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00:00 - 22:0022:00 - 00:00

00:32
@Deusovi I am back
hello!
So update: There are 22 questions, she said about 1 question of each "topic", and one of the questions will be Riemann's sum... Idk if that means integral or whatever we're doing right now, but
O_O
breathe
Anyhow
\o
bobble also reminds you to breathe
Tree is trying not to have a panic attack
Anyhow
So, applying our new equation to our equation above
you can do this, ok? you got through that last problem and there were a lot of steps
00:36
Alright, thank you. My biggest worry is just seeing something and I'll forget it.
I'll be okay
Alright, let's do this
So, we first have delta(x)=(b-a)/n. In our case, that's (4-0)/n, or 4/n
And now...
f(x_k) which was
f(a+kdelta(x))
So f(0+k(4))
Urm, "k" is our bound variable here, right?
k is bound by the sum
n is bound by the limit, and at the very end you should be comfortably back in the realm of actual numbers
hm, so I currently have sum((f(4k/n))*4/n) and the limit of n of that
be careful with your parentheses - the 4/n is included in the sum (though... it can be pulled out)
00:41
right
Okay, so now what do I do? how do I find the height to multiply 4/n by?
(4/n)*sum(f(4k/n))
well, what is f?
so what is f(4k/n)?
Ah, (4k/n)^2
So now out sum portion of the expression is
(4/n)*sum[(16k^2)/(n^2)]
I can then take a 16/n^2 out
So now we have
(4/n)*(16/n^2)*sum(k^2). And I have the equation for the k^2 as well. It was
(flipping pages)
n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
(4/n)*(16/n^2)*(n(n+1)(2n+1)/6)
Ah hah!
So
4*(16/n^2)*((n+1)(2n+1)/6)
(64/n^2)*((n+1)(2n+1)/6)
(32[(n+1)(2n+1)])/(3n^2)
(32((2n^2)+3n+1))/(3n^2)
((64n^2)+96n+32)/(3n^2)
[(64n^2)/3n^2)]+[(96n)/(3n^2)]+[(32)/(3n^2)]
And we don't care about the latter two fractions because they'll approach zero as x-->infinity
So our final answer is 64/3
🎉
congratulations, you just did a calculus!
3
00:53
And yay! It matches the answer key
My first integral!
if you continue with calculus you'll learn a lot of shortcuts later on so you don't have to do this limit and sum every time. (that would be a pain if you had to)
but this is all that it really is
congratulations, you now understand half of calculus
Yay! The other half is derivatives and like... anti-derivatives?
Okay, so we have more slides
yeah, derivatives are the other half
The next few slides are just practice questions, which I can do on my own. Here's the next new thingy
Okay let's start with that funky sign
What is that weird squiggly
that's the integral sign!
it originally comes from a stretched S, for "sum"
00:59
Which is....
Huh....
it's a thing being defined right here
they're telling you that when you write ∫[a,b] f(x) dx, you mean that Riemann sum
the thing you found was the "definite integral of x², from x=0 to 4". or as you'd write it more practically, ∫₀⁴ x² dx
01:01
What is dx? Derivative of x?
dx is just notation that goes along with the integral sign, to tell you what variable you're using
it's meant to remind you of the Δx you use in the Riemann sum - it doesn't mean anything formally
but you can think about it as meaning "a little bit of x", and then the ∫ just means "sum"
it helps with keeping track of stuff when you have multiple integrals but that's calc 3 :)
01:02
Please, not now, bobble :P
I don't even think I'll be at calc 3... unless that's calc c? Who knows
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Anyhow, what is a left-hand sum and inscribed sum?
And the circumscribed sum?
basically, when you're taking the sum, which point do you choose for the height of your strip?
you can always choose the left-hand side, or the right-hand side
which gives you left-hand sums and right-hand sums
alternatively, you can always choose the lowest / highest point, and that gives you the inscribed / circumscribed sums
when you're taking the limit, they'll all give the same result, but sometimes some of them are easier to calculate, or easier to think about formally
01:05
I see
So here it would be
Sum of the rectangle from... 0-2, 2-4, and 4-6?
yep, those are your three strips
What would be the heights, though?
