Suppose a $3 \times 3$ real matrix $A$ is not similar to any upper-triangular matrix on the real field $\mathbb{R}$, that is, there is no $3 \times 3$ invertible real matrix $P$, such that $P^{-1}AP$ is an upper-triangular matrix. Prove that $A$ is similar to a diagonal matrix on the complex...
Apologies if I am just having a mental block and missing something very obvious. Here is a conjecture that I think is obviously true, and yet I cannot prove it: Let $X_1, X_2, \ldots, X_n, Y, Z$ be mutually independent, real-valued, non-constant random variables. (They need not be identically ...
I need to find the following limit: $$\lim_{(x,y) \rightarrow (0,0)} \frac{\cos(xy) -1}{x^2 y^2}$$ I did the following: Let $f(x) = \dfrac{\cos(x)-1}{x^2}$ and $g(x,y) = xy$. Then we would have $$\lim_{(x,y) \rightarrow (0,0)} \frac{\cos(xy) -1}{x^2 y^2} = \frac{\cos(\lim_{(x,y) \rightarrow ...
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