USB 3 is 5Gb/s, 3.1 gen2 is 10Gb/s
Thunderbolt 1 is 20Gb/s, 2 is also 20Gb/s, 3 is 40Gb/s
And if that wasn't confusing enough, USB-C ports can carry Thunderbolt signals so it's possible (I don't know if they actually exist) to have a USB-C external drive that supports all of these.