N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a sialic acid molecule found in most mammals. Humans cannot synthesize Neu5Gc because the human gene CMAH is irreversibly mutated, though it is found in apes. It is absent in human tissues because of inactivation of gene encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase. The gene CMAH encodes for CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, which is the enzyme responsible for CMP-Neu5Gc from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic (CMP-Neu5Ac) acid. This loss of the CMAH was estimated to have occurred two to three millions of years ago, which occurred just before the emergence of...

Fel d 1 is a protein that in cats is encoded by the CH1 (chain 1/Fel d 1-A) and CH2 (chain 2/Fel d 1-B) genes. Fel d 1, produced largely in cat saliva and sebaceous glands, is the primary allergen present on cats and kittens. Fel d 1 is also produced by cat skin itself. The protein is of an unknown function to the animal but causes an IgG or IgE reaction in sensitive humans (either as an allergic or asthmatic response). Removal of soft surfaces in the home (carpet, furniture), frequent washings of bed linens, HEPA filters and even washing cats has been proven to reduce the amounts of Fel d 1 present...

Urban beekeeping is the practice of keeping bee colonies in urban areas. It may also be referred to as hobby beekeeping or backyard beekeeping. Bees from urban apiaries are often reported to be healthier than their rural counterparts, a pattern that is often attributed to cities' having higher floral diversity and lower pesticide prevalence than rural-agricultural landscapes. This pattern remains anecdotal, though, and a recent empirical study of honey bee success patterns in Ohio, USA, found a weakly negative relationship between urban land cover and colony success among apiaries characterized...

Noun: apiary (plural apiaries)

1. A place where bees and their hives are kept.