Is it like
(2-1)^2 for strip one, uh (4-1)^2 for strip two and (6-1)^2 for strip three? That seems big
well, +1 for each
but that would be the right-hand sum. here you're looking for the inscribed sum
Oh, I see
So we want the smaller sum stuff
right! instead of the x-values 2, 4, and 6, you pick whatever x-values give you the smallest result when you plug them in - they may be 2/4/6, but they also may not be
01:08
calculating
So you would want to instead pick from the left hand coordinates between the three strips
So like
(0+1)^2 for strip one, (2+1)^2 for strip 2, and (4+1)^2 for strip three? Hm, that doesn't seem right
it's (x-1)² + 1
but not necessarily! it might not even be one of the sides
Oh, I didn't see that
where is the function (x-1)² + 1 lowest on the interval [0,2]? (graphing the function might help!)
(Hehe desmos)
Um, at (1,1)
right, so you pick x=1 for your representative in the [0,2] strip
01:11
Hm, okay
And then between 2 to 4, it's (2,2) that's the lowest point
And then between 4-6, it's (4,10) that's the lowest
sounds good to me
and hey, you've already got your f(whatever) values, so you don't need to plug anything into the function anymore! how convenient
Yup
2*1+2*2+2*10
26
sounds good to me
01:16
Oh wrong picture
(sorry more slides incoming)
(okay that's the last slide, sorry for the barrage of slides)
So exactly what's going on here? Midpoint sums?
same thing but you take the midpoint of every interval as the 'representative'
it can be a better approximation if you're not actually going to take the limit
oh i see
What about the one that starts with "we don't have to start at the y axis?"
the y axis is x=0
that's just saying a doesn't have to be 0
you can go from 2 to 6, or -4 to 20, or whatever
∫[0,4] ((x^2)+1) dx =/= ∫[2,6] ((x^2)+1) dx
I understand what this is saying by the picture
But if I were to plug this into my riemann sum right away, would I get ∫[0,4] ((x^2)+1) dx rather than ∫[2,6] ((x^2)+1) dx?
which sum?
∫[2,6] ((x^2)+1) dx
I'm a bit confused on what the slides are trying to tell me
it depends on how you set up your sum - if you chose your strips to cut up the range from 0 to 4, you would get ∫[0,4] ((x^2)+1) dx. if you chose your strips to cut up the range from 2 to 6, you would get ∫[2,6] ((x^2)+1) dx
it depends on which values you chose for f(xₖ)
Oh. That's just (2+kdelta(x))
Or
f(2+(k4/n))
yep, that's right
I.. didn't get the point of why those slides were there then
That just seems obvious by our given equation
because people miss that sometimes
01:27
Hm, okay
That's fair
some of these slides are saying "obvious" things just to reinforce them, and help you think more about the properties of integrals
Oh, okay
So to solve the thing out now
eek, this looks really tedious
what thing?
Solving it out
Yeah.. I'm just gonna
Maybe not do that
what's "it" here
01:35
The answer to
17 mins ago, by Prince North Læraðr
user image
ahhh
it's not awful, it's just basically the same thing you did already
Yeah, I realized it's a LOT of just busy algebra
Right, it's just super long now
Anyhow, new problem!
(Pretty sure these next ones aren't gonna be on the final but I figured I should finish up and learn the last two types of problems)
So we have
delta(x) as 15/n
f(x_k)=f(a+kdelta(x))
So
f(1+k(15/n))
That's not right
f(x)=4rt(x), so f(1+k(15/n)) is 4rt((1+k(15/n))
Oh, is that literally just it?
well you need to write the limit and sum
but yes
Right
lim(n-->infinity) sum(4rt((1+k(15/n)))*(15/n)
Shorthand way but yeah
don't forget the limits of your sum! but yeah you got it that's it
01:43
Okay final new thingy
So let's see
Our initial "a" is 5, because of f(x_k) equation
And since delta(x)=b-a/n, 2/n=b-5/n, 2=b-5, b=7
And our function seems to be just f(x)=x^10
So integral[5,7](x^10)dx?
yep!
yay!
