Language Overflow

Damkerng T.

00:24

1

I thought to excerpt this article because it mentions the etymology, and concludes by using use and usage in the same sentence. https://coachdes.wordpress.com/2005/10/24/english-use-and-usage/: What is the difference between ‘use’ and usage’? Both come from the same Latin word usus (noun), ...

Look who posted an answer!

"I thought to excerpt ..." :-)

Apparently, the excerpt occupy about 98% of the "Use and usage" section, which is essentially the article itself, in the article.

The reference site looks like a good blog site about English.

Too bad it stopped some time in 2012.

Hmm... somehow my fingers and my grammatron don't work very well today.

I should keep trying to reduce the number of tabs even further...

Damkerng T.

00:48

Oh, I've just noticed one thing in common in all movies Michael Bay has made: there always is a character who talks hyperactively, with a mild anxiety issue (or at least the situation will force them to be so).

Could be part of his formula. :-)

It's like another step from news reporters. News reporters usually use the tone that makes the news sound exciting. These characters will make the movie sound even more exciting. It's on another level!

I can't recall such a character in Christopher Nolan's movies.

In Christopher Nolan's movies, most characters sound philosophical.

Damkerng T.

03:39

Word of the Day: roman à clef

> And when people give you the feedback you asked for, don’t be defensive! If you’ve chosen good, kind readers, they will not be mean to you for no reason. They just want to help you make your book better. Listen to them and understand what they’re responding to. This can be hard, but it’s a fascinating part of the process.

That somehow reminds me of ELL, learning, corrections, and everything.

Damkerng T.

04:03

@CopperKettle Great plot!

Damkerng T.

12:07

0

Q: *Increased* Verb or adjective

Can we use word Increased as an adjective Like below sentence "Water level is Increased" I found that in many sentences word increased has been used as "has increased" and "is increased". "Water level has Increased"

I was tempted to write something like If you write 'Water level is increased', chances are people will read it as a passive voice.

But it may be too rhetorical.

Come to think of it, I don't really know whether it's completely impossible to use increased in X is increased as an adjective.

Though it's very unlikely, imho, I still don't have a total answer.

Damkerng T.

12:37

3

Q: Difference between and usage of "Them" and "These/those"

What is the difference between them and these/those? What is the usage of them and these/those? Example sentence - Some of these are insured by govt... But I think "Some of them" is more common. But again there is nothing wrong with the quoted sentence.

word-usage difference

Something interesting that I'd already forgotten about it.

(The most interesting exchange would be the one between FF and MFI.)

When a speaker uses a pronoun, what makes the speaker choose deictic over anaphoric and vice versa? And under what conditions?

In other words, when will one choice fit better than the other?

It must have something to do with something cognitive, something that conceptualizes the world view for the speaker. But what is it?

Damkerng T.

14:52

2

A: Repeated tenses

There's nothing wrong with repeating perfect constructions as many times as needed—if they are in fact needed. But only one of the present perfects in your sentence is even acceptable. Let's take this clause by clause; (I'll format corrections which have nothing to do with your question like th...

Love the edit suggestions!

Damkerng T.

15:15

A thankless job

Damkerng T.

17:17

2

Q: how to differentiate between "implication" and" connotation"?

While I have studied some resources as to these terms, in fact, I cannot yet get what could be considered as their difference. Or, when could they be interchangeable, when not? Any comment would greatly be appreciated

vocabulary connotations implication

A simplistic explanation: connotations comes with the words, implications come with the use.

CopperKettle

18:18

@DamkerngT. A crazy propagandist plot, but I didn't know that then, and the book was interesting! (0:

Damkerng T.

18:42

Can gone be a proposition?

> They stayed until past midnight.

> They stayed until gone midnight.

> They stayed until bygone midnight.

> They stayed until five minutes around bygone midnight.

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. I haven't met such a combination even in poetry.

Good evening, Damkerng!

Damkerng T.

Good evening!

Surprisingly, I found it on ELL. And after a quick check, I think it's natural enough.

ell.stackexchange.com/a/62184/3281

CopperKettle

CGEL page 611, then. (0:

Damkerng T.

(It's a deleted answer, but it's there. Too bad I don't have CGEL to verify it. But I found people use the phrase "until gone midnight" often enough on the web.)

nods

CopperKettle

That cinches it. CGEL is the Bible. (0:

Damkerng T.

18:51

LOL

CopperKettle

or the Pali Canon of English Grammar (0:

Damkerng T.

Haha!

