The Pacific geoduck (/ˈɡuː.iˌdʌk/ GOO-ee-DUCK), scientific name Panopea generosa, is a species of very large, edible saltwater clam in the family Hiatellidae. The common name is derived from a Lushootseed (Nisqually) word gʷídəq. The geoduck is native to the west coast of North America. The shell of the clam ranges from 15 centimetres (5.9 in) to over 20 centimetres (7.9 in) in length, but the extremely long siphons make the clam itself much longer than this: the "neck" or siphons alone can be 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. The geoduck is the largest burrowing clam in the world. It is also one of...

The Visigothic Kingdom or Kingdom of the Visigoths (Latin: Regnum Visigothorum; Gothic: Gutþiuda Þiudinassus) was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire, it was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Aquitaine in southwest France by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, the attempts...

El Reino de Aragón (en aragonés: Reino d'Aragón) nace en 1035, por la unión de los condados de Aragón, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza en la figura de Ramiro I. Se prolongará hasta 1707, cuando Felipe V promulgó los Decretos de Nueva Planta, por los que el reino se integra en el Reino de España. == Historia == === Origen: El condado de Aragón === El matrimonio de Andregoto, hija del conde Galindo II de Aragón, con el rey García Sánchez I de Navarra, condujo a la unión de ambas entidades políticas. El Condado de Aragón siguió conservando una cierta personalidad que había sido reforzada por el renacer de la...

The Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma) was a Basque kingdom or polity that took form across the western Pyrenees and around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. It was thus one of the Christian political entities that arose on northern Iberia following the conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom by the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century. The kingdom has its origins in the County of Pamplona, one of the buffer states established by the Frankish king Charlemagne in order to stop the progress of the Islamic caliphate that controlled most of the...

The Reconquista ("reconquest") is a period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, spanning approximately 770 years, between the initial Umayyad conquest of Hispania in the 710s and the fall of the Emirate of Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, to expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492. The Reconquista ended immediately before the European re-discovery of the Americas—the "New World"—which ushered in the era of the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires. Historians traditionally mark the beginning of the Reconquista with the Battle of Covadonga (718 or 722), in which a small Christian...

The Kingdom of Asturias (Latin: Regnum Asturorum) was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula founded in 718 by the nobleman Pelagius of Asturias (Spanish: Pelayo). It was the first Christian political entity established after the conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 718 or 722. That year, Pelagius defeated an Umayyad patrol at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is usually regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista. The Kingdom of Asturias transitioned to the Kingdom of León in 924, when Fruela II of Asturias became king with his royal court in León. == History... ==

Ruderic (also spelled Roderic, Roderik, Roderich, or Roderick; Spanish and Portuguese: Rodrigo, Arabic: Ludharīq, لذريق‎‎; died 711 or 712) was the Visigothic King of Hispania for a brief period between 710 and 712. He is famous in legend as "the last king of the Goths". In history he actually is an extremely obscure figure about whom little can be said with certainty but that he ruled part of Iberia with opponents ruling the rest and was defeated and killed by invading Muslims who soon conquered most of the peninsula. His widow Egilona is believed to have married Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, who was...

Garum was a fermented fish sauce used as a condiment in the cuisines of ancient Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. Liquamen was a similar preparation, and at times the two were synonymous. Although it enjoyed its greatest popularity in the Roman world, the sauce was earlier used by the Greeks. The Romans thought the Latin word garum derived from the Greek garos, a fish from which it was supposed to have been originally made, but this fish-name is unattested in classical Greek. It is believed to be the ancestor of the fermented anchovy sauce Colatura di Alici which is still produced today in Campania...

Manifestis Probatum was a papal bull dated May 23, 1179, in which Pope Alexander III officially recognised Afonso Henriques as the first King of Portugal. The Papacy did not at first recognize the legitimacy of Afonso's adoption of the royal title in 1139, but continued to regard him as a vassal of the kingdom of León. The switch in papal policy in 1179 was justified by Afonso's conquest of lands to the south to which no other Christian monarch had claim. == TextEdit == Alexander, Bishop, Servant of God’s servants, to the Dearest son in Christ, Afonso, Illustrious King of the Portuguese, and to...

O Tratado de Zamora foi um diploma resultante da conferência de paz entre D. Afonso Henriques e seu primo, Afonso VII de Leão e Castela. Celebrado a 5 de Outubro de 1143, esta é considerada como a data da independência de Portugal e o início da dinastia afonsina. Este dia é feriado nacional , que esteve suspenso, mas entretanto já reposto, em Portugal. No entanto, antes da suspensão, oficialmente era comemorada a implantação da República, em Portugal, em 1910. Nesse dia, simpatizantes da causa monárquica costumam celebrar, por seu lado, o nascimento do Reino de Portugal, em 1143. Em Zamora foi...

The Treaty of Tordesillas (Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas [tɾɐˈtaðu ðɨ tuɾðɨˈziʎɐʃ], Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas [tɾaˈtaðo ðe toɾðeˈsiʎas]), signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. This line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León...

Articles of the Treaty of Nemours (or Treaty of Saint-Maur) were agreed upon in writing and signed in Nemours on 7 July 1585 between the Queen Mother, Catherine de' Medici, acting for the King, and representatives of the House of Guise, including the Duke of Lorraine. Catherine hastened to Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, where on 13 July the treaty was signed between King Henry III of France and the leaders of the Catholic League, including Henri, duc de Guise. The king was pressured by members of the Catholic League to sign the accord which was recognized by contemporaries as a renewal of the old French...

The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise (Lorraine), and both sides received assistance from foreign sources. The exact number of wars and their respective dates are the subject of continued debate by historians; some assert that the Edict of Nantes in 1598 concluded the wars, although a resurgence of rebellious activity following...