this reference and fashion an answer of some sort

Damkerng T.

I think there is a difference between "pronounced" and "audible".

Anonymous

I did half the work! :-)

CopperKettle

I'm not into phonetics.. (0: I haven't yet dealt with articles.

Damkerng T.

People may have difference ideas when talking about "pronounce". If I place the blade of my tongue in the /t/ position but make no sound when I do that and move on to the next sound, do I pronounce my /t/?

Jim Reynolds

Dear @snailboat: In future, please answer, or comment.

Or neither answer nor comment.

Or both answer and comment.

Damkerng T.

15:22

These subtleties are hard, to observe or to explain.

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. Phonetics is divided broadly into three fields: articulatory phonetics, how something is physically pronounced; acoustic phonetics, the measurement and analysis of the sound waves produced in human speech; and auditory phonetics, the sounds we hear.

2

Jim Reynolds

Or let it be the case that you both answer and comment AND do not answer and comment.

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Of there's no discernable sound, I'd say you did not pronounce that sound.

Anonymous

It's well known that an articulation may or may not produce an acoustic difference, and even if it does it may not be consistently audible.

Anonymous

That is why I suggested that in some cases an articulatory gesture might be present but not result in an audible /t/

Damkerng T.

15:24

nods -- I think that happens very often!

Anonymous

Another example of the difference: two people might pronounce /r/ in two different ways, but they might be acoustically quite similar and auditorily indistinguishable!

Anonymous

Argh, I meant to say articulate rather than pronounce, but I can't fix it on my phone.

Anonymous

I found this, too: rachelsenglish.com/hurricane-sandy

Damkerng T.

Hurricane sandy?

Anonymous

She covers the pronunciation of last night there.

CopperKettle

15:27

@DamkerngT. the text has "last night"

Anonymous

I'm on my phone and am too lazy to do anything but chat!

CopperKettle

> in the sentence fragment ‘last night’. Notice I didn’t say the T in the word ‘last’.

Anonymous

Oh, I'm a lousy contributor :-)

Damkerng T.

Hmm... If two speakers, one claims that she did say her T, the other claims that she did not, but both of them produced exactly the same output(!), who is right?

Maybe both of them are.

Anonymous

Most native speakers have a fairly poor awareness of their own pronunciation.

Damkerng T.

15:30

@snailboat I'm sorry. I was just thinking out loud before clicking the link!

Anonymous

Native speakers typically think of careful pronunciation when they think of how they pronounce words. It's their mental model of the words, even if it's not how they actually say them.

Anonymous

Typically native speakers can't answer questions about connected speech processes because these processes contradict their intuition and perception of their own speech.

Anonymous

For example, try saying ten pennies.

Anonymous

Odds are you'll assimilate that /n/ to the following /p/, and it'll turn into an [m]. But no one thinks of it as tem pennies.

Anonymous

That's just counterintuitive.

Anonymous

15:34

So if we take a pair of native speakers and ask them your question, odds are they'll both be wrong :-)

Anonymous

Orthography is another major bias.

Anonymous

We think we pronounce everything like it's spelled.

Damkerng T.

There is a related old ELL question (not very old) about /z/ coming out as [s].

@snailboat That's quite possible!

Anonymous

It never does.

Anonymous

It can be [s], but not /s/.

Damkerng T.

15:36

Ah, right! My bad.

Anonymous

@JimReynolds I'll have you know, Copper Kettle officially absolved me of my guilt not fifteen minutes ago! :-) So I don't have to do any of those things you said!

CopperKettle

Verily so, by welkin!

Anonymous

Whelkin'!

CopperKettle

welkin is a beautiful English word for sky!

Jim Reynolds

OK. Then it's as if a dog barked up the wrong tree in the forest.

a forest?

Anonymous

15:40

And whelking is a beautiful English word for, um, whatever whelk means when you verb it!

CopperKettle

Whelk

Whelk is a common name that is applied to various kinds of sea snail, many of which have historically been used, or are still used, by humans and other animals for food. Although a number of whelks are relatively large and are in the family Buccinidae (the true whelks), the word whelk is also applied to some other marine gastropod mollusc species within several families of sea snails that are not very closely related. == Usage == The common name "whelk" is also spelled welk or even wilks. The word originated from the Proto-Germanic root "weluka", which may come from the Proto-Indo-European root...