CopperKettle

Raspberry has ripened in the Urals (0:

This particular bush it now berry-less (0:

Damkerng T.

Oh, that makes me want to go to the woods in the north again some day!

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Great idea! Make some photos!

Damkerng T.

19:00

:D

CopperKettle

I guess there are dangers in your woods, like snakes and other creatures.

Damkerng T.

Sometimes, yes.

I've never run into it myself, though.

CopperKettle

Here, the tick is the key plague. You could be bitten and get encephalitis.

Damkerng T.

Oh!

CopperKettle

You then could become paralyzed, demented, or paralyzed and demented, or just dead.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Although TBE is most commonly recognized as a neurological disorder, mild fever can also occur. Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae are observed in 10 to 20% of infected patients. The number of reported cases has been increasing in most countries. The tick-borne encephalitis virus is known to infect a range of hosts including ruminants, birds, rodents, carnivores, horses and humans. The disease can...

Damkerng T.

19:02

It's only malaria over here.

CopperKettle

Luckily, there's a vaccine shot scheme for tick encephalitis, but you have to vaccinize yourself beforehand..

Damkerng T.

nods

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Yes, I've read many times about malaria, in adventure stories (0:

Damkerng T.

@CopperKettle Luckily, never got one myself. :-)

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Great!

There are malarial mosqitoes in Siberia, but they are probably rare.

Damkerng T.

19:05

In my younger days, I went up north almost every winter and summer.

I kinda miss those days.

CopperKettle

Trekking in the nature?

Great!

Damkerng T.

nods -- And help people in the villages.

CopperKettle

Help people? Volunteering?

Damkerng T.

Yes. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_tribe_%28Thailand%29

Some winters I went up there for my own pleasure. :D

CopperKettle

(0:

Damkerng T.

19:07

But I've been in many villages of Hmong, Akha, and Karen people.

Have you ever had to use the encephalitis vaccine?

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Yes, I've had three standard shots, the next one will be in 2018. So until 2018 I can safely venture into the woods. (0:

Which I did today, a bit. (0:

Damkerng T.

Oh, so it needs to be renewed? (I think renew is not the right word, but I can't think of a better one at the moment.)

@CopperKettle Yay!

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Yes, you've got to rechallenge the immune system so that it refreshes the antigen memory

Damkerng T.

Ahh

CopperKettle

Shot 1 -> 3 months -> Shot 2 -> 12 months -> Shot 3 -> 3 years (and 3 years each time after that)

Damkerng T.

19:11

Ahh

CopperKettle

Damkerng T.

What a view!

CopperKettle

The town of Polevskoy, from Azov Hill

(0:

Damkerng T.

Kinda envy you a bit here. :D

CopperKettle

You should get a bicycle and hook up with your local bicycling enthusiast community (0:

You don't have 8-month-long winters, after all (0:

After that, I will be envying you (0:

Damkerng T.

19:14

Hehe! Thanks! but I don't like to ride a bike in a big city. :D

@CopperKettle (^_^)

CopperKettle

We take a train to get out of the city, then ride in the woods (0:

Damkerng T.

Oh, I see!

CopperKettle

A typical diezel locomotive (0:

Damkerng T.

@CopperKettle The train looks rather intimidating! (Just saw Transformers 4 the other day.)

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. I'm afraid if I type to you in Japanese, you'll put it into Google Translate, and I tried the things I was thinking of saying and they all turned out incomprehensible... :-)

CopperKettle

19:17

We had a guy who is a train industry worker on the team. So some girls were let into the cabin. (0:

Damkerng T.

@CopperKettle This one doesn't look as intimidating. :-)

Anonymous

Like, 例の本 to refer to the book you were reading? Google translate turns that into "examples of this"

Anonymous

It's actually pretty amusing how bad Google Translate is.

Damkerng T.

@snailboat You can try anyway. If I can't make sense of what you said, I will ask you anyway. :-)

@snailboat Hehe!

CopperKettle

Good evening, Snails! Japanese must be a hard language for machine translation!

Anonymous

19:19

例の本、また読み始めたの？

Damkerng T.

@snailboat It's been on hold for a week or two already.

Still looking forward to reading it again soon. :D

Anonymous

おお

Anonymous

お楽しみに！

Anonymous

日本語のルームにいるのを見たら、そうかもなって思っただけで

Damkerng T.

@snailboat はい！

@snailboat I think I can't guess this one!

Anonymous

19:23

When I saw you in the Japanese room, I wondered if that might be the case so... :-)

Damkerng T.

