Jun 22, 2024 17:09
The (supposed) difference may only be apparent at (or above) the phrase level, but the diagnostic tests for distinguishing (gerund-)participles from adjectives are mostly at the phrase level, aren't they? "Takes a direct object" or "is modified by very" are phrase-level tests for word-level categorizations.
Jun 22, 2024 17:09
The function of a phrase typically depends on the part of speech of the phrase's head, so I don't see why you it's obviously a "gross mistake" to suppose that the word "eating" in "The man [eating this cake]" might be grammatically distinct in some way from the word "eating" in "[Eating this cake] is easy." I haven't read the relevant parts of CGEL in a while, but doesn't it address some arguments for a distinction in the course of ultimately arguing against that distinction?
Jun 22, 2024 17:09
I don't get why you're basing this question on the sloppy terminology used by answers on this site (which is not a good source for rigorous linguistic analyses). As you said, you can just replace "noun" and "adjective" in those descriptions with "NP" and "AdjP": "a gerund is a verb-form used in a non-finite clause that functions as an NP, and a present participle is a verb-form used as the head of a phrase that functions as an AdjP".
 
Mar 14, 2024 10:53
I think it would be strange to start the body of the question with a quote about a specific proposed piece of legislation and end by saying "what's the biggest hurdle preventing it from being enacted as law in the U.S. | Identical bills in the Senate and House: S.1171 - Ending Trading and Holdings In Congressional Stocks (ETHICS) Act, H.R.2678 - Ending Trading and Holdings in Congressional Stocks (ETHICS) Act" if the question is not about these specific bills after all, but is about a hypothetical other bill that would do something different. I have asked Sayaman to clarify
Mar 14, 2024 10:53
Although the question title says "elected officials", the body of the question quotes a passage that refers specifically to "legislation that would ban members of Congress".
 
Nov 27, 2023 23:27
@FumbleFingers: Where did you get the idea that ruffled potato chips are "made from reconstituted potato powder"? See here: "Ripple potato chips are cut by a serrated blade." They're sliced, like other potato chips, just with a differently-shaped blade.
 
Jul 3, 2023 23:41
I looked at spectrograms of my vowels a while ago, but I was focused on the positions more than the trajectories. I'll try to do a new analysis
Jul 3, 2023 23:41
Rather than [ɛɐ], I would say my pronunciation is closer to [eə]
 