Anonymous

Did I convince anyone to write the answer for me?

CopperKettle

whelk stall

Noun: whelk stall ‎(plural whelk stalls)

(Britain, colloquial, slang) A small enterprise which is very simple to run.

Anonymous

I left the links in a comment. Now someone's bound to write an answer!

Damkerng T.

@snailboat The OP's just got another answer!

Anonymous

15:46

Oh!!

Damkerng T.

in your comment :P

Anonymous

Nooo

Damkerng T.

(sorryyy!)

Anonymous

I'm trying to gently nudge in the right direction

Anonymous

By including the entire answer in a comment

Anonymous

15:47

Oh, I'm the worst kind of user :-)

Anonymous

I'm back to comment-answerer's guilt!

Damkerng T.

I think it's a good thing. Just my opinion, though. :-)

CopperKettle

@snailboat I'm out of indulgencies for today! (0:

Damkerng T.

You could meat it up later, though, if you'd like.

Anonymous

I just don't feel like writing an answer post from my phone, really.

Anonymous

15:49

Typing up a quote from that book is near impossible from my phone.

Damkerng T.

I'm guilty of thinking that we can't really distinguish "las night" from "last night" in spontaneous speech.

CopperKettle

Pete Seeger seems to swallow the t

Anonymous

Well, you could make a clearly audible /t/, but it'd be rather unnatural sounding.

CopperKettle

(A great rendition of the song, I've never heard it.)

Anonymous

The easiest way to make it audible would be to pronounce and release the /t/, which would mean you were pronouncing the words by themselves rather than as connected speech (the normal way to speak).

CopperKettle

15:53

nods

Anonymous

Preferably with a bit of a pause between the words.

Anonymous

But it sounds kind of silly :-)

Damkerng T.

Yep!

Anonymous

People naturally connect words.

CopperKettle

and Joan Baez seems to pronounce "something", but I can't discern. It does sound like a "t"

Anonymous

15:56

@DamkerngT. I think you could write an answer about what you said! :-)

Anonymous

I like your take on it.

Anonymous

Okay, I'm officially done trying to make other people answer it. I apologize :-)

Anonymous

But I do like your take on it.

Anonymous

-1

Q: Could it be correct to say "make your dream real"?

Could it be correct to say "make your dream real" instead of "make your dream become true"?

word-choice

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Hah! But it's just my idea!

Anonymous

16:02

The comment and answer here suggest make your dream real is unidiomatic.

Damkerng T.

(I have no real proof for it.)

Anonymous

I actually thought it sounded okay :-)

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. To Google Scholar!

CopperKettle

It sounded okay to me, but as a Muggle.. I mean a non-native, I durst not answer.

Damkerng T.

Oh! Thanks! Maybe I should try to pitch in a bit.

Anonymous

16:04

I think one of the rules in Ladefoged & Johnson explains the /t/ disappearing.

Damkerng T.

But... "I'm looking for feedback from native speakers."

StoneyB

@DamkerngT. "If I place the blade of my tongue in the /t/ position but make no sound when I do that and move on to the next sound, do I pronounce my /t/?" I've been working on the same question, and here's what I've tentatively come up with -- does it make sense to you?

Damkerng T.

(I don't think he did anything wrong)

StoneyB

(This is for @snailboat, too, who raised the question).

The /t/ is pronounced, in the sense that all the features of its pronunciation are present; but in the particular context /læstnaɪt/ the /t/ cannot ordinarily be heard as a distinct phonic element.

Damkerng T.

I like that!

StoneyB

16:07

I then go on to look at the transitions from phone(me) to phone(me), since it is the contrast between adjacent sounds which is informative.

Anonymous

Okay, I've abandoned phoneville. It's a cold, rainy morning, but I am now at an actual computer!

StoneyB

In the /stn/ sequence there's no transition in articulation point--all three are apico-alveolar.

Anonymous

By the way, we discussed prince and prints already, right?

Anonymous

That's the same phonemic sequence but in reverse.

Anonymous

The distinction is neutralized since [t] can be inserted in prince and /t/ can be elided from prints, and it's hard to hear the difference anyhow.

CopperKettle

16:10

@snailboat On December 18

Anonymous

But it is physically possible to produce two different sequences.

StoneyB

The transition from near-occlusion to full occlusion occurs between /s/ and /t/, but it's very rapid because of the homorganicity in the last point.

