Root Access

Sajad

20:00

@tereško are you alone in your home now ?

tereško

yeah, just watching tv series

Sajad

really how can you living like that ?!

tereško

@gsnedders do you have any signs that there is power coming from PSU?

gsnedders

@tereško I should probably just write up an actual question instead of rambling in here... :)

@tereško the PSU produces a stable output with 24V tied to ground, and taking a multimeter to the mobo shows there is power across places like the power switch and the CMOS clear jumper

tereško

well .. fuck

and I don't get the impression that you would be one of those people who forgets to plug in one of the power cables :(

gsnedders

20:09

hah, no, I've done that enough times before, but not this time.

tereško

@Sajad what a strange question to ask ..

Sajad

70 %

@tereško I'm sure I can not live alone !

do you cook for yourself all the time ?

tereško

it's more like "mostly alone" :P

DragonLord

Anyone with experience with these voltage regulator boards? pololu.com/product/2572

gsnedders

20:24

@tereško superuser.com/questions/962183/…

tereško

:(

I got nothing

.. assuming you turned ON your PSU

gsnedders

Yup. :(

tereško

saw almost identical issue two days ago on steam forum

Mokubai

@DragonLord Not that one specifically, but what's the problem?

DragonLord

Just need a mechanism by which I can drive a fan at a constant operating speed regardless of the input voltage.

Mokubai

20:28

Well that should do it...

Use the adjuster to set the output, then whatever goes in either gets boosted or dropped to that voltage.

Sajad

@tereško can you give me a link for linux (ubuntu) for my virtualbox ?

Mokubai

@DragonLord Looks like it's a TI 55340, a pretty standard buck/boost regulator

tereško

@Sajad it's in this list of ISO file: mirror.yazd.ac.ir/ubuntu/15.04

Sajad

it is 32 bit ? and good for win 8.1 ?

tereško

it has nothing to do with windows

Sajad

20:33

@tereško but your link is not a downlaod link (directly), I want to give that link to my firend, can you please give me a directly link ? (please full-packages, its size it not important)

tereško

ubuntu-15.04-server-i386.iso

but it probably will not come with all the packages, that you will need ... probably

it's only 600MB

in any case: download at university

@Sajad desktop or server version?

Sajad

@tereško ha ? :) I want to use it in my vbox

I think desktop

tereško

desktop is the GUI version .. you really shouldn't use that in your vbox :P

mirror.yazd.ac.ir/ubuntu/15.04/ubuntu-15.04-server-i386.iso

it's 610MB

Sajad

@tereško tnx, I can use it exaclty like freeBDS, right ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

20:37

good

82 %

@tereško what time you sleep ?

tereško

02:00 -ish

Sajad

what time is now ?

tereško

midnight

so you have two hours

DragonLord

@Mokubai Thanks, just ordered a couple of these boards.

Sajad

ok

-ish means am ?

tereško

20:40

though, as I said, I began watching Stargate series, so I must end up finishing first season

Sajad

tonight ?

tereško

tonight, next morning .. well .. it might depends on various factors

and "ish" is a suffix .. it's an english thing

Sajad

ok

Mokubai

@DragonLord presumably they're set up in SEPIC mode which means they'll put out whatever they're set to regardless of what whether the input is higher or lower than the output.

DragonLord

@Mokubai They are.

That's precisely the behavior I need.

Sajad

20:43

@tereško are you busy now ? (what are you doing now?)

tereško

@Sajad watching this: imdb.com/title/tt0118480

about "ish":

> word meaning kind of, sort of, or a little bit. can be tacked on to an existing word or used by itself.

Sajad

@tereško alright, I offer to you, see: big bang theory ! that is very good

tereško

for example: "that color is blue-ish"

Sajad

@tereško I see

@tereško go it

tereško

person1: How was the opera?
person2: It was good. Ish.

Sajad

20:45

@tereško got it compeletly :-)

tereško

.. you get in habit using different strange expression, when you listen to a lot of audiobooks

Sajad

@tereško my listening is very weak.

I can just write (and hardly)

tereško

I blame the lack of access to youtube

Sajad

:-)

ok well, can you tell me some of freeBSD codes ?

it has wget ? cd ? mv ?

apt-get ?

tereško

hmm ... I think I need to explain some user-management basics

do you know what "root" user is? (or why this chat room is called "root access")

Sajad

20:50

no

tereško

"root" is the name for administrator user

Sajad

ah !

but I thought "root" is a place

the first place

tereško

kinda

the "/" is called "root directory", because that where all of the irectory tree beings from

... and to add more confusion, there is also a "/root" directory, which is the **home folder" for the administrator user

so .. that said

there is a "root" user which is what you would use to administrate shit

and you can change to a different user account with command: "su <username>"

for example: su sajad

Sajad

ah !

your mean is I can change root to sajad ?

tereško

if you were logged in at that time as root, yes

Sajad

20:55

ok :)

tereško

that command would log you in a different user

Sajad

ah, It will add a new user ?

tereško

no

it will log in the existing account

Sajad

I see

tereško

you will get a better grasp on it when you use it

but here is the important part: you can also go the other way around

Sajad

20:57

by CD ?