Thanks for the subtitle(:P)!

Anonymous

I'm not really that good at Japanese, but it's fun!

Damkerng T.

@snailboat The book is still within my reach, so hopefully I will pick it up again soon. :-)

Anonymous

Yay!!

Anonymous

I bought four games for my 3DS. They're all text games, none of them have any action-y bits where you jump around or anything. So technically, they all count as Japanesing. :-)

Damkerng T.

19:25

I guess so!

Anonymous

Even portable games have voice acting now!

Damkerng T.

Hah!

CopperKettle

@snailboat Quest games? Nice!

Anonymous

I guess... puzzle games?

Anonymous

I dunno.

CopperKettle

19:26

Oh, they are called "Adventure Games" in English.

Anonymous

Haha!

Anonymous

The genres written on the boxes are all amusing.

CopperKettle

"Quest" is the Russian name for them (borrowed from English)

Anonymous

I guess they can just put whatever they want on the box :-)

CopperKettle

(0:

Anonymous

19:27

極限脱出ADV (extreme escape adventure)

Anonymous

法廷バトル (courtroom battle)

Damkerng T.

Oh, courtroom battle sounds interesting!

CopperKettle

@snailboat Like, with words?

Anonymous

ナゾトキ・法廷アドベンチャー (puzzle solving courtroom adventure)

Damkerng T.

I love the language and arguments in courtroom!

Anonymous

19:28

@CopperKettle Yeah, the 逆転裁判 games are mainly 'visual novels' (they're mostly reading)

Anonymous

They're kind of amusing, and most of the games take place in a courtroom

CopperKettle

@DamkerngT. Me too, like in "Witness for the Prosecution" (0:

Damkerng T.

What's the word for "Your Honor" in Japanese?

Anonymous

The 極限脱出 games are half puzzle, half 'visual novel'

Damkerng T.

@CopperKettle A-ha!

I guess it was Twelve Angry Men that made me love such arguments.

Anonymous

19:29

@DamkerngT. Um, 閣下, I think

CopperKettle

@snailboat So, you have to play for the barrister or the prosecutor, to discuss clues, do courtroom interrogation. Must be quite hard.

@DamkerngT. A great movie!

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Thanks!

@CopperKettle Indeed!

CopperKettle

I wonder if Japanese has antique terminology (Legal Latin) for legal contexts, like English does.

Anonymous

I'm still trying to cram the courtroom vocabulary into my brain, and it's been years since I played the last game :-)

CopperKettle

(0:

Anonymous

19:32

Oh, they made a movie out of it, too!

Damkerng T.

Oh!

Anonymous

It's funny seeing real human beings with hair that pointy.

Anonymous

映画「逆転裁判」予告編

►

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Some K-Pop and J-Pop stars and singers have that kind of hair style!

CopperKettle

One guy at lang-8 wrote that a Facebook user in Japan is considered somewho of a freak

Damkerng T.

19:37

"somewho of a freak"!

An interesting expression!

CopperKettle

Allegedly because the Japanese are very reticent and closed people

Anonymous

Interesting but unfortunately not grammatical

CopperKettle

I've just coined it!

Anonymous

Hehe!

CopperKettle

(0:

He wrote that only some celebrities and scientists in Japan maintain Facebook accounts

Anonymous

19:39

Well, Facebook isn't the #1 social network, but it's not that weird.

CopperKettle

They must then have their own version of Facebook, thought I.. like Russia's VK

Anonymous

I mean, I'm not really an expert on social network stuff.

Anonymous

They have Line

CopperKettle

nods

Damkerng T.

Line is Korean's, I think.

Anonymous

19:40

But there are something like 20 million people on Facebook and 20 million people on Twitter

Anonymous

Line Corporation

Line Corporation is a Japanese company. The company's business is mainly associated with the development of mobile applications and Internet services. == History == Line Corporation was founded on September 4, 2000, as Hangame Japan Corporation. On August 24, 2003, the company was renamed as NHN Japan Corporation. From April 1, 2013, the company is traded as Line Corporation. == Products == === MixRadio === MixRadio (formerly Nokia Music) is music streaming service. Line bought MixRadio from Microsoft Mobile in 2014. === Line === Line is a smartphone app which allows users to make c...

Damkerng T.

Hah! What I knew was wrong!

Anonymous

Well

Anonymous

> Line began in 2011 as the brainchild of engineers at NHN Japan, the Japanese arm of Naver Corporation (formerly NHN) based in South Korea. Today the popular messaging service is operated by Line Corporation, a spinoff company headquartered in Japan, which still remains a subsidiary of Naver.[10]

Damkerng T.

