I thought that you are hesitant to do so, so I offered that I can start a bounty - assuming the question is not already solved and that it is improved a bit.
@Student And why is the solution using spectrum together with the proof that $r(T)=\sup\{|\lambda|; \lambda \in \sigma(T)\} = \lim\limits_{n\to\infty} \|T^n\|^{1/n}$ not satisfactory?
It seems that it is possible to find this proof in various books. For example, Theorem 2.10 in Kubrusly C.S. Spectral theory of operators on Hilbert spaces.
@Student So you should probably include in your post that this is the motivation why you're trying to do this using this formula (and not eigenvalues).