That Brazilian Guy

@allquixotic Sounds REALLY interesting. Bookmarked, thanks!

tereško

if you have logged in with user "sajad" and what to get root access to the server, you type in : "su root" .. or simply "su"

(if you do not specify the username, it automatically assume that you meant "root")

Sajad

ah, so "root" is defult

what is "su" ?

tereško

"su" stand for "super user"

Sajad

?su" is the same with "cd" in linux ?

aha :-)

tereško

20:59

"cd" stands for "change directory"

that a different command

Sajad

ok !

tereško

ok .. back to users

Sajad

95 %

@tereško ok

tereško

users also have groups

there can be multiple users in a group and every user can belong to multiple groups

Sajad

ah ...

tereško

21:01

questions?

Sajad

yes :-)

look, your mean of user is who are able to access the server, right ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

ok, so

I don't need to several user, I just want one user, me !

tereško

you should learn to do it the right way

:P

Sajad

ah ok :-)

99 %

tereško

21:04

also, if you use "root" for everything, one mistake can destroy entire server

ok, and here comes the important part

Sajad

@tereško ?

tereško

"su" works almost exactly the same on linux and bsd, with one exception

only users, which belong to the "wheel" group can use "su" to become root

Sajad

ah

tereško

you basically have three tiers of users: simple mortals, privileged users and an administrator above them all

questions?

Sajad

no, I got it

but one thing

su is relater to sudo ?

I saw "sudo" several times

djsmiley2k

21:07

su is to become a different user (normally root)

sudo is to run a command as a different user (normally root)

tereško

^ what he said

Sajad

ow :-) ! good explanation @djsmiley2k tnx

djsmiley2k

you can do fun things like su -c blah - user too

but that's complicated.

Sajad

@tereško ok, done (downloading)

tereško

ok, next it will ask you to enter root password

Sajad

21:09

tereško

yes, that's the one

Sajad

I can set any password I want ?

tereško

and then it will ask if you want to add users to your system (you will want to add users)

djsmiley2k

use a GOOD password plz

tereško

@Sajad of course

Sajad

21:10

@djsmiley2k :-) like what ?

djsmiley2k

unique, long, good....

not password ;D

tereško

@Sajad xkcd.com/936

djsmiley2k

or god, sex, money, 12345, etc

^^

Sajad

ok, but I can not type ..., why ?

tereško

because if somebody stood over your shoulder, he/she could know the password length

make for easier cracking

it's a security measure

Sajad

21:12

what ? I can not write ...

I think my keyboard is diactivate

tereško

you can write

Sajad

@tereško I say I can not !!

tereško

you just wont see ******

Sajad

I wont see nothing !

tereško

it will ask you to type that same password again, to be shure that you did not make a mistake

Sajad

21:13

ow :-) !!! you are right

tereško

.. I have done this few time, ya know

Sajad

is this machin's CMOS clock set to UTC? if it is set to local time, or you don't know, please choose NO here !

yes or no ?

tereško

no, it's not (I get confused about that one always)

Sajad

ok

select a range

tereško

it should be asking you to pick timezone

Sajad

21:15

africa
america
asia
.
.
utc

I select Asia ?

tereško

I think

Sajad

what is UTC ?

tereško

universal coordinated time

Sajad

@tereško is it not good for this case ?

tereško

(the C and T is swapped because of French)

hmm .. ya know

actually pick UTC

that's same as GMT+0

Sajad

21:17

@tereško too late :(

what I do now ?

the is back button ?

tereško

just continue, it's not a big deal

Sajad

ok

so

select a country or region

I select Iran, Islamic Republic of

right ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

choose the services you would like to be started at boot :

"sshd" and "dumpdev" are selected

tereško

you will need sshd, ntpd and that kernel-dump thing

ntpd is clock synchronization service

Sajad

21:21

so I select these:

sshd, ntpd, dumpdve

right ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

add user accounts: would you like to add users to the installed system now ?

yes ?

tereško

yes , you want

Sajad

username

?

tereško

don't ask trivial things, serisouly

Sajad

21:22

ok

no, I don't want a lot of user, I just want to change that name

tereško

you can add a different user

I think you can change the name

Sajad

@tereško ok good

tereško

but you home folder is /usr/home/<username> .. it tends to get confusing if people change usernames

in [] you will see the default value

Sajad

aha, I can not pick a name, I am a bit obsessed :(

tell me a name

tereško

did you try "sajad" ?

facepalm

4

Sajad

21:25

sajad is my server name

I can use sajad again ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

ok good

Uid ?

or leave empty for default ?

tereško

leave the default

Sajad

ok

yes, I can see [sajad] :-)

login group [sajad]:

tereško

that's user group

Sajad

21:26

what I write here ^ ?

tereško

leave default

Sajad

ok

tereško

for additonal groups write: wheel

DragonLord

chat.stackexchange.com/…

Sajad

login group is sajad, invite sajad into other groups ? []:

tereško

21:27

@DragonLord :P

@Sajad wheel

Sajad

ok

tereško

.. you should understand, why

do you?

