For example, for a randomly generated password of 28 lowercase letters, which is about 128 bits of entropy, how would adding a space after every four characters affect it?
ijaxjnddkcswzovcrpbnqqiwaqyb
ijax jndd kcsw zovc rpbn qqiw aqyb
Poly1305 uses $r, r^2, r^3$ and $r^4$. I understand this if $r$ is a generator of the finite field. But since $r$ can be any random non-zero number, won't its exponents be non-uniform distributed? That is, even if $r$ is chosen with uniform random over the field, $r^4$ is not uniform over the f...
Poly1305 uses $r, r^2, r^3$ and $r^4$. I understand this if $r$ is a generator of the finite field. But since $r$ can be any random non-zero number, won't its exponents be non-uniform distributed? That is, even if $r$ is chosen with uniform random over the field, $r^4$ is not uniform over the f...
The Side Channel
The Side Channel