user1583209

@Glorfindel: Good point. Is this (and similar positions where queen/king could not have moved) the only exception?

Shouldn't it be even because to every position there is a mirrored position, mirrored on the axis between the e and d files. (Note that a position cannot be mirror symmetric because of the kings.

Was bedeutet "korrekt" hier? Die Niederländer sagen "van choch" (oder so ähnlich). Andererseits gibt es unzählige Eigennamen wo die deutsche Version vom Original abweicht.

I will also attempt to answer this.

@XcoderX: Apparently the question is: Why is the momentum of a pully with two masses moving with velocity $v$ equal to $(m_1+m_2) v$ and not $m_1 v - m_2 v$ (as it would by vector addition of the momenta of independent/unconnected masses)?

Can you be more clear about what your question is? This is not a place to ask such open ended questions like: "explain how pulleys work" $m_1u=m_2v$ is momentum conservation. What is not clear about this?

Are you talking about this specific example of in general?

Conservation of momentum and conservation of energy are not the same thing usually. You should make this clear in your answer.