Language Overflow

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:02

Unlike me. :}

Anonymous

I've been tracking my macro and micronutrients along with my vitamins and overall calories

Anonymous

I lost all the weight I'd gained

Anonymous

Easy peasy.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Sheesh.

Nice!

Anonymous

The only challenge is getting enough nutrition in a caloric deficit.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:04

Eating buckets of salad?

Anonymous

Well, I do eat some salad.

Anonymous

Not salad exactly. I don't usually mix vegetables. I just grab a bunch of spinach and eat that. That sorta dealie.

Anonymous

And I've never liked the idea of salad dressing.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

@snailboat I. . . can never ever do that!

Anonymous

My diet's consisted mainly of grass fed ground beef, lots and lots of hot peppers, eggs, onions, potato, spinach, peas, bananas, occasional popcorn, and protein shakes

Anonymous

21:07

Supplementing a small amount of fish oil, magnesium and calcium together

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

So healthy!

I like that.

But I'm never that meticulous about what I eat, specially if there's the word ice cream hanging to it.

Anonymous

I can't really have dairy. It destroys my innards.

Damkerng T.

@snailboat Potatoes... hmm... Mark Watney. :-)

Anonymous

I have multivitamins, but I don't take them every day. They have more micronutrients than I actually need.

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. Yes! Mark Watney made me want potatoes!

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:10

Who's that guy?

Anonymous

The hero of The Martian.

Anonymous

It's the book I recommended a couple weeks back.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Oh!

Anonymous

They're making a movie out of it.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

I remember now

Anonymous

21:13

It's really hard to overeat potatoes. They're one of the highest satiety foods.

Anonymous

And meat and protein shakes are both very high satiety.

Anonymous

'Cause of protein, the most filling macronutrient.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

@snailboat You should see me eat french fries.

Anonymous

French fries aren't potatoes.

Damkerng T.

Oh!

Anonymous

21:14

They're potatoes plus other stuff.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

They're kinda potatoes here.

@snailboat The plus part is non(-)existent here.

Anonymous

Salt and deep frying with oil both increase palatability which, at high levels, counteracts satiety

Anonymous

@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M What are french fries without salt and oil?

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

That's also a point.

@snailboat French fries without salt and oil.

Anonymous

It's usually spelled without a hyphen, but the hyphen is acceptable too.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:15

They do have some salt though.

@snailboat Yeah, I had an ngram thingy about it today.

Anonymous

It's really easy to manipulate your mind into demanding more food or asking for less food.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

I can agree. . . OMG.

Anonymous

Silly, easily manipulated hypothalamus.

Anonymous

I just ate two potatoes with nothing on them.

Anonymous

Since I've been eating food without lots of added flavoring and am in a persistent calorie deficit, my sense of taste has been upregulated, and they were really delicious.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:16

I don't have a hypothalamus, but my third silicon has some nice HOMO-schemic orbitals bonding with oxygen.

@snailboat Raw potatoes? chuckles

Anonymous

No, I steamed them.

Anonymous

In my steam oven!

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Eeeeekh.

Damkerng T.

I remember that mash potatoes in Frankfurt were delicious.

Anonymous

It takes a while to steam potatoes. :-)

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:18

Poor potatoes. :'( o> salute

@snailboat How long?

Anonymous

How do you normally cook potatoes?

Anonymous

If you just put them in the oven at 350°F, I think they take about an hour.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Do they become sweet?

Anonymous

My oven has the option of adding steam while it's cooking. Or you can cook entirely with steam, in which case the temperature doesn't go as high.

Anonymous

No, they taste like potatoes.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

21:19

I hate potatoes momentarily, but I know I'll hate sweet potatoes for ever.

Anonymous

Ah! A completely different vegetable.

Anonymous

If you made a potato sweet, it wouldn't be a sweet potato.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Oh?

Anonymous

Sweet potatoes are Ipomoea batatas. Potatoes are Solanum tuberosum.

Anonymous

Superficially similar, but totally different.

Damkerng T.

