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12:00 AM
@KarlKronenfeld I always worry well in advance.
 
This is true, just that apparently a bunch of places have already started sending out a bunch of answers
Chicago, Harvard, Yale, UCLA, OSU
 
good thing i didn't apply to any of those places haha.
 
hi Dair
 
Hi @TedShifrin
 
12:01 AM
I applied to Chicago, Harvard (both of which I'm counting as lottery), did apply to UCLA so that's actually messing with my head a bit
Anyway trying to get a bit of math done to hopefully distract myself
 
I think the internet makes you spend way too much time thinking about this. In the old days of snail mail and telephone calls, it wasn't so stressful.
 
It's that constant social interaction
also, you're at a pretty elite place (@Daminark). I've been to a lot of places now, and there is always a lot of worry at the elite places compared to other places.
it's kind of like when my social life declines I sometimes feel a little more relaxed because I'm not surrounded by constant worrying lol.
but then the flip side is your social life declines rip.
 
Yeah that's pretty fair I guess
 
Well, at my age, life in general declines :P
 
I've luckily unbookmarked gradcafe
At Mike's suggestion a couple days ago
 
12:08 AM
lol gradcafe
 
And my cardiovascular health has shot up enormously since then
 
It's not really statistically significant information.
 
meaning your blood pressure has shot down?
 
Possibly. I mean I haven't actually been taking tests but very soon after I finished classes at one point I went to have crowns done and right before that I was given some blood pressure test and the result was a bit high
 
Daminark's heart grew 3 sizes that day...
 
12:10 AM
Things like dentists and crowns tend to shoot BP up anyhow.
 
It cooled down since then so we were like yeah probably sleep deprivation + stress
 
@Daminark Do you run?
 
Nope, tbh I haven't really been exercising or eating particularly well and I should change that
 
nods vigorously
 
you should be getting some cardio in particular.
which is why i mention running.
 
12:12 AM
or cycling
 
live somewhere hilly
 
lol. go bicycling at berkeley.
 
my city is very very hilly lol
 
crazy hilly there.
 
I grew up in the Berkeley hills, Dair. Three-speed bicycle.
When I was a grad student living in the flats, i had a ten-speed. :P
 
12:14 AM
lol. when I was at berkeley I just drank coffee.
 
looks to see if it's martini-time yet
 
in fact, I still pretty much just drink coffee.
and i'm still exhausted all the time.
 
Probably should cut down to two cups a day.
 
how is that possible?
 
@TedShifrin I probably should lol, it has made me crazy anxious lately.
also my hands sweat like friggin crazy.
 
12:17 AM
Yeah, cut down.
 
went top roping and used my chalk bag like 4 times on the route, my hands didn't have any chalk when i was done with the route.
i probably should get going, i need to do a lot more work today. :/
 
12:55 AM
@TedShifrin late hello
 
LOL, I forgot I was still logged in.
 
i wasnt around when my icon mustve popped up but i am now lol
read your email, will give it thought
 
OK ... I'm far from current info. But you need to pay attention to being where you'll be somewhat comfortable and unstressed.
Somewhat.
 
yeah im also gonna talk to André about it
 
My great student who went to MIT has now taken leave of absence, having been very unhappy there.
 
12:58 AM
oof
that's a shame
 
Things to take into account.
 
Yikes
 
Sometimes it's better to be at a more supportive, less stridently competitive place, depending on one's state of mind, etc. Complicated issues.
 
@TedShifrin yeah these guys expect 4 years and that was scaring me
 
Used to be 3 in my day.
 
1:01 AM
i guess math has embiggened
 
On the other hand, you've taken most first-year grad courses and some second-.
 
Is this a place in NJ? If so yeah that expectation + lack of classes + general reputation of being unfriendly made me decide not to apply
You may be better equipped there though
 
@TedShifrin also I hear Fernando is a great guy and well connected in the lusophone/hispanophone math community, which could be v v v big for me
 
I can't judge that ingredient, of course.
 
ya this is word of Neves and also his students who have been postdocs here
@Daminark ive been tryna be lowkey about it around school and not say stuff to anyone in case it stressed them out more
 
1:06 AM
Yeah that's fair, thanks for that
 
@Daminark did u see my question on fb btw
 
Lemme check
 
I guess that means the answer is No.
 
Okay so, I don't know exactly when he plans on doing it, but last class we already defined the degree of a map, for example, so my preliminary guess is that we're probably gonna be at Morse theory by 4th or 5th week
 
1:14 AM
hmmk
 
Someone just upvoted one of my Morse theory answers.
 
maybe ill drop by if i have the urge
@TedShifrin what a coinkidink
 
Indeed.
 
It seems right now the progression of the class is: Basics of manifolds and technical stuff -> degree and transversality (we're there right now) -> Morse theory -> De Rham cohomology -> Lusternik-Schnirelmann and/or characteristic classes if we have time
 
ohhh cool ending
 
1:18 AM
Yeah I'm looking forward to the stuff
 
does it continue a second quarter?
 