Anonymous

I had references for this last time we talked about it.

StoneyB

The transition from voiceless to voiced occurs between /t/ and /n/ -- BUT

Damkerng T.

@snailboat nods -- I remember that.

Anonymous

16:12

Let's see, it was: Stop epenthesis in English, Fourakis & Port 1986

StoneyB

In English, a stop assimilates to a following homorganic nasal, eg /tn/ → /dn/

Damkerng T.

Hmm... I think there's a /t/ in "Britney".

Oh, I see! /dn/

Anonymous

Fourakis & Port mainly describe epenthesis of [t], but [d] is also inserted (much less often)

Anonymous

But since both /t/ and /d/ commonly weaken or disappear entirely in that phonetic context, you can end up with a neutralization regardless of voicing.

Anonymous

Araucaria had an answer about this recently, I think, but it said something slightly different from what I remember reading elsewhere, and I haven't taken the time to track down the answer and the sources and reconcile them.

StoneyB

16:19

(Actually the /d/ should probably be a flap, but I'm ignoring that). Consequently, the only way a /t/ can be discerned in speech is by cancelling that assimilation, which can occur through the preglottalization TRomano mentions, or through non-standard fully audible release of the /t/.

Anonymous

In my speech, [ʔ] is the allophone of /t/ in Britney.

CopperKettle

@StoneyB So a person trying to clearly pronounce "lasT night" will slip towards "lazDnight"?

StoneyB

So all the definienda of /t/ are present, and the speaker can report honestly that he "pronounces" the /t/ -- but there may be no actually discernible /t/ present at any point.

Anonymous

So your "pronounces" and "discernible" are my "articulates" and "audible" :-)

Anonymous

1 hour ago, by snailboat

There might be an articulatory gesture you could see with special tools that nonetheless doesn't result in any audible /t/. Shouldn't be hard to find actual textbooks that discuss this exact case.

StoneyB

16:22

@snailboat But would you put a [ʔ] into Bristney?

Anonymous

@StoneyB Nope! That's hard to say, actually.

Anonymous

I just tried pronouncing it a bunch of different ways, and I settled on eliding the /t/.

Anonymous

Too much effort to try to make a /t/ that people won't notice anyway ;-)

StoneyB

I've been trying to find a treatment of glottalization in that context, but nobody mentions it, even as a negative.

Anonymous

T coda glottalization in AmE requires that the preceding sound be a vowel or sonorant.

Anonymous

16:25

That rule is given in the Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.

Anonymous

BrE too, I think. I would have to go find the exact quote.

StoneyB

@snailboat Ah! That's what I needed!

Or is it? Is /s/ a sonorant? I can never remember ...

Anonymous

Sibilants are obstruents.

StoneyB

Bingo! then.

CopperKettle

I found this: Cockney pronunciation of 'butter'. Is this how Britney is pronounced? Bri'ni?

Damkerng T.

16:32

I'm a non-native speaker, but I'd like to remind everyone that these followings are unnecessarily the same: what the speaker thinks they do, what they really do, what the listener hears, and what they think they hear. — Damkerng T. 15 secs ago

I commented in another direction. :P

CopperKettle

(0:

Anonymous

that the following are not necessarily the same:

Damkerng T.

I thought it could be a little awkward.

Is following always in the singular?

Anonymous

If you say unnecessarily the same, it means that they are the same, even though it's unnecessary. Not necessarily the same means that we can't assume they are the same.

Anonymous

Think of it as ellipsis. The following ~~things~~.

Damkerng T.

16:36

Fixed!

StoneyB

@CopperKettle Not really, because of what snail's just been helping me with. We tend to pronounce late-night either as laid-night or lay?-night; in this context X?-night is forbidden (because of the /s/), so the voicing transition regresses to the putative /t/, and all the transitions which mark the sequence /stn/ are also present in the sequence /sn/. QED

Damkerng T.

The not necessarily error is more important.

CopperKettle

@StoneyB Thank you!

I wonder how often we pronounce it "lay?-night" and how it sounds (or should I invert here to "does it sound"? D'oh). We just make an abrubt stop there. But I've read some Wikipedia articles these minutes and learned some new terms.

StoneyB

@CopperKettle Me too.

