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A: Would it be easier to put humans on Venus rather than Mars?

Christopher James HuffTechnically, yes, it would be easier to put people on Venus. You need less of a kick for the interplanetary trip and slowing down is trivial with that dense atmosphere...one of the Pioneer Multiprobe sub-probes made a soft landing despite only being designed as atmospheric probes. However, the su...

JBIS volume 73 No.4 (April 2020) has a paper "Conceptual Design of a Crewed Platform in the Venusian Atmosphere" -- Unfortunately I've not yet read it as I'm horribly behind.
CSM
CSM
According to this site, at 49.5km altitude, Venus's atmosphere is 1bar/66degC. At 52.5km, it's 0.68bar/37degC, at 58km 0.2bar / -13degC. Therefore at these heights (which are in cloud tops), it should be possible to have a dirigible that can contain a human-compatible atmosphere.
Obligatory XKCD: xkcd.com/1456 (see tooltip text)
Perhaps notably, OP only asked about putting people on Venus, not keeping them alive there, or returning them home to Earth (alive or dead). :-q
In short, "yes, as long as it's someone you don't like".
@CSM I did mention that possibility, but you'd need a launch vehicle of roughly the scale of a Falcon 9 to get back to orbit. Delivering such a launch vehicle and a floating launch platform capable of operating 50 km from the ground would be many times more difficult than delivering a human. Maybe a rotovator could get you back more easily, but however you do it, it's way beyond our current capabilities...you're still going to end up visiting the surface in the end.
11:32
And not to forget, the dirigible and back-rocket would need to be able to withstand the sulphuric-acid fumes and all, and if they don't it's very Game Over.
Though if you're not concerned about the return trip, we theoretically have the technology to put people on Mars today. It's getting them there and back again we're not ready for yet. We haven't even gotten rocks back from Mars yet - though that may change soon.
@ChristopherJamesHuff Thinking about the thick soup of an atmosphere on Venus; the drag would be immense - could you even get into orbit at all? I suspect that the drag equation and the rocket equation would keep you stuck on the surface until you melted.
@OscarBravo Never mind the drag, the surface pressure is only a few bar short of the Merlin 1D's chamber pressure. A rocket on the surface might not even manage choked exhaust flow, and the expansion ratio would be awful. Balloon launch is largely pointless on Earth, on Venus it'd pretty much be a requirement.
Just for comparison, a tandoori oven - which is a really hot cooking method - reaches about 480 °C en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandoor Western-style baking oven temperatures run about 175-200 °C.
@ChristopherJamesHuff - "In short, "yes, as long as it's someone you don't like" - I can think of someone who would make an excellent candidate, but I'd better not say his name.
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I think the major colonization ideas with Venus generally assume some sort of buoyant station in the upper atmosphere where the temperature and pressure are more suitable for human activity. I don't think anyone has seriously considered trying to establish an operating base on the surface of Venus. I don't even think we have the technology to produce a long-term unmanned piece of technology that could survive the surface long-term in an operating condition.
@J... Again, I mentioned that. With current technology, it's just a stop on your way to the surface. (And while it'd be very difficult, we probably actually could make a surface probe capable of long-term operation: SiC integrated circuits have been produced that can operate at ambient temperatures and we could actively cool some more sensitive components. Stuff in jet turbines and drilling equipment deals with even harsher environments.)
@ChristopherJamesHuff Your answer is from the perspective that human colonization efforts on Venus would be focused on putting people on the surface. I don't think that has ever been the case, nor will it. An atmospheric station would not be just a stop on the way to the surface - nobody would be going to the surface ever. The atmosphere would be the place to build your long-term base of operations - maybe probes would occasionally go to the surface (much like we do with the bottom of the ocean on Earth) but humans would almost certainly have to set up shop high in the atmosphere.
@J... My answer does not address human colonization at all, since it is not the topic of the question. And again, at present technology an atmospheric station would eventually end up as surface wreckage. We do not have the technology to colonize the atmosphere of Venus.
@ChristopherJamesHuff I guess the point is that human missions to Venus have been widely explored by experts and the general consensus is that human missions to Venus would have to focus on activities in the upper atmosphere. Both OP's question and your answer focus on the surface in a way that suggests a certain unfamiliarity with prior work that has examined the feasibility of Venusian exploration.
@J... your comments suggest that you still have not actually read my answer beyond the first paragraph. Please do so.
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@ChristopherJamesHuff I have read it - like I said, it just sounds like the surface is considered first and the atmosphere as a second thought when in reality it would be the atmosphere we would be considering first. Yes, an atmospheric manned mission is beyond our current technology, but it's much more achievable than a surface mission and it's a practical goal for future space development. I think your answer is great - I just think it could benefit from making note that current Venusian exploration concepts look more to the atmosphere than the surface as the destination of interest.
@J... And the answer is addressing what the OP was asking about. As you said, "Both OP's question and your answer focus on the surface" which seems appropriate for an answer to focus on the same thing as a question. I will agree that there is room for a secondary or follow-up question along the lines of "How could we manage to get humans to stay at Venus in something other than just an orbital station" or something like that, however. And the answer does include a note about using balloons in the atmosphere.
@fyrepenguin Sure, I think it's fine that OP's question focuses on the surface (that's the idea - we take naive questions and set them straight). I just think the answer should steer OP in the direction of the atmosphere as the most likely destination for human missions to Venus.
The floating cities on Venus that you're describing were depicted in one episode of Cowboy Bebop.

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