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Anonymous
03:00
They do in fact use the word irrealis for were
(Yay! to himself. :-)
Anonymous
But the name is secondary to the idea that ① it's not a past form of the be form
@snailboat But @snail s don't like them, right?
Anonymous
So we should not arrange these unrelated constructions as 'present subjunctive' and 'past subjunctive'
Anonymous
@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M I don't understand what you just said
03:01
Better?
I remember that CGEL mentions mandative too.
Anonymous
And that ② there is no system of inflectional forms used specifically to indicate modality in English
Oh, btw...
Good August!
Good answer!
. . . badge coming after an upvote.
Anonymous
So instead of saying be is a subjunctive mood verb form in this construction
Anonymous
03:02
(Which involves positing an entire mood simply for one verb which has no forms specific to that mood, like every other verb)
Anonymous
They say that the plain form be appears in a 'subjunctive construction'
I mention August, because I think it's time I bought CGEL!
Anonymous
Likewise, there is an 'imperative construction', but no imperative mood
Oh, it's your anniversary @Dam.
Anonymous
And yes, the mandative construction contains a subjunctive content clause
Anonymous
03:03
> It is important [that she be told].
@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Sleep tight!
Anonymous
To use CGEL's terms.
@DamkerngT. Huh?
Anonymous
He has to go to school now.
Anonymous
03:04
Hopefully he won't be sleeping during classes :-)
@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Oh! I thought he was going to go to bed. :D
Hopefully!
BTW, I think this is our HNQ at the moment.
7
Q: Is my use of "naive" correct?

AhmadSometimes I may use "naive" in sentences like I am naive in writing this type of articles To say "inexperienced" I would like to know how common this word is among natives, or in which situations they use it (through some examples please).

Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Everyone saw the words "I'm downvoting" and thought "Aw! I'd better upvote"
That's quite possible!
Anonymous
I'm pretty sure his downvote was the first vote!
>
In My Giant Life, viewers step into the shoes of women who are seemingly too tall and lofty for the average-sized world, standing at six feet six inches and above. They are faced with challenges every day - some because their extreme height makes performing seemingly mundane tasks like loading the dishwasher and getting into a car extremely difficult and others because the eyes of society are not as friendly to women of their stature. As a young lady that is a foot taller than the average female, life is anything but easy! From dating difficulties to simply going to the grocery store with
Anonymous
03:15
I met a girl that tall once.
They look really tall!
Anonymous
Yes! She was also very thin.
Anonymous
I'm pretty tall, but, y'know, not that tall.
Anonymous
I'm like 5'10" (178cm).
I think the page says she's 6'9!
Anonymous
03:17
That makes me stand out as fairly tall in general, and in Japan it makes me even taller, relatively speaking . . .
Anonymous
I can't imagine being that tall.
@snailboat Ah, I'm sure you would!
Anonymous
I was talking to my housemate the other day.
I'm not sure if you know Kitaro the manga.
Anonymous
And she said "You're what, 6'3?"
Anonymous
03:18
I'm 5'10, so, well, why do people think I'm 6'3?? :-)
Because they are smaller than you. :D
Anonymous
My father is that tall.
Anonymous
I think I got tallness from him.
Anonymous
My mom is under 5'.
Anonymous
She used to be like 5'1, but she shrank. Now she's maybe 4'11.
03:19
Oh! That's a bit small even over here.
Anonymous
Yeah, it's funny that someone as tall as my dad and as short as my mom got together :-)
Anonymous
Oops, I was going to say mother and father but then I reverted to mom and dad.
Eh? Aren't they the same?
Anonymous
Well, mom and dad are a little more informal.
Anonymous
I guess they're the only ones that work when I'm saying things like "She used to be like 5'1"
03:21
Ahh
Anonymous
By the way, make sure you don't mix up subjective and subjunctive
Anonymous
> subjective ⇔ objective
> indicative ⇔ subjunctive ⇔ imperative
I mixed them up a few times! Perhaps more than a few times!
Anonymous
It's really common.
Anonymous
In the U.S., the average female adult is 5'4, and in Japan, the average is 5'2
Anonymous
03:23
According to Wikipedia:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…
Oh, I thought it would be above 5'4 in the US.
Hey, I'm a little above the average by the local standard. :P
Anonymous
Well, I feel like average is 5'7.
Anonymous
That appears to be factually incorrect, but it sounds like an average female height to me. :-)
Anonymous
That might be because I'm taller than it, and people who are 5'4 seem short.
You still are a couple inches taller than me, though. :-)
Anonymous
03:26
I would rather be littler.
Anonymous
It says 5'5 is average for white females
Anonymous
in the US
Anonymous
The 6'6" girl I met was in Arizona, and she was a waitress
Anonymous
03:29
I don't actually know how tall she was―very tall, way taller than me, but I'm bad at estimating sizes
I'm not sure how tall she is or was. But the dorama (or more correctly asadora) GeGeGe no Nyōbō (ゲゲゲの女房) had an episode that described her tough life because of her being tall.
@snailboat I guess many tall people would be really great at sports, like basketball or volleyball.
Anonymous
I used to play volleyball! :-)
Nice!
I'm not very good at volleyball.
Anonymous
Me either.
Oh, but you like to play volleyball, I think. :D
Anonymous
03:31
Well, I'm not good at most stuff I do, but I try to do things I enjoy :-)
That's good enough, and probably the most important thing. :D
Anonymous
Ooh, from that article
Anonymous
> This was his road to penury
Anonymous
Word of the day!
But what article?
Oh, I see.
Yes, they had a tough life.
But they never gave up.
> Nunoe didn’t understand why Shigeru drew what he did, but he put his soul in his drawings, and admiration blossomed in her heart…
:-)
In one episode, they depicted one night of the first few nights after Nunoe moved to Shigeru's house, and everything looked very scary! :-)
Anonymous
I just read the article while we were chatting :-)
The My Giant Life reminds me of the asodara, because she was rejected before with the simple reason: too tall.
But I have no idea how tall was too tall in that period of time.
GeGeGe no Nyōbō (ゲゲゲの女房) is one of the best asodara I've ever watched, BTW.
It's even inspiring.
Hmm... another interesting sentence:
> Worse, a publisher who’d owed Shigeru 200,000 yen went belly up. Shigeru made the rounds, but nobody would print him.
The author wrote print him instead of print his work.
Anonymous
03:51
asa 'morning' + dora 'drama'
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Yes! Interesting. Not a mistake
Oh! That's really interesting!
"a publisher who’d owed Shigeru 200,000 yen went belly up." -- I remember that episode.
Actually, it was similar to one job I had had. :-)
Hmm... how much was it... 400k baht.
About 11400 USD.
The job was done. I delivered my code. The next day the hirer told me that his company had just been taken over!
Funny, but true!
The new company kindly informed me, "According to our conditions of the takeover, the contract between him and you are not part of the deal. You have to settle this up with him yourself."
But him (the hirer) plainly said to me that, "That's not true. It's part of the new company. You have to get your money from them, not me."
I was tossed back and forth a few times before I gave up, and moved on to another project.
I think anyone having worked long enough would run into something like this sooner or later. :D
04:12
Another interesting choice:
> The author extends his appreciation to Nunoe and Shigeru for their permission to adapt Nunoe’s autobiography for this article.
Oh, actually it's the normal choice: Nunoe before Shigeru.
04:48
7
A: Is my use of "naive" correct?

TRomanoNaiveté is a result of inexperience; it is not inexperience per se. To be naive is to not know that one's knowledge and experience are insufficient in a given context. Therefore, it is impossible to say "I am naive". One can only say "I was naive." But one can say "I am inexperienced".

