Consider reopening this, as the full context and motivation has been subsequently appended in; the question raised is pertinent to the problem analysis stage of tackling proofs in analysis/algebra texts.
this question was closed, then OP added his effort and the question was reopened. Shorlty after (no edit occured), three of the users who voted to reopen voted to close. Should it be reopened?
My question is: how did Hadamard arrive at the last statement (α = 2 − ε).