I can't believe I literally just did
Calculus stuff
That's kinda crazy
So with integrals, this is just the basic concept and then you learn to find areas of harder shapes and shortcuts?
yep!
Wow
So if I just learn how to do integrals and derivatives over the summer, I should have a pretty strong foundation going into calculus bc!
Eeek, okay it doesn't seem as straightforward as that, looking at Calc AB concepts
Be warned deusovi, you may be getting a lot of pings over the summer over calculus stuff
fine by me
01:52
(I want to be prepared before I go into Calc BC because well yeah I don't wanna fail that class)
I have heard that Pre-Calculus Honors is the hardest class in my school, and I can kind of see why
There doesn't actually seem to be that many topics, per se, looking at a quick glance over at Khan Academy
i think the thing people have the most trouble with in calculus is the algebra - if you have that down, you'll be fine
Pre-Calc just moved really fast to cover all of the foundation that'll be needed for Calculus
(okay gotta go eat)
(alright!)
02:14
@Deusovi Thanks for the help :) gonna log off for tonight because I'm getting a headache, but I'll let you know how tomorrow goes
no problem! hope it goes well
 
13 hours later…
15:12
O_O final is in 15 minutes
breathing intesifies
It's okay, I got this
we're good
16:00
qapla'
16:47
I think I genuinely failed
;-;
Okay so I have some cushion
If I got a hundred on my last test, and if my teacher drops our lowest test score, than I have to score lower than about 62% in order to get an A
But still, it's stressful
Sid
Sid
@PrinceNorthLæraðr that bad?
17:02
Yeah. I random guessed on 5 questions because of time
Looking at the answers I compared with my friend (after we turned our test in of course) looks like I missed all the ones I guessed. We disagree on one of the answers
Sid
Sid
5 out of how many?
So I got like a 17/22 or 16/22
22
Sid
Sid
That's still quite good.
That's a 70%
I'm praying she drops our lowest test score
Sid
Sid
It's not perfect but it's not as bad as "failing".
17:04
If that's the case, I will be solid
I'll have a B+ or an A- depending on what my teacher does
I needed straight A's this year ;-;
Sid
Sid
@PrinceNorthLæraðr 75%, no? I would say that's a decent B+ in an exam.
Well, 77% or 72%
And she doesn't curve
Sid
Sid
(what was the question that you and your friend disagreed on?)
So it was a "which one of the statements are true?"
So statement 1) was in "K/A+3e^-kt" the starting value is 1/4 the carrying capacity
Statement 2) was like the maximum carrying capacity is k/A in "K/A+3e^-kt"
Statement 3) was I don't remember but we had different answers whether or not statement 2 was true
I said that it's K/A since as t goes to infinity, e gets smaller and smaller
He said he guessed, so idk
Unless k is a negative value so that it's e^-(-k)t?
Sid
Sid
Maximum value won't be at t = infinity, no?
Since your function is a summation
17:10
Uhhhh
No, it's logistic growth
sigh
I'm just
Done
I'm just hoping I got an A- in the class
Sid
Sid
Perhaps you're right. I just don't see how (k/A + 3e^(-kt)) will be maximum at t = infinity. As the second part is an exponentially decreasing function(for k and t>0), it's maximum value would be at t = 0. Or so I think
Oh whoops
I put the wrong equation
It was just like
"K/A+e^-kt" or something. Or maybe it was 1? I forgot the exact wording ngl
Maybe you mean K/(A+e^(-kt))?
Sid
Sid
Oh duhhhh
17:16
(I've no idea what this is about, just saw logistic curve)
Oh sorry, parenthesis
Sid
Sid
Yeah, you're right, North.
Sid
Sid
I have clearly forgotten what a logistic curve is. Shameful.
I only remember because I have my ODE finals in a week
Sid
Sid
17:20
@Ankoganit Good luck.
Thanks :)
Can't wait to be done with diff eqs
Sid
Sid
@Ankoganit Only ODE or PDE as well?