I thought Naver was Japanese, and Line was Korean.

Anonymous

19:42

> Naver Corporation (KRX: 035420) is an Internet content service operator headquartered in Seongnam, South Korea. Established in 1999 as NHN Corporation (Next Human Network), it operates the Naver search portal and Hangame gaming services.[2] Its subsidiaries in Japan operate the Line messaging application as well as the Japanese versions of Naver and Hangame.

Damkerng T.

Okay, that's a bit complicated! :D

Anonymous

Anyway, Line is popular in Japan :-)

Damkerng T.

Over here too.

Anonymous

A-ha!

Damkerng T.

8 out of 10 of what would be phone calls in my life is now on Line.

Hmm... maybe only 6 or 7.

Anonymous

19:47

The books I ordered shipping from Japan are coming really slowly. Which is pretty normal. But I wish it was faster sometimes :-)

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. Wow!

Anonymous

A lot of people here use Skype.

CopperKettle

And here

Damkerng T.

Ahh...

CopperKettle

Oh, and Viber - in the last several years, many people have switched to using Viber.

Damkerng T.

19:51

Oh, is Kik popular over there too?

CopperKettle

I haven't heard of it. (0:

Damkerng T.

Ahh... A UK only app. :P

Anonymous

My impression is that Kik is actually quite popular, but not in my age group.

Anonymous

More like, kids use it.

Anonymous

Not UK-only.

Damkerng T.

19:58

A-ha!

Anonymous

I don't actually know anyone who uses Kik.

Anonymous

But if you ever go on forums online on subjects where you're more likely to run into kids, you'll see them talk about it all the time.

Anonymous

That's my experience.

Anonymous

It seems like a lot of chat services and social media are sort of mini-generational.

Anonymous

Like, I remember when my impression was that kids used AIM. That was when I was a kid! :-)

Anonymous

20:06

Some years later, I remember thinking kids used MSN Messenger.

Anonymous

(MSN Messenger barely even exists anymore!)

Anonymous

I tend to lose track of what's popular with the kids these days, though.

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Instagram? :P

Anonymous

Oh, yeah. My impression is that Instagram is kind of popular across age groups, though.

Anonymous

I have a lot of friends who use Instagram, some of whom are older than me.

Anonymous

20:08

I never really understood the fascination. It seems like Instagram was all about applying cheap filters to photos and posting them online at first.

Anonymous

But I kind of felt like Instagram just made photos kind of ugly...

Anonymous

So I never felt like trying it out myself.

Anonymous

I still haven't.

Anonymous

I signed up for Tumblr once, but then I never used it.

Anonymous

I'm really pretty terrible at this social media stuff.

Damkerng T.

20:09

I tried Tumblr too, but only for a short while.

Anonymous

An online friend got me to sign up, but I've already forgotten who they were.

Anonymous

I'm not sure if that says something about me. :-)

Damkerng T.

All in all, these social networks are about followers.

Anonymous

I found that I can add friends on my 3DS!

Anonymous

But I can't talk to them once I add them.

Damkerng T.

20:11

Hah!

Anonymous

I guess I'd have to buy two-player games to get something out of that feature.

Anonymous

But I mostly like the story ones with more text, less gameplay :-)

Anonymous

I've taken some good notes already!

Damkerng T.

From the games? Cool!

Anonymous

> 母親：息子は小さい頃から【青】い色が好きなの。

Anonymous

20:13

("Ever since my son was young, he's liked blue.")

Damkerng T.

(GT: "Mother: Son [blue] gastric color is like from a young age.") :-)

Anonymous

I thought that was typographically interesting. See, 青い is a single word.

Anonymous

But, y'see.

Anonymous

They wrote 【青】い

Anonymous

Now, to a Japanese speaker, this is braindead obvious. It's still the word 青い 'blue'

Anonymous

20:15

But to Google Translate, it became '[blue] gastric'

Damkerng T.

Perhaps it's like English scare quotes.

Anonymous

Because it thought い was the separate word 'stomach' (written 胃 in kanji)

Anonymous

But it's actually the present tense inflectional ending for adjectives.

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. It's not exactly that.

Anonymous

Quotes in Japanese can be used more freely than in English, including for things like emphasis.

Damkerng T.

20:16

(GT after 【】 removed: "Mother: son likes the color blue since I was small.")

Anonymous

I mean, people use quotes for emphasis in English, but those people are "derided" as "illiterate"

Damkerng T.