 CONLOQVIVM

Ad linguam Latinam (etc.) disputandam | latin.stackexchange.com...
May 7, 2023 17:19
Jean Soubiran says something similar in "Intremere omnem et Si bona norint" (1959), which I found by Googling some of the lines with unusual accent patterns:
"Avant d'aller plus loin, soulignons bien que nous n'entendons pas ici réveiller la vieille querelle concernant une prétendue recherche de la coïncidence accent-ictus en fin d'hexamètre. On voit assez, à la lumière de ce qui précède, qu'elle est un faux problème, puisque, à l'aide de trois facteurs indiscutables et complètement étrangers aux notions de temps fort ou d'ictus, on explique le retour régulier de l'accent verbal à des place
May 7, 2023 17:17
Ah, it's a bit of a fine point. They don't dispute the cadence of the last five syllables; what they take issue with is the idea that this stress pattern is related to an "ictus".
Here's Benjamin Fortson, "Latin Prosody and Metrics", Ch. 7 *A Companion to the Latin Language*:
"It is still worth issuing the reminder that the observed distribution of stresses in the hexameter is largely epiphenomenal. Stressed monosyllables were avoided at the end of a line after Ennius, meaning the second-to-last syllable was almost always the (stressed) heavy penult of a two- or three-syllable word. (Line-f
May 7, 2023 06:44
At least Vergil is easier than trying to understand the meter and prosody of Plautus!
May 7, 2023 06:43
Sometimes explained by the idea of a "coincidence of accent and ictus" in this position; but several modern sources that I've read repudiate that viewpoint
May 7, 2023 06:41
Most hexameter lines in Vergil end in the pattern –́⏑⏑–́–
May 7, 2023 06:39
I assume the preposition is not stressed here, but I think some might argue that it is ...
May 7, 2023 06:38
E.g. the following lines are unusual in having a fifth foot starting with a monosyllabic preposition:
quid memorem Alcīdēn? et mī genus ab Jove summō.'
Ītaliam quaerō patriam et genus ab Jove summō.
sīderaque ēmēnsae ferimur, dum per mare magnum
Quālis in Eurōtae rīpīs aut per juga Cynthī
quīn omnem Hesperiam penitus sua sub juga mittant,
May 7, 2023 06:36
I initially was looking at types of elision, and now am trying to find out about lines that have unusual stress patterns. But figuring out what the actual stress was is tricky!
May 7, 2023 06:36
Probably PedeCerto could also be used for some things I am interested in. For example, it is easy to use PedeCerto to find lines that end in a monosyllable
May 7, 2023 06:34
And have been running some scripts to find unusual lines
May 7, 2023 06:34
I recently downloaded Hypotactic's text of the Aeneid: hypotactic.com/vergils-aeneid-text-and-pdf
May 7, 2023 06:22
Oh, Wikipedia says More does bring it up himself: "Wherfore not Utopie, but rather rightely my name is Eutopie, a place of felicitie."
May 7, 2023 06:21
I don't know how much evidence we have that this was intended by More
May 7, 2023 06:20
@Cerberus In English, "Utopia" and "Eutopia" are pronounced the same. So it works as a aural pun for English speakers
May 7, 2023 06:20
Hello!
Feb 9, 2022 04:58
I am glad I stopped by the chat today. Valete!
Feb 9, 2022 04:49
Unfortunately, I find it easier and more pleasant to read about languages than to actually gain proficiency
Feb 9, 2022 04:47
@cmw I don't have much staying power, unfortunately, so I've read fragments of various texts rather than anything all the way through
Feb 9, 2022 04:45
@Vegawatcher Yes
Feb 9, 2022 04:44
Perhaps putting a bit of work now into studying the patterns would ameliorate that
Feb 9, 2022 04:44
@cmw I look forward to it. I am absorbing the more common verb forms, such as the future, from reading, but the less common ones are still a guessing game for me when I encounter them
Feb 9, 2022 04:43
@Vegawatcher It looks like it's often translated as "mock", but I am not sure of the reasons for that.
Feb 9, 2022 04:35
That makes sense, I was familiar with "flagrum". I believe it's one of the misleading words where the vowel is short by nature, but some dictionaries mark it with a macron-breve because it is followed by "gr"
Feb 9, 2022 04:33
@Vegawatcher Ah, it looks like a frequentative, but it seems there's no plain *flago corresponding to it. I wonder if it's a coincidence
Feb 9, 2022 04:30
@Adam Yes, that's why it seems like a good idea to find material that is engaging
Feb 9, 2022 04:30
Hmm, looks like my guess wasn't very close!
Feb 9, 2022 04:27
@Vegawatcher I'll try to guess without looking. Something to do with whips, or perhaps with slowing down ...
Feb 9, 2022 04:25
@Adam True! I read an article arguing that "porcus" has a different nuance than just "pig", which is not obvious to a speaker of modern languages who just recognizes the root
Feb 9, 2022 04:22
I find vocabulary challenging, as it often is in language learning in general, even though any English speaker has an automatic head start with Latin vocabulary
Feb 9, 2022 04:18
Something else that seems interesting when looking at references to the Holy Spirit in different languages could be the gender of the word. It seems Greek uses neuter πνεῦμα, while Wiktionary tells me Hebrew רוּחַ can be feminine or masculine
Feb 9, 2022 04:17
@Vegawatcher Although I have Christian background, I was never taught very precisely how I ought to conceive of the Holy Ghost
Feb 9, 2022 04:13
@Vegawatcher Interesting, have you studied the Coptic language then?
Feb 9, 2022 04:07
@Vegawatcher What part of the Greek is unusual? Is is something to do with articles?
Feb 9, 2022 04:06
Poetry is often nice for this purpose since the scansion can give away the vowel length. I'm still only beginning to get accustomed to Latin poetry, but I'm starting to get the hang of identifying hendecasyllables
Feb 9, 2022 04:06
@Cerberus I don't! That's why I think it's fairly silly of me, I would only be "getting it wrong" in my own head.
Feb 9, 2022 04:04
So I try to read aloud (at least in my head) when reading, and so I get annoyed when I'm reading an unmacronized text and don't feel confident about what length I should be using
Feb 9, 2022 04:03
@Cerberus I'm not sure it's a useful motivation, but I just dislike the idea of getting it wrong when speaking
Feb 9, 2022 04:02
@Vegawatcher Ah, that is an issue! The different religious implications of different interpretations might make the meaning of some passages a more disputed topic
Feb 9, 2022 03:58
@Vegawatcher Nice! The gospels are useful in how much commentary and translation is available
Feb 9, 2022 03:57
Aside from verbs, something else I thought might be an interesting project to tackle for myself is getting better at predicting vowel length in roots/stems. I found this thesis, but there are so many exceptions to the rules the author gives that it hardly seems worth learning them: ecommons.luc.edu/cgi/…
Feb 9, 2022 03:45
@Cerberus Latin, I haven't studied Greek grammar at all yet. I feel like a bunch of Latin verb inflections are just miscellaneous vowels with -r-'s and -s-'s sprinkled in
Feb 9, 2022 03:44
Well, I feel like I have noun/adjective endings pretty much mastered by now anyway. I keep procratinating verb morphology because it's so much bigger and feels more boring