@Dan Henderson: True. By "we can't say that we are naive" I mean "we can't assert that we are naive". If we know that we do not know, we are not "naive" but something else. Socratically wise, perhaps. We can certainly wonder or question or express doubt about whether we're not seeing something that greater knowledge and experience would allow us to see for what it is. "Maybe I'm just being naive..." is an expression of such doubt. — TRomano 11 hours ago
That's weird.
Or else it's just that I'm so naive to think that we can say I'm naive.
Anonymous
@snailboat - the copula is not really transitive or intransitive. Our grammar treats it rather interchangeably. In modern speech, it is clearly transitive ("The clown you saw at the costume party was me") - but in archaic speech it is indeed treated as intransitive. — akedrou 5 mins ago
Anonymous
I can see why someone unfamiliar with transitivity might say this.
Anonymous
But they could always pick up a book on grammar if they wanted to read about this stuff.
Anonymous
What reasons could we have to say be isn't transitive?
Anonymous
Well, be certainly takes complements.
Anonymous
04:57
Akedrou's example shows that much: "was me"
Anonymous
But that's probably not why they gave that example.
Anonymous
They probably wanted to show the difference in case between me and I: "was I" versus "was me"
Anonymous
Which is irrelevant.
Anonymous
Whether it's was I or was me, if it's an object, we should be able to passivize it.
Anonymous
We can't, though.
Anonymous
04:58
So what might it be, if not an object?
Anonymous
Our first hint is that it can be an adjective. Objects can't be adjectives.
Anonymous
Objects are generally noun phrases.
Anonymous
We can find a certain range of complementation that includes both noun phrases and adjectives, including bare role noun phrases, with verbs like become and be
Anonymous
These don't behave syntactically like objects, and they're generally semantically different as well
Anonymous
In CGEL, these are called "predicative complements".
05:01
@snailboat I guess that's what they meant by "but in archaic speech it is indeed treated as intransitive". -- If it's "was I", it's intransitive, but if it's "was me", it's transitive.
Anonymous
@DamkerngT. Yes, that is the best interpretation I can come up with.
They're confusing form with function, I think.
Anonymous
If you were going to speak in formal English, you would expect that the case of both "him" and "I" match... Not sure why you're saying that it should be "It should be him, not I" — akedrou 10 mins ago
Anonymous
My answer isn't really very good overall. Maybe I'll edit it tomorrow.
Perhaps tossing this back to them may make them think, "Me and my sister went to the party last night."
But they could take it the wrong way.
Anonymous
05:10
Well, I can't teach them enough grammar in the space of a comment to make any of this make sense.
One problem I see many users have got is that sometimes they make an assertion too soon. They think of some examples, then generalize the rule, but they didn't really think it through, so their assertions may not be as good as they think because they rushed it, and it wasn't ready.
Anonymous
One important fact: English is not Latin.
Totally agree!
Anonymous
Just because Latin predicative complements have the same case as the subjects they predicate on doesn't mean the same must be true for English.
Anonymous
A-ha! I know.
Anonymous
05:13
The first two chapters of CGEL are available free online.
Anonymous
This is described as an example of a mistake in the introduction.
Oh! Right!
A-ha! In the first two chapters?
Anonymous
Well, start on page 8.
Oh, in CGEL, grammar is countable, too!
Anonymous
05:16
Well, grammar is countable when used in a certain meaning.
Anonymous
CGEL is a grammar.
Anonymous
Quirk et al 1985 is also a grammar, but a different one.
Anonymous
They're both grammars of Standard English.
I thought it only worked in my ideolect. :P
Anonymous
In this sense, grammar is countable.
Anonymous
05:17
In this context, a grammar is a book (generally speaking) that lays out the grammatical principles that describe a language.
I thought of my "a grammar" as a set of rules of complete grammar.
Anonymous
Grammars also exist in a computer science context, and these are countable too, as in a context-free grammar
Oh, yes.
 
