“If you are an athlete in search of a chemical boost your options are limited. Many of the drugs that are known to work—anabolic steroids to make you stronger, say, or erythropoietin to boost your endurance—are banned and come with nasty side-effects. Many legal supplements, on the other hand, seem not to do anything useful.
An exception is creatine, a staple of sports nutrition and one of the few supplements with a solid evidence base behind it. One review paper from 2017 concluded that creatine can give athletes a 10-20% performance boost in brief bouts of high-intensity exercise, such as…