Ahh

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. See? Much better. Google Translate doesn't know about this convention of 【】 emphasizing a single character in a word.

Anonymous

Now, if I gave you more of the context...

Anonymous

父親：妻の好きな色は【赤】、私が好きな色は【白】だ。
　　　息子はいつも【海】の酒が好んで飲んでいる。
母親：息子は小さい頃から【青】い色が好きなの。
　　　夫は【島】のお酒が、私は【惑星】のお酒がタイプ。
息子：ぼくとお母さんは【月】のお酒が好みだよ。
　　　で、お父さんは【緑】っぽい色が大好きなんだ。

Damkerng T.

20:17

Oh, lots of 【...】!

Anonymous

Each of those brackets surrounds the name of one of the puzzle items in that part of the game.

Damkerng T.

@snailboat A-ha!

> GT:
Father: [red] favorite color of the wife, I like color's [white].
Son are drinking prefer sake of always [sea].
Mother: Son [blue] gastric color is like from a young age.
Husband liquor of [island], I type the sake of the [planet].
Son: I and mom's favorite drink of [month].
In, Dad I love the [green] ish color.

Anonymous

The bartender left a note describing which sorts of drinks each person wanted and where each person sat (father in the center, mother to the left, son to the right).

Anonymous

He noted that one of the three was lying, and that he made each one the drinks they liked.

Anonymous

So you grab the ten bottles (five labeled with colors, five labeled with 'planet', 'ocean', 'moon', 'sun', ...)

Anonymous

20:19

And you mix the drinks each one likes. And then place them in reverse order (because the bartender's perspective is opposite yours)

Anonymous

And that solves the puzzle.

Damkerng T.

Oh!

Will it become a name of something or someone?

Anonymous

Oh, if you place them correctly, it unlocks the next part of the puzzle.

Damkerng T.

A-ha! Sounds a lot like Conan. :D

Anonymous

In the end, you have to make six drinks total, and they end up making a total eclipse.

Anonymous

20:21

They end up with a sun on the left, planet in the middle, and moon on the right.

Anonymous

But they're not yellow sun, blue planet, red moon―the sun is green!

Anonymous

You have to put together a bunch of hints to figure that out :-) It's fun.

Damkerng T.

A green sun?! :-)

Anonymous

It alternates between puzzle segments like that, and then story segments (it calls them "novel part").

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. I think they put that in so you couldn't just guess that you were supposed to make a total lunar eclipse.

Anonymous

20:23

Which, by the way, has an interesting word for 'total' in Japanese, 皆既.

Damkerng T.

Oh, that's a very short word for total eclipse!

Anonymous

Well.

Anonymous

皆既食 is the full word for 'total eclipse' (with 食 = 'eclipse', simplified from 蝕)

Damkerng T.

In Thai, it's a very long word: สุริยุปราคาเต็มดวง

Anonymous

If you look up 食 you might notice it's used mainly for stuff like eating. The character 蝕 was rewritten 食 to simplify, and now 食 means both eclipse and food/eat

Anonymous

20:26

皆既月食 = total lunar eclipse
皆既日食 = total solar eclipse

Anonymous

皆既 = total? Not exactly...

Damkerng T.

Interesting!

Anonymous

皆 by itself is a morpheme meaning 'total', though it's not used as an independent word in Japanese, generally.

Anonymous

既 here means 尽きる 'be used up/consumed'

Anonymous

I wonder how to best express this...

Damkerng T.

20:30

"totally consumed" works quite well, imho.

Anonymous

Yeah.

Anonymous

But there's one more connection to make.

Anonymous

It's not a coincidence that the original kanji for 'eclipse', 蝕, contains the kanji for 'eat' 食

Anonymous

There's a verb 蝕む 'be eaten away at', which literally refers to being 食 eaten away at by worms (or other 虫)

Damkerng T.

Does it mean something "swallow" like?

Anonymous

20:32

Which can refer to being consumed bit-by-bit, if that makes sense

Anonymous

Which is, in a way, what's happening in an eclipse!

Anonymous

And when it's entirely consumed (皆既), you have a total eclipse!

Damkerng T.

nods -- Sort of like nibbling. :D

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. Kanji are pretty compact! 皆既月食 is かいきげっしょく in kana or kaiki gesshoku if you write it out in rōmaji.

Anonymous

It looks longer in both rōmaji and kana!

Anonymous

20:34

That's total lunar eclipse. What was the Thai word?

Damkerng T.