2 hours later…
06:53
Note to self: It could be useful to mend the sense of the experiential use of the present perfect with focus on the result. -- Think of the result, use the present perfect. Think of the event, use the simple present.
Anonymous
Yes, the present perfect always expresses some sort of current state
Anonymous
> I've been to Paris. ← My current state includes the experience of going to Paris (and presumably leaving) at some point in the past, possibly more than once.
Ah, it should've been written Think of the event (in the past), use the simple past.
Sometimes I think of one thing and type anther thing.
Anonymous
Ah :-)
Anonymous
Do you want me to edit it?
06:58
It's okay. I think it's easy to see the error. But I'd be grateful if you edited it. :-)
Anonymous
So in "I've been to Paris", an experiential perfect, the state expressed results from the event in the past.
Anonymous
But it's a present state.
Anonymous
I honestly always found the "relevance to the present" explanation very confusing, even though I can't say it's inaccurate
Anonymous
I have trouble getting a clear picture of when the perfect is used or what it means when it's described that way.
07:00
nods -- I'm reviewing the present perfect and someone wrote that one use is for "a finished action with a result in the present", which is confusing, I think.
Though it's more or less correct.
It doesn't explain why we use:
> She's hurt her leg.
But not:
> *She's hurt her leg yesterday.
I think this is common for many grammar books.
The explanation pattern is usually something like:
> X can be used for A, B, C.
Which is fine.
But if the learner continues reading soon they may find this in a later chapter:
> Y can be used for B, D, E, and F.
No wonder why the learner can't decide when to use X and when to use Y when the situation is B.
Other kind of problem is when a learner stop reading before they get to the later chapter, so they know only:
> X can be used for A, B, and C.
Chances are, the learner will think that when they the situation is B, they must use X.
And anyone who uses Y is wrong.
This is probably the most common root of all problems in many learners.
The real explanation in a textbook could be even worse, because they don't make it clear about "X can be used for ..."
Sometimes, we may find this in a book:
> "We use the present perfect for A, B, and C."
This is unclear.
(Though it's perfectly true and correct.)
Technically, "We use the present perfect for A, B, and C." is not the same as "We can use the present perfect for A, B, and C."
I think I'd prefer something like:
"We use the present perfect for A, B, and C. This is by no means to say that the present perfect is the only possible choice for A, B, and C."
And then the book elaborates. :-)
I think we can come up with a better set of rules that allows us to say:
"We use the present perfect for A1, A4, B2, B3, and C2, C3, C4, C7."
But it'll be very complicated.
Though being very specific may allow us to map use cases to grammar rules one-to-one.
^Oh, that's actually important. Use cases should come first, not grammar rules.
Note to self: The difference between 'He's been to Paris' and 'He's gone to Paris' should be obvious to the student if we take care of the experiential sense well enough. They should realize by themselves (though may need to be reminded or even pointed out) that when people have two choices 'be' and 'go', they would normally use the choices for different subtle meanings (i.e. one sense will block the other), and that's why 'have been to' and 'have gone to' mean what they mean.
My advice (I'm a non-native speaker): Don't bother to ask why. Just keep aligning the words with their senses in your mind until their senses are natural to you. Give special care to the uses that surprise you (because they interfere with your first language). The concept of abstract vs. concrete nouns may be helpful. — Damkerng T. 20 secs ago
0
Q: What is the difference between 'Inaugurated' and 'launched'?

user31782We usually say, Windows 10 has been launched. Why can't we say, Windows 10 has been inaugurated. Question 1: If we can, then why are there two different words for exactly the same thing. In other words why do exact synonyms exist? Question 2: If we can't then what is the differ...

On second thought, I think Windows 10 has been inaugurated is probably okay. It's okay. It's just odd.
On swimming a lot
It's not really about swimming. It's about how to become good at something.
I think everyone must have heard this kind of advice: just keep doing it, you will get better.
I think it's more or less true.
But not necessarily efficient.
This is practically the same in almost every developmental skill.
In swimming, you need to swim a lot to become good at it.
You want to be very good at playing the violin? You sure need to play it a lot.
You want to be a good dancer. Don't just sit around!
it's the same in language learning, we have to practice. A lot!
But is "a lot" enough?
For some people, they seem to be gifted at what they do. Some could swim like a fish. Some could play the violin like Vivaldi. Some could dance like Michael Jackson. Some could run just like wind.
They're so natural at what they do.
Unfortunately, not every one of us can do it as easily as they can.
For some people, they can still barely swim even after swimming for a decade.
For some people, their moves aren't qualified as dancing, no matter how hard they try.
For some people, playing tennis years after years doesn't make them even qualified a Wimbledon.
(That's perhaps true for most of us, by the way.)
And for many of us learners, learning a second language years after years could be very frustrating because it could feel like we don't get anywhere.
We still can't read right, listen right, write right, or even speak right!
Let's think about it more carefully.
Can we make an Olympiad swimming by just having him or her swim a lot?
Is just swimming a lot enough?
(to be continued, probably elsewhere ;-)
^*we could feel like we don't go anywhere; *swimmer
(BTW, I just did something funny. I bought a book I already have as a paperback but this time it's a Kindle edition, because I want to read it and listen to it (via TTS) on Kindle!)
And I'm going to buy CGEL this month!
08:27
I'm back! (OH NO)
 
