What is the purpose of this document? I went through it superficially, and it seems to be analysis of Indian English by someone from Germany.

@Eric - It is an academic work by a linguist. What difference does the country of origin make?

Sorry for the misunderstanding; I did not mean anything by the "Germany" comment. I was just sharing my observation.

@Eric I think it is fair to say that the 'purpose' of the document is, trivially, to help earn the author the German equivalent of a first degree in English, but in a deeper sense to analyse and elucidate the topic contained in the title.

@Eric - I was not offended by your comment about Germany (I am English!) but it is interesting how sometimes the outsider sees more.

@FumbleFingers - I fixed that for you. You did get an 'accept', which increases your rep. I used to work with an Indian-heritage fellow who told me he and his family, especially his father, laughed like drains at 'It Ain't Half Hot, Mum', especially the Michael Bates character, and had a DVD box set of the show.

@MichaelHarvey Is there supposed to be rivalry between England and Germany?

@MichaelHarvey If I have to guess, I would say it is WW2. But that's too dark for me. That's why I asked.

@Eric - 1914 to 1918, also 1939 to 1945, and more recently 1966.

@Eric - what does 'too dark for me' mean?

@MichaelHarvey I knew about 1966, but for me that is nothing as compared to WW1 and WW2. I read recently that Great Britain won the world war but lost a lot of money, which led to the collapse of british empire. The book said --quoting-- "Empires collapse because they lost war; but in case of british empire they won their war and collapsed". Indians are not very informed about history (theirs and England's) and are living in a bubble/delusion/Ultra Nationalism (IMHO, if you look at it from my POV).

@Eric: Maybe Indians aren't very informed about political history (most people aren't, imho), but they're surprisingly knowledgeable about the linguistic "history of English" - which is particularly relevant to a site devoted to learning English. The overuse of continuous English verb forms is a bit of an aberration (under the influence of Hindi, I'm pretty sure). But in many cases where IE deviates from "mainstream" English, it's because IE has retained features from Victorian English that have been discarded from the mainstream.

One of my favorite phrases from Indian English is "do the needful". I am doing the needful to make it a more universal idiom.

@JimmyJames - it's fairly common in the UK Civil Service.

@MichaelHarvey Interesting. Good to know. I assumed it was a hold-over.

@JimmyJames - I assumed it was a kind of re-import from Indian English, and the Guardian in 2018 concurs: Do the needful The granddaddy of all Indianisms, a clunky phrase mostly used only by bureaucrats and people forced to plead with the bureaucracy. And yet so apt when you don’t want to type out, “Please send me the five forms I need to file my taxes” or “Please fix the road in front of my house that I have written three letters about already”. “Do the needful” covers a multitude of requirements, and avoids repetition. Should it be revived, old fashioned though it is?

Despite the source file quite bizarrely using an en quad to represent the character you’ve replaced with ⟨∂⟩ in your quote, I’m pretty sure it’s actually just meant to be a simple schwa ⟨ə⟩, with pəsənd and kərna representing पसंद |pasaṁda| and करना |karanā|, respectively.

@JanusBahsJacquet - I merely copied and pasted the relevant section of the online PDF (as viewed in a tab in my browser); it appears in my answer (here, in Google Chrome, UK locale) exactly as it did in the PDF. Are you able to suggest (or perform) an edit?

How odd – when I copy from the PDF, I get a big, blank square! I’ve suggested an edit now, changing them to ə.

@JanusBahsJacquet - I've accepted the edit. Thanks.

@MichaelHarvey I love it because I'm big on terseness (probably to a fault.) The closest 'standard' phrase, as I understand it, is "do whatever is necessary". "Do the needful" is a much tighter phrase, especially in spoken English.