สุริยุปราคา-เต็ม-ดวง = [solarElipse-full-*]

จันทรุปราคา-เต็ม-ดวง = [lunarElipse-full-*]

Anonymous

Ooh, what's the asterisk?

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Something I don't know how to translate!

Anonymous

Lately, I often find that I can come up with a general translation for Japanese pretty quickly, but if I want to be precise, it can be pretty hard to come up with the right words...

Damkerng T.

It's like if we had 3 suns, we'd say พระอาทิตย์ 3 ดวง

It's the unit of celestial body, but it's not only that. It's used for anything that looks piecewise, usually rounded.

Anonymous

20:38

So it's a classifier?

Damkerng T.

Ah, yes!

It's the classifier for stamp too!

Anonymous

Were stamps historically rounded?

Damkerng T.

สแตมป์ 1 ดวง, สแตมป์ 2 ดวง, สแตมป์ 3 ดวง.

Anonymous

A-ha!

Damkerng T.

I don't think so. That's why I don't know how to translate this word!

Anonymous

20:39

[stamp-1-CLS, stamp-2-CLS, stamp-3-CLS]

Damkerng T.

Yes!

So, in จันทรุปราคาเต็มดวง, it's จันทรุปราคา-เต็ม-ดวง = [lunarElipse-full-CLS].

Anonymous

When glossing Japanese in English, a lot of particles can't really be given English equivalents.

Damkerng T.

I used lunarElipse because it (จันทรุปราคา) is a word made from Sanskrit morphemes.

จันทร์ = the Moon

Anonymous

Sometimes people leave them in Japanese in the glosses, like 走っている 'run.TE-IRU'

Damkerng T.

I guess you must've heard this word. In English, จันทร์ or จันทรา = Chandra.

Anonymous

20:41

or だからってば "DA-KARA.TTE-BA'

Anonymous

(which is truly giving up on glossing in English, I guess :-)

Damkerng T.

@snailboat I guess that glossing wouldn't help an absolute beginner much!

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. It's okay. Linguists are usually writing for other linguists when they write glosses :-)

Damkerng T.

BTW, I guessed that you might've heard Chandra because something like this exists: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory.

Anonymous

It does, but

Anonymous

20:44

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS (/ˌtʃʌndrəˈʃeɪkər/; October 19, 1910 – August 21, 1995), was an Indian American astrophysicist born in Lahore, Punjab. Chandrasekhar was awarded, along with William A. Fowler, the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics, with Chandrasekhar cited for his mathematical theory of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars. This work led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars, including black holes. The Chandrasekhar limit is named after him. Chandrasekhar - in distinct periods - worked in various...

Anonymous

S'named after him.

Damkerng T.

สุพรหมัณยัน จันทรเศขร (in Thai)

Anonymous

I think English speakers in general are familiar with the Chandrasekhar limit, even if they can't remember how to define it.

Anonymous

Or how to spell it.

Damkerng T.

Ahh

Anonymous

20:45

Maybe I should stick a qualifier in there like "educated" or "who read science fiction" or something. :-)

Damkerng T.

I'm not sure what "sekhar" mean. Maybe "beautiful".

Anonymous

Crown

Damkerng T.

Oh!

According to Thai folklore, จันทรเศขร (Chandrasekhar) is Shiva's hairpin.

Perhaps beliefs is a better word than folklore.

Anonymous

rudraksha-ratna.com/why-shiva-wears-a-crescent-moon_462.html5

Damkerng T.

'Cause obviously, we borrowed this set of beliefs from India.

Anonymous

20:48

> Crescent Moon: Shiva bears on his head the crescent of the moon. The epithet Chandra sekhara ('Having the moon as his crest' - chandra = Moon, sekhara = crest, crown) refers to this feature.

Damkerng T.

A-ha!

And that word was translated over here as "hairpin". :-)

Anonymous

Damkerng T.

Looking at the illus., it's clear why Chandra is part of the word.

Anonymous

I don't know if 'crown' is the first word that would come to mind for that moon!

Anonymous

I love moon-related stuff, by the way. :-)

Anonymous

20:50

I'm going to go check on Luna!

Damkerng T.

:D

I just realized that สุพรหมัณยัน is a good example of Thai words that a speaker may or may not be able to deduce the pronunciation of the word.

Anonymous

The 3DS has a built-in pedometer! They designed to unlock little bonuses the more you walk around. They're hoping it helps motivate kids to go move around outside, not just sit inside and play games :-)

Anonymous

It just gave me a little coin thingy!

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