Those track racers have very large chain rings. With a small ring you will have so much more mechanical advantage that a week cyclist can exert more force pulling the wheel forward. Especially a heavy cyclist just standing on the pedal. (But that is usually still enough for track ends that are in good shape.)
@Sam7919 aligning rear wheel with track ends is pretty easy. You get your rought chain tension, tighten the left nut a bit. Then set exactly the right chain tension on the right side and tighten the nut full down. Finally release the right nut a bit, adjust wheel for good tracking and alignment and tighten it again. Takes about 20s after the third time doing it.
Those chain tensioners on some bikes are more finicky though. I through them out on my bike because of that. Aligning with a QR takes a little more dexterity cause you close both sides at the same time.
I have a QR axle where I filed one side flat. By positioning the flat face forward or aft, I can change chain tension a bit. But that takes a little practice aligning right.
A heavy cyclist standing on a pedal in a low gear ration produces a lot of torque to spin the wheel around its axle. Does that also necessarily create to a translational force that would pull the axle forward?
(it's been so long since I've really thought about this kind of mechanics -- i do sediment and water)
Yes. If the dropout has any space for movement fore/aft then the chain is continually tying to pull the axle forward. Thats why nuts/QRs etc have serrations