21:51

B-theory of time

The B-theory of time is the name given to one of two positions regarding philosophy of time. B-theorists argue that the flow of time is an illusion, that the past, present and future are equally real, and that time is tenseless. This would mean that temporal becoming is not an objective feature of reality. B-theory is often drawn upon in theoretical physics, and in theories such as eternalism. == Origin == The labels, A-theory and B-theory, are derived from the analysis of time and change developed by Cambridge philosopher J. M. E. McTaggart in "The Unreality of Time" (1908), in which events are...

Wikipedia:C2: Nominal Sentences

A nominal or tenseless sentence consists of two different types: (1) a sentence with a copular auxiliary and a predicative expression For example: “Mary is a student” which includes the copula "to be" and the predicate "a student"Or (2) a sentence without a finite verb. For example: “Ladies and gentlemen, my dear brother, Tom” where the verb "to be" is missing, as opposed to “Ladies and gentlemen, this is my dear brother, Tom”. The following entry will expand on definition (2), specifically what allows them to omit finite verbs yet still be grammatical, to the point where a whole discourse can...

Tense, Aspect, and the Interpretation of Tenseless Elements in English

> The number of tenses in English is an issue that has no easy answer, I'm afraid. There are many, including Dave Willis, the author of our grammar reference, who argue that there are only two tenses in English, though it's true that we often speak of 12. In neither case is 'used + infinitive' included as an independent tense. We concentrate on helping people learn English here so I can't go into great detail on this, but you might find the wikipedia entry on modal auxiliary verbs useful. I'd also recommend you take a look at TeachingEnglish, where there is also a forum in which you can ask…

English modal verbs

The modal verbs of English are a small class of auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality (properties such as possibility, obligation, etc.). They can be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participle or infinitive forms) and by the fact that they do not take the ending -(e)s in the third-person singular. The principal English modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would. Certain other verbs are sometimes, but not always, classed as modals; these include ought, had better, and (in certain uses) dare and need. Verbs which share...

> Modal verbs do not change in form to make different tenses.
All of the modal verbs can refer to present and future time. Only some of them can refer to past time.

> dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/modality-tense

> It is of utmost importance that you understand that the 'tenses' shown in the table are not correlated to the time of the action in statements.

> voanews.com/MediaAssets2/classroom/article_media/…

> englishforums.com/English/ModalTenses/mmlwn/post.htm

> academia.edu/6265936/…

> While English modal verbs have only two tenses -- past and present (can, could - like, liked - have to, had to, etc.) -- German modal verbs have a full range of tenses and moods. This can sometime create confusion for English-speakers, because in English the past tense is sometimes used to relate a conditional meaning.

> vistawide.com/german/grammar/german_modal_verbs.htm

> ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4434591

> Modal verbs are also called modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries, or simply modals. These verbs are a subcategory of auxiliary verbs , which means they cannot be used without a main verb. English has ten modal verbs.

> elearnenglishlanguage.com/blog/learn-english/grammar/…

> Recent work on tense and modals, in particular on modals in the past, has highlighted other forms of systematic ambiguity between the epistemic, abilitative and metaphysic interpretations. Grossly, the proposed accounts divide into three categories:

1. Syntactic views. Different interpretations are claimed to derive from different scope relations between functional heads (Demirdarche, 2005; Hacquard, 2006, Laca, 2008; Soare, 2009).

2. Lexical views. The interpretations that modals can have depend on the meaning of the tenses under which they are embedded and which vary across …

> aston.ac.uk/lss/news/events/2010-11-archive/chronos-10/english/…

> On modal tenses and tensed modals

Anonymous

22:23

@DamkerngT. This is controversial. One analysis (that presented in CGEL, for example) relates will/would, can/could, shall/should, and for some speakers may/might as plain present and past tense forms. It's clear that these forms are in alternation with one another, but it's also clear that the relationship isn't the same as between other present/past forms.

Anonymous

So some choose to analyze them all as invariant forms. Will and would separate.

Damkerng T.

In CGEL, they still treat model verbs as two forms, I guess?

Anonymous

Yeah, each of those modal verbs has two forms.

Anonymous

Could and can forms of the same verb.

Damkerng T.

Not sure if they call it tense or relate them to tenses somehow.

Anonymous

22:27

Yep. That contrast is tense.

Damkerng T.

nods

Anonymous

It is true that they have no secondary (non-finite) forms, though, so they can't enter into construction with other auxiliaries like I've been *woulding like to have some pudding.

