they are both sold as 25mm wide, the GP5000 is new, the GP4000 is used

I dimly recall that Continental changed their sizes (i.e. what’s written on the packaging) to account for modern, wider rims

Yeah - tyres get wider as they age.

but also yes the final width depends on the rim internal width as well as pressure.

@Criggie: Regarding the stem cap question: Did you notice it seems to be some steerer tube extension thing?

so maybe the upper portion just slides on and the bearing preload is somehow set in the lower portion?

Candidate question: Why is the "BSO" label used and applied as a Boolean flag? Shouldn't there be a lot more subtlety in describing a bike? For example, as this (youtu.be/bvj1BHq0IzM) video shows, a bike from Walmart can nowadays be a respectable bike (but he admits he's being disingenuous; one can get everything in his 13K bike at a far lower price point).

Hence the Boolean BSO label should really be replaced with a continuum. Better yet, it should be replaced with several. One scale would describe a parameter equivalent to (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures), perhaps "Mean Time Between Tune-ups", and so on. Thoughts? What other parameters would you use in addition to MTBTu?

Usually BSOs are built as cheaply as possible with almost complete disregard for quality and actual utility

with the components not even showing up in any official catalog of Shimano, SRAM, Microshift etc.

There are BSOs with rigid fork?

I also thought only BSOs have a "Shimano" decal on the chainstays. But apparently there are nice bikes that do too

@Michael Yep - the one I remember installing came with a super-long bolt, though your idea is also plausible and maybe it is just held on with the two sideways bolts. That's worth an answer I reckon.

@Michael What do you mean? A Tourney is a Tourney. It would show up in Shimano's lists. No?

@Michael That's exactly my point. They make a pretty lousy bike, but then throw in some entry-level components. Is it still a BSO? Does it qualify as an "almost-BSO"? What, objectively, distinguishes it?

@Sam There are "Shimano" components that aren't part of any "official" Shimano product lines, and you can't buy them separately, but they are found on BSOs. Those are supposedly not even made by Shimano themselves

So they aren't Tourney, Acera, ... just "cheap generic Shimano"

can you even get Tourney as single components?

I’ve only ever seen Acera and Altus

@Michael You can: thebikeshop.com/product/…

@Erlkoenig That would be very odd, but it seems you're right. I see a Shimano derailleur with a nicely framed name (Shimano? Tourney?) on the derailleur. It looks straight out of an 80s (?) bike, but it's sold on new bikes.

@Sam For some reason new BSOs often look very 90ies or 80ies

apparently it’s only slippery for cyclists? :D

interesting paper about energy intake and expenditure during RAAM: sci-hub.ru/10.1055/s-2004-821136

that guy ate almost 10Mcal per day and drank 10–19ℓ of water

Must be a machine - fuel in == work out.

it’s crazy

4701-km wow that's the equivalent of 6 months riding, in ~8 days. Need to ride 587 km a day to do it in 8 days. That's insane

even the last person did it in 12 days.

yay for two team support cars though.