Anonymous

Someone tell me if this shows up right: l̩

Anonymous

16:43

There should be a small mark below the l indicating that it's syllabic. I'm typing up some IPA and want to make sure I didn't get it wrong for the zillionth time.

CopperKettle

@snailboat There is, even on my ancient computer.

StoneyB

Great joke, from Peter Roach's blog: I don't use the term "unreleased" - taken literally, an unreleased plosive would lead to the death of the speaker.

2

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Oh, and I thought my screen was dirty! :P

StoneyB

@snailboat It's very small and grey and a tiny bit off center on this display.

Anonymous

I'd like to type up a passage from Ladefoged & Johnson. Well, actually, I already typed it up, and now I'd like to paste it in here. So you'll all have to humor me and pretend the little thingy isn't off-center.

Anonymous

16:46

> (15) Alveolar stops are reduced or omitted when between two consonants.

Anonymous

> Rule (15) raises an interesting point of phonetic theory. Note that we said “alveolar stops often appear to get dropped,” and there may be “no audible [d]”. However, the tongue tip gesture for the alveolar stop in most people may be present but just not audible because it is completely overlapped by the labial stop following.

Anonymous

> More commonly, it is partially omitted; that is to say, the tongue tip moves up for the alveolar stop but does not make a complete closure. When we think in terms of phonetic symbols, we can write [ˈmoʊs ˈpipl̩] or [ˈmoʊst ˈpipl̩]. This makes it a question of whether the [t] is there or not. But that is not really the issue. Part of the tongue tip gesture may have been made, a fact that we have no way of symbolizing.

Anonymous

> [...]

Anonymous

> We must state not only where consonants get dropped, but also where they get added. Words such as something and youngster often get pronounced as [ˈsʌmpθiŋ] and [ˈjʌŋkstə˞]. In a similar way, many people do not distinguish between prince and prints, or tense and tents. All these words may be pronounced with a short voiceless stop between the nasal and the voiceless fricative. But the stop is not really an added gesture.

Anonymous

> It is simply the result of changing the timing of the nasal gesture with respect to the oral gesture. By rushing the raising of the velum for the nasal, a moment of complete closure—a stop—occurs. The apparent insertion of a stop into the middle of a word in this way is known as epenthesis. If we wanted to make a formal statement of this phenomenon, we could say:

Anonymous

16:47

> (16) A homorganic voiceless stop may occur after a nasal before a voiceless fricative followed by an unstressed vowel in the same word.

Anonymous

> Note that it is necessary to mention that the following vowel must be unstressed. Speakers who have an epenthetic stop in the noun concert do not usually have one in verbal derivatives such as concerted, or in words such as concern. Nothing need be said about the vowel before the nasal. Epenthesis may—like the [t]-to-[ɾ] change in statement (13)—occur between unstressed vowels. It is possible to hear an inserted [t] in both agency and grievances.

StoneyB

Beautiful. You've now written the answer you felt guilty about not writing. Post it, Danno!

Damkerng T.

+1 on Post it. :D

Anonymous

Most books I've checked, like this one, don't describe epenthetic [d], and I think that's because epenthetic [t] is much more common.

Damkerng T.

@snailboat You read my mind!

Maybe /d/ (or [d]) is different.

"send news"

Hmm... probably not a good example.

StoneyB

16:51

frenzy

(16a) A homorganic voiced stop may occur after a nasal before a voiced fricative followed by an unstressed vowel in the same word.

bronze-age. gonzo.

benzine. a fan's agony.

Anonymous

Oh, hamster is commonly misspelled hampster.

Damkerng T.

Hah!

Anonymous

Hampster Dance

The Hampster [sic] Dance or Hampsterdance is a song by Hampton the Hampster. It was released in July 2000, as a single. It was produced by The Boomtang Boys, recreating the Roger Miller hook and adding additional rap-style lyrics. The single, whose commercially released version featured a sound-a-like sample (the band having failed to gain permission to use the original), along with a number of other short voice samples from classic B-movies forming an abstract vocal line in lieu of a regular lyric, peaked at number 4 on the Christmas 1999 UK singles chart. This version was named "Cognoscenti vs...

CopperKettle

"The video was declared worst or cheesiest video of the year by MuchMusic in the one-hour special Fromage 2001."

Damkerng T.

> However, the tongue tip gesture for the alveolar stop in most people may be present but just not audible because it is completely overlapped by the labial stop following.

Oh, my guess was close!

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