@Mutoh "Let's imagine a scenario where we can't rely on inferences." Why? What's the point in trying to imagine such inferences? "Suppose we meet a lone alien." Okay, so basically the alien makes a claim, which means for some reason the alien finds the will and motivation to make said claim; OTOH, this same alien who has enough will and motivation to make that claim to us doesn't want to demonstrate it. That itself is a bit suspicious. I'm not really sure what the point is though...

"Claims of supernatural powers, alternative medicine or that a teapot is orbiting the sun right now aren't the same as religious belief." Well, sure, those are different things. But their being different doesn't justify the premise that I'm challenging.

These limitations on what science can show have nothing to do with whether a thing is supernatural or not; in fact, even being physical doesn't necessarily make something scientifically addressable

We may never know if string theory or MWI is true, or if black holes have firewalls or what dark matter is exactly.

It could just be that this is beyond us because we cannot measure the effects sufficiently to give us information to satisfy us