DragonLord

@Sajad The wheel group contains the authorized system administrators on the machine. Typically, users in this group are allowed to elevate to root.

Sajad

@tereško not fully, can you please tell me why (brifly) ?

DragonLord

Wheel (Unix term)

In computing, the term wheel refers to a user account with a wheel bit, a system setting that provides additional special system privileges that empower a user to execute restricted commands that ordinary user accounts cannot access. The term is derived from the slang phrase big wheel, referring to a person with great power or influence. It was first used in this context with regard to the TENEX operating system, later distributed under the name TOPS-20 in the 1960s and early 1970s. The term was adopted by Unix users in the 1980s, due to the movement of operating system developers and users from...

tereško

21:28

24 mins ago, by tereško

ok, and here comes the important part

read from there

Sajad

I see now !

login class [default]:

?

tereško

keep the dafult

Sajad

@tereško ow, a question:

"wheel" is a constant word ?

or it is common ?

tereško

what do you mean?

Sajad

for this question:

login group is sajad, invite sajad into other groups? []:

tereško

21:30

you could say it is a system keyword, kinda like "root" is for administrator

Sajad

can I just set "wheel" ?

tereško

simply write: wheel

(without quotes)

Sajad

@tereško I wrote, I just want to know, If I write "test" instead of "wheel", what happens ?

tereško

it show you an error

because the "test" groups shouldn't exist

Sajad

aha, then "wheel" is a constant !

@tereško who created wheel for me that I can use it now ?

tereško

21:33

it is part of the system, when you install FreeBSD, the "wheel" groups is already created

just like the "root" user

Sajad

ahaa !!

ok

shell (sh csh tcsh nologin) [sh]:

?

tereško

pick "csh" for now

Sajad

ok

homw directory [/home/sajad]:

tereško

you will be able to play with different ones later (linux usually has "bash" as shell)

leave default

Sajad

@tereško ok

home directory permissions (leave emtpy for default):

tereško

21:36

keep default

Sajad

ok

use password-based authentication? [yes]:

tereško

no

Sajad

ok

tereško

it's important

because a bit later I will explain to you how to use SSH keys

Sajad

aha ok

look out the account ater creation ? [no]:

tereško

21:37

no

Sajad

ok, it gives me a list of data, and ask me (yes/no) ?

tereško

it asks you if data is correct

Sajad

yes

tereško

answer honestly :)

Sajad

:D

tereško

21:39

and you won't need to create any additional users

Sajad

add an other user ?

ok

@tereško you have the questions in your mind before I tell you :-)

Final configuration

tereško

it should be all done, exit

Sajad

@tereško still you say "exit" ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

ok

tereško

21:42

when it restarts, close the VM window, because you will need to do to the configuration and eject the ISO

otherwise it will try to boot from the installation disk again (it won't do any harm, but you already installed the OS)

Sajad

tereško

no, you dont need that

Sajad

@tereško I see

@tereško ok

reboot ? live CD ?

rebook, right ?

tereško

reboot , I think

2 mins ago, by tereško

when it restarts, close the VM window, because you will need to do to the configuration and eject the ISO

Sajad

ok

for closing, I save ?

tereško

21:46

no

Sajad

Ok, I open it again ?

tereško

go to config

you need to remove the ISO from the virtual cd rom

Sajad

setting -> storage

so ?

tereško

yes

Sajad

I remove freeBSD that is atteched ?

tereško

21:49

when you click on the same button that you used for adding the issue, there will be an option to "remove disk from virtua drive"

Sajad

I did

so ?

tereško

now you can start the VM again .. it should be booting in the real OS and not in the installation disk

if all goes well, it will be asking you for login and password when system has completed booting

log in as "root"

Sajad

@tereško It does not ask :(

tereško

what do you see?

Sajad

after removing, I need to close the window and open it again ?

oh

it asked

login :

it is root ?

tereško

21:52

pay attention

I already answered that

Sajad

ok, done

root@sajad:~ #

tereško

ok, lets start with the tricky part

no, wait ... some exploring is in order

write: cd /

and then: ls

these are two command that you should already know

"ls" stands for "list" (if I recall correctly)

if you write: ls -l

you will see same list with additional information

Sajad

ow, I kew 'ls', it shows folder

@tereško yes ! I kow

tereško

ok

now, do you have putty?

Sajad

yes

I can connect to my vbox ? very exiting :P

Psycogeek

21:56

In Da News: Pokeman Death by Cosplay myfoxboston.com/story/29860467/… "BOSTON –Two men have been arrested after allegedly threatening violence to attendees at the Pokemon World Championship in Boston." "After obtaining a search warrant for the vehicle, police found a 12-gauge shotgun, an AR-15, several hundred rounds of ammunition and a hunting knife."

tereško

@Sajad first, go to the VBox and go in the configuration again

Sajad

ok, well ?

tereško

pick "network > port forwarding"

you will need to add a rule there

Sajad

there is a checkbox

active port serial

I select it ?

tereško

no

there should be a butrton

"port forwarding"

Sajad

21:59

@tereško image not found

tereško

shit

Sajad

ok wait

tereško

you clicked on "serial ports" .. wrong place

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