Anonymous

They can't be used as infinitive or gerund-participial complements.

Damkerng T.

nods -- Though I would have been something-ing is perfectly normal in English.

And English has I will have been something-ing too.

Though I'm not sure what would be the answer of What tense is this sentence in? for the two sentences above.

Anonymous

22:46

Yeah, because have and been have secondary (non-finite) forms.

Anonymous

Lacking secondary forms means that modal auxiliaries have to appear first in a verb group.

Anonymous

The four auxiliary slots are modal, perfect, progressive, passive in that order.

2

Anonymous

With all four filled, you get something like will have been being taken

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Making sense outta will have been being taken

Anonymous

languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=897

Anonymous

23:18

@DamkerngT. Use isn't an auxiliary in the English I speak.

Anonymous

It is for some people: "He usedn't to like it." (CGEL p.115)

Anonymous

But it doesn't really have all of the traits we associate with modal auxiliaries.

Anonymous

CGEL calls it the "aspectual auxiliary" use.

Damkerng T.

Oh! Hmm... what is it, then? A normal verb? -- Oh!

Anonymous

Yes. A lexical verb (for speakers like me).

Anonymous

23:21

As an auxiliary, it's a non-modal.

Anonymous

As for dare, that is basically not an auxiliary in American English

Damkerng T.

I wonder how CGEL would classify the tense of They used to be here.

Anonymous

You need to apply a syntactic operation that exposes one of the auxiliary traits.

Anonymous

Inversion, for example: %Used they to be here?

Anonymous

I'm honestly not familiar with the dialects where people say things like that―I've only read about them in books.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

23:22

Hmm. . . books.google.com/ngrams/…

Anonymous

I believe even in British English it's becoming archaic.

Damkerng T.

@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Interesting. Not sure if it's because of the apostrophe.

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. The link worked for MAR

Anonymous

But not for us, when we clicked on it, due to Google's long-standing apostrophe bug

Anonymous

But that's okay. Simple click the "search lots of books" link again after you click MAR's link, and all is solved.

Damkerng T.

23:24

Oh, I see!

Thanks!

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

@snailboat It's ЯAM now.

Damkerng T.

LOL

Anonymous

@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M No dice. Too lazy.

Anonymous

MAR it is.

Anonymous

@DamkerngT. A-ha, I see you already covered this in my absence!

Anonymous

23:26

Thankfully, I used bold, so I automatically got a couple stars.

Damkerng T.

Hehe! Mine was from John Lawler's e-mail.

Anonymous

I noticed that when I saw the other quote on the star wall :-)

Damkerng T.

Oh, right! :D

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

This is what you get when ЯAM feels starry.

Damkerng T.

♫ Starry, starry night... ♫

Anonymous

23:29

COCA has 20 results for dare n't, generally in fiction. do n't dare has 247 results. It's significantly more common.

Anonymous

The don't dare results include some fiction as well, but also some spontaneous speech.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Hmm.

Anonymous

(Even though daren't and don't are written as single orthographic words, in COCA they're broken apart, and that's why you search with spaces.)

Damkerng T.

Oh, do we have to break n't down like that?

Anonymous

Why, yes!

Damkerng T.

23:30

Ahh

Anonymous

Hold on while I go back in time and type up an explanation...

Anonymous

Done!

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Also, dare not seems to be decreasing.

Anonymous

@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Dare in general isn't so common in AmE.

Anonymous

And it's usually lexical when it appears at all.

Damkerng T.

23:31

@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Perhaps people get more and more daring. :P

Anonymous

Things look different on the other side of the pond.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

@DamkerngT. I read that as darling.

Anonymous

The way Google parsed its corpora for its n-grams is defective when it comes to negation, by the way.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

How?

Anonymous

Search for "cannot,can not,can't"

Anonymous

23:32

All three are different strings in English.

Anonymous

But they all get lumped into one pile in Google Books Ngram Viewer.

inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M

Oh.

Anonymous

Now try dare not and daren't; you'll see they're handled separately because the folks at Google didn't think of the auxiliary use of dare

Anonymous

Plus, the URL encoding (apostrophe) bug makes difficult to link to graphs containing apostrophes in the first place.

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