Third quarter is differential geometry
First quarter was algebraic topology
 
it's the alg top - diff top - riem geo
 
pretty much need some diff geo to do characteristic classes with forms.
 
a lot of the time the diff top course does some diff geo
 
1:19 AM
I dunno what he has in mind.
yeah, but you need connections and curvature ... not just a day.
I have taught that stuff a lot.
It's even in my notes I sent you, Eric.
 
ya i have no idea what he would do
/how he would run it
 
mumbles divisors and Chern classes :D
 
:( I just havent had a ton of time to be around here/prob wont for a while
 
I've heard there's a more AT-ish way to approach characteristic classes? Based on this + he is doing cohomology, we may do that stuff, though I don't exactly know what Neves has in mind
 
finishing degree stuff has been taxing
 
1:21 AM
Yeah, you can do it with AT ... but that requires a lot of background too.
Obstruction theory.
Or Milnor's approach (which I don't like) through axioms and Stiefel-Whitney classes.
Eric: Taxes aren't due until April.
 
milnors book i havent tried v hard to read but i fell asleep when i last opened it
@TedShifrin lol
 
I never liked that book of Milnor's. I had two copies and gave both away.
 
@Ted I may be heading to Lisbon in the future-ish
to eat
 
Oh, I'm cooking Portuguese in a week.
I told you I'd do this.
 
1:26 AM
Alentejana.
Finally scheduled it. I'll ask you if I have questions :)
 
great stuff
 
One recipe has Portuguese chorizo in it (plus pork shoulder plus clams), the other doesn't have chorizo. I'm inclined to use chorizo, though. What do you think?
 
the couple of times ive had it's had chouriço
 
Sorry – my spelling was Spanish in error. :)
OK, I think I have found a place I can get that.
Need to check this week.
 
ya it's gud stuff
 
1:30 AM
Of course, my stomach will be a mess with this dish ... sadly, acid reflux has gotten worse.
 
this kind of food messes me up and im spry
 
oh dear :(
Tomato + spices will mess me up
Gotta leave. Chat soon!
 
tchau tchau
 
See you
 
1:50 AM
Back for a bit.
 
@Ted!
 
hi Leaky
 
ich will nur dir gedanken fur deine Lekturen von Stokes theorem
 
That sounds like word-for-word translation. Let's stick to English.
Did you actually give in and watch some? :P
 
yes :P
 
1:57 AM
Actually, you might find some of the 4-D examples interesting.
 
I proved by myself that the area of the sphere is $4\pi r^2$ and I was amazed
and my friend said "I'm amazed that you're amazed"
 
LOL ... by writing down the area 2-form for the sphere?
 
right
aka the orientation 2-form
 
and taking $d$ of it and doing the triple integral?
 
right
 
2:00 AM
Gotcha.
I'm proud of you for getting over your usual snobbery and doing some explicit computations. Lots more in my various lectures :P
 
I haven't watched your lecture dedicated to examples yet
I watched your lectures before and after
i.e. the statement and the proof
 
Gotcha.
 
so is there flux over a mobius band? :P
 
Glad it was of some slight interest even to you.
 
even? :P
 
2:02 AM
Yeah, my math style doesn't fit yours :)
 
what are you talking about, you explain things so clearly
I was amazed that you have a klein bottle :P
well a certain projection thereof
 
I still have that :P
Right ;)
so what do you think about flux across a Möbius band?
 
I guess locally you can still have flux
 
Sure. On all but a line segment, in fact.
But does it make global sense?
 
I would first need to know... what flux is :P
 
2:05 AM
Well, to make sense of it you need a global orientation — outward-pointing unit normal.
 
so it's things like whether a light bulb will turn on if you drop a battery through a copper mobius strip?
 
Um ...
No.
You'd want to find the flux of the electric field across the Möbius strip.
 
Anyone interested in langtons ant cellular automata ?
 
You're thinking electromagnetic induction. Rate of change of flux with respect to time.
 
how do I measure flux then
 
2:07 AM
Where is @semiclassic when we need him?
I don't know how to measure it. I know how to compute it. That's a good question.
 
I guess I should cut open the mobius strip to make it orientable and then see what happens to the edges?
 
That's a great beginning.
 
i.e. use a parameterization nonetheless
 
Sure.
I don't think I wrote down the standard parametrization in lecture, but it's in my book :)
 
((r+t)cos(θ),(r+t)sin(θ),t), -2π<=θ,=π, -1<=r<=1
does this work?
 
2:15 AM
No, you need some $\theta/2$ in there to flip the normal as you go across.
I dunno what your t is.
 
it's the distance away from the base space (i.e. S^1) of the mobius strip (viewed as a bundle)
 
You can't have more than $2$ variables.
 
oops
 
But think of it that way. Parametrize the unit circle, and then make the unit normal make a $180º$ rotation as you go around, then use your $t$ variable.
 
