What are the advantages of using a morphologically-based / lemma-based dictionary in a speech recognition system as opposed to a dictionary of 'Orthography' + 'transcription' or other types (which I am currently unaware of... enlighten me please!)?

Linguistics classes seem to be mostly concerned with analyzing language in its spoken form. Written language is seen as almost "parasitic" to spoken language. A language's orthography generally gives an unreliable reflection of its structure. As such, I've been told that you only need to examine ...

Verbs, auxiliaries and modals constitute the verb group (Vgp). Is there an official term used to describe a group of determiners (pre-, central-, post-) that pre-modify the noun in the NP? We can't call it a determiner phrase because according to the DP-hypothesis, the determiner phrase is an ...

What is the phonological process whereby a speaker would use [ʊ] as a replacement for [l]? Some examples off the top of my head; [lɪtl] -> [lɪtʊ], [gɪgl] -> [gɪgʊ], [twɪŋkl] -> [twɪŋkʊ]