1 hour later…
09:31
> DAMKERNG -- DID YOU KNOW?

You are one of very few users of the BYU corpora who have used the corpora more than 30 times in the past six months, but who hasn't yet contributed to help support the corpora.
COCA just told me that!
They sure love you.'=
In ALL-CAPS, even!
Hey, if everyone becomes a contributor, who's the happy costumer then?
@Dam for the record, my meta.SE answer now sits at +31.
Congrats!
Yay! My best answers on chem.SE never got that far.
09:44
1
A: Can we say "Finish your dish"

J.R.The versions with food, meal, cake, and sandwich all sound fine to me. The one with dish sounds peculiar – unless you are talking to a chef who is preparing a dish: Please finish your dish, so I can use the stove. This is one of those ELL questions that makes me marvel at our confusing lan...

An example of blocking!
Though I think some people might say that when the occasion calls for it.
> Well, not -- not yet you're not. I'm going to finish the dish, all right? Geez, whose show is this?
Reading that text a little further, I'm convinced that it's just another example of "finish the dish" meaning "finish give he finishing touches to the dish".
10:05
*s/"finish give he finishing touches to the dish"/"give the finishing touches to the dish"/
 
2 hours later…
12:01
More and more sci-fi series use the term synth to refer to an android.
I don't know who set this trend.
 
3 hours later…
15:21
This site is currently in read-only mode; we’ll return with full functionality soon. Follow @StackStatus or visit our status blog for more info.
16:15
For later: Labels and types. -- the variable X, set A, the '/etc/hosts' file, the file '/etc/hosts', the color red, red colors, and such.
Also:
Thank you, that was very helpful, then the color of red or the color red ? — Ahmad 3 hours ago
(Though it's not used very often, 'the color of "Red"' is definitely possible.)
17:07
0
Q: Any difference between "school-aged" and "school-age"?

nimaI am wondering which one is correct: school-aged children school-age children

Interesting!
Maybe "school-aged children" was popularized by WHO!
(Almost all search results on the same page returned by Google are related to HBSC.)
0
Q: Help with an article

AnkitI am trying to improve my English writing skill. I started off with writing about a documentary I watched today. Please review it and let me know what I would have done to make this write stronger. I tried reviewing my writing and noticed few places to improve. In this writing, bold words indica...

Ahh... they were looking for words.
It would've been better if the grammar hadn't been overlooked.
 
1 hour later…
18:41
> This is a story about a man named Harold Crick... and his wristwatch.
>
Harold Crick was a man of infinite numbers, endless calculations and remarkably few words. -- And his wristwatch said even less.
>
Every weekday, for nine years, Harold would brush each of his 32 teeth 76 times. 38 times back and forth. 38 times up and down. His wristwatch would simply look on from the nightstand, quietly wishing Harold would use a more colorful toothbrush.
>
Every weekday, for nine years, Harold would tie his tie in a single Windsor knot instead of the double, thereby saving him up to 43 seconds every morning. His wristwatch thought the single Windsor made his neck look fat... but said nothing.
>
Every weekday, for nine years, Harold would run at a rate of nearly 57 steps per block for 6 blocks nearly missing the 8:17 Faraday Bus. His wristwatch would delight in the feeling of the crisp wind rushing over its face.
>
And every weekday, for nine years, Harold would complete 7.134 tax files as a senior auditor for the Internal Revenue Service... only taking a 45.7 minutes lunch break and 4.3 minutes coffee break. Timed precisely by his wristwatch.
>
Beyond that, Harold lived a life of solitude. Harold would walk home alone...
>
He would eat alone...
>
And at precisely 11:13 every night, Harold would go to bed alone, placing his wristwatch to rest on the nightstand beside him.
>
That was, of course, before Wednesday.
>
On Wednesday, Harold's wristwatch changed everything.
> --Stranger Than Fiction (2006), opening scene
Damn.
I love the use of personification.
It grabbed my attention instantly!
Is it a film?
It's curious, delightful, and captivating.
Yes!
Oh, the script was changed a little.
I might watch it at some point :)
Still working on my driver issue though.
18:56
Oh!
I think I'm about 14 files in, got an error I have no idea how to fix.
Ah, are you compiling the driver yourself?
Yeah.
0
Q: Why is my WiFi card unclaimed by drivers in UbuntuMATE?