Only ODE
Hopefully I won't have to take the PDE course
It's funny, back in high school I used be like "can't wait to be done with non-math things"
Sid
Sid
PDE made me want to go to hell rather than study that.
Understandable
17:26
Ugh
@Ankoganit Are you a STEM major or just have to still take math?
Because
I would hate to do more math
ew, diff eqs are the worst
That's not gonna be in calculus BC right?
That's like college stuff
@PrinceNorthLæraðr math major
17:28
that's a thing you can take in college but may or may not have to, even as a math major
it's a mandatory course for me, unfortunately
yeah, was for me too :/
Because if three math nerds are telling me a math topic is horrid, that's a class I'll know to steer way clear of
it's not even the fun kind of math
17:29
Eh I'm sure there are people into diff eqs
@Ankoganit "It's funny, back in high school I used be like "can't wait to be done with non-math things"
And then you decided to be a math major??
Yes?
Does that not make sense?
Why the change?
Ohhhh
(i think you accidentally mentally dropped a "non-" there)
17:30
Ah
(I saw "non-math" as"no more math")
Yeah I tend to needlessly complicate sentences oops
Nah, I'm just tired
And done with life
the fun kind of math is more conceptual, less calculation - like how i explained how to develop the formula for the Riemann sum
and then using it is a bit of a pain at times
17:31
Yes!
higher math is mostly the conceptual stuff, which is why i think you might like it more than algebra/precalc
We leave the using part to physicists and engineers
I realized I despise physics sooooo
and then diff eqs comes in and is like "here's a bunch of calculations to do! also here's a bunch of formulas to memorize with absolutely no motivation behind them"
Too true
17:31
I do enjoy theoretic more than practical
We'll see
j o i n u s
I'm not sure you can convince me to enjoy math quite so soon, Deus
nah, probably not! and it's okay if you don't like it
Oh I wouldn't bet on that
Plenty of people change their views on math after going beyond high school
In both directions
I asked a math teacher (like the only good one in our school) why he liked math, and he's like "why would you not like math?"
17:33
man that's a terrible answer
there are so many cool things you could talk about
Well he was leaving, so he didn't have much time to talk
Sid
Sid
@Ankoganit Yup. Math is a necessary evil. :P
He had to get to his class
17:34
ahh ok
@Sid What's your major again? Math too?
Sid
Sid
@PrinceNorthLæraðr I will be done with Electrical Engineering in about a week or two's time.
Sid
Sid
(we just have a lot of math to study and apply in different subjects)
yeah, figured
17:35
Makes sense
I always feel so out of place here :P we have a bunch of stem nerds and here's me with "music goes toot toot"
2
Humanities~
To be fair, music does go toot toot
2
Yes, it indeed does
yes, that is a very good point
My aunt is so funny
17:36
I occasionally play the piano if that makes you feel less out of place
She heard I'm going into music and possibly double-majoring in communication, and she's like
"With your GPA and brain? That's a waste of college"
She's like "you should go do something cool like astrophysics"
I started laughing so hard
My mom looked so incredulous
My mom's like "you know that your nephew here doesn't like math right?"
And she's like naming every single stem major I could go into I'm like
"I'm not into math, chemistry, biology, or physics soooooo"
17:38
Heh
Music major sounds fun!
Yeah, but I'm just trying to find a double-major that's also like gonna be useful :P
Getting a job as a music composition major is a tad difficult
Sid
Sid
What exactly does "majoring in communication" entail?
@PrinceNorthLæraðr ah I see
@Sid Learning different communication skills, basically. There's different focuses, but the one I'll be going is like focused on rhetoric and style
Interesting
Sid
Sid
17:43
@PrinceNorthLæraðr Ah. That's super interesting.
I thought that would come under a linguistics or language major.
North is gonna be writing really persuasive song lyrics
north læraðr, future propaganda musician
17:57
@Deusovi Hehe
Thank you everybody for the help this year :)
And many more to come as I enter the world of calculus
no problem, happy to help!
 
4 hours later…
21:59
@Deusovi I know this is a really weird question, but can an integral ever be... negative?
Like I was thinking
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