HarryCBurnThe title says the main issue, my Realtek 802.11n WiFi card isn't being claimed by the drivers from here. I installed led the drivers using the install.sh script given in the decompressed tar.gz. UbuntuMATE is running on a Raspberry Pi 2. *-usb:4 UNCLAIMED description: Generic USB d...

Trying to follow this solution.
Interesting. UbuntuMATE on Raspberry Pi. I don't know which stack is better between Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi.
What do you mean by Stack? The site?
19:06
Yes. SE has a stack for Raspberry Pi, too!
Yup!
I like the Linux&Unix site.
It scares me into wanting to know more.
nods -- I guess both stacks would have people who know how to fix it.
@HarryCBurn Hehe!
Hopefully, but it may not matter. I hope my next attempt goes well.
(I forgot to install the main package ._.)
@DamkerngT. They told so.
19:27
I'll ask this in here, actually... Do we know anyone who speaks Hungarian.
Lemme think . . .
Most Hungarians above the age of three or so do.
;P
@HarryCBurn You know them? O.o
Well, I know of them.
How does it feel like to know a Hungarian?
19:32
Hungrish. < incidentally the worst word ever created.
I said "do we know anyone" not "do we know of anyone".
I have a question out of interest: why is this room still a gallery room?
@Catija I went for the cheap joke, alright? ;P
@HarryCBurn Because @Dam is an artist.
@HarryCBurn Because we want to feel elite and special... and we want the other people to feel left out, like I did before I was added to the list.
@Catija ;)
But really, there's not much point in this being a gallery room.
19:40
@HarryCBurn Everyone can think all they want.
@DamkerngT. What do you mean?
In my humble opinion, this room should be kept being a gallery room, for several reasons.
Well, for one thing, I forked this room out because I wanted to move my personal thoughts out of the main room. If you read the log, you will see that lots of it isn't really about ELL.
And when it's about ELL, it's mostly about my reflections.
I guess that makes sense to do.
I'd post about ELL questions in the main room when the question would be benefits from our collaboration.
I also want it to be conflict-free.
I love argumentation, but it should be objective.
As I wrote in the first few messages of the room.
As usual, you make a good argument :)
I agree, yeah.
19:47
And because SE chat room owners can't really do much about their rooms, I adopt a review-first strategy, rather than a fix-it-after one.
I think I made this room at my lowest low of the other room. I mean, I didn't feel like chatting there wasn't as fun as it was, so I decided to move on.
Basically, this is my 2nd stage.
It's a half-blog half-chat thing. (It's a chblog!)
I don't think of this room as anything special in the sense that it's better than other rooms. I'm sure that there are lots of other rooms with way cooler people hanging out in there.
To me, it's supposed to be a place where I can feel comfortable to be me and myself. ;-)
No one's cooler than me.
@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Judging from your SE rep, you're quite cool!
Me? So-so. 'Cause I don't care much about my rep.
BTW weirdest thing happened.
I rep-capped with 190 rep..
19:55
Shouldn't it be 200 (or 400? Not sure.)
My meta.SE answer is standing at +40.
@DamkerngT. It should be. Hmm . . . I understand now.
They're making me sleep!
@Dam I GTG.
I'll sleep loose.
Oh! Sleep tight!
Sleep for yesterday too!
@inɒzɘmɒЯ.A.M Perhaps something about the two downvotes? But that'd only be -4.

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