((r+tcos(θ/2))cos(θ), (r+tcos(θ/2))sin(θ),tsin(θ/2)), -π<=θ<=π, -1<=t<=1
I don't think this makes sense
 
2:18 AM
So can we just get rid of $r$ and have it be $1$?
 
yes
or maybe 10 to be safe
 
LOL, OK.
That's pretty much the one I used, except I swapped sin and cos of $\theta/2$. I guess we should think about whether that matters.
 
I just thought θ/2 doesn't vary continuously
oh!! that's the point
yeah no never mind what am I doing
now I just need to... compute some flux
 
LOL
Well, there's no question you can compute something with that parameterization. The question is what it means. You mentioned the stuff on the remaining line segments ...
 
Leaky stop
Don't let me be the last one here who's weak at multivariable calculus
 
2:25 AM
Demonark?
Oh.
shames Demonark multiple times
 
I mean maybe I'll compute the "surface integral" of say dx wedge dy
 
so that would be the flux of the vector field $(0,0,1)$ ... if that makes sense.
 
nah that will just be zero won't it
 
I don't think it's 0.
 
:o
 
2:29 AM
@TedShifrin I'm mostly done
I'll submit to arXiv after about a week more of editing
 
With the 500-page paper?
Wow. Cool!
 
@MikeMiller wow you're publishing a paper! congratulations!
 
It's his to-this-point magnum opus!
 
2/5 of that, but yes
i'm not publishing anything, just posting a preprint to the arxiv
 
2:31 AM
I've no idea how people manage to write things that long
 
me neither
 
LOL ... I have a (joint) paper that's ridiculously long. I'd have to check.
 
Congrats!
 
@TedShifrin idk that might be the battery dropping through it? you said it's rate of change of flux so maybe integrate it afterwads?
 
Well, nowhere near 200 pages. Publications are never that unless you're a Fields medalist.
I didn't drop any batteries, Leaky.
 
2:32 AM
I mean if I take the flux of (0,0,1)
 
The way I visualize that is measuring how much fluid flows across the surface, when $\vec F$ is density times velocity of the fluid.
(You can see that in an earlier lecture.)
 
aha
I don't see how we can't measure fluid flowing across a surface...
if you drag a mobius strip in a water surely you'll feel some resistance?
 
But how does the Möbius strip know which way it's (not) oriented?
 
why does it need to be oriented to feel water resistance?
 
Keep the surface fixed. Which way is the water flowing? left-to-right or right-to-left ... to decide a sign on the flux, you need to assign a direction for the outward-pointing normal.
 
2:36 AM
it's flowing upward
 
But is that upward to the Möbius strip?
 
the flatter area of the mobius strip is feeling a lot of resistance while the straight area just lets the water pass
 
You only can make sense of a sign on flux if you have an orientation. You can sense the presence of non-zero flux, I suppose, but you can't decide if it's positive or negative.
 
((1+tcos(θ/2))cos(θ), (1+tcos(θ/2))sin(θ), tsin(θ/2))
$\displaystyle \int_{\theta=-\pi}^\pi \int_{-0.5}^{0.5} t\sin(\theta/2) \ \mathrm dt \ \mathrm d\theta = 0$... :P
ok the water resistance is taking absolute but here the slanted areas "cancel" each other
 
So, you're talking about the mobius strip as an object in a larger space, instead of talking about it as a space itself?
 
2:40 AM
maybe try integrating $\sin(\theta/2) \ \mathrm dx \land \mathrm dy$
 
That makes no sense.
You can't mix intrinsic and extrinsic variables.
 
sorry
 
@Rithaniel: We're talking about it as it sits in 3-space. We have a force field in 3-space and want its flux.
 
how about $z \ \mathrm dx \land \mathrm dy$
 
The question is: Does that actually make sense (physically or mathematically)?
You can do that, @Leaky, sure.
 
2:42 AM
then I'll get something positive for sure
 
Yup.
But what does it mean? :P
 
pi/3
no clue at all
no water can flow like that...
 
There is a Stokes's Theorem for non-orientable manifolds, btw.
 
its divergence is very non-zero
it'd be a white hole :P
 
Are you saying water flow must have zero divergence everywhere? That's silly.
 
2:44 AM
isn't water incompressible
 
You can still have faucets.
And drains.
Sort of like the divergence of the electric field is 0 when you have no charges, but if you have a charge density, you get divergence.
 
oh hell, it's CaptainAmerica.
 
Sounds like you're glad I showed up >:)
 
Ecstatic.
You gonna be like my AoPS calculus students who don't do their homework?
 
2:53 AM
For once, I've actually been working.
 
anyway what does $\displaystyle \int_{M?} z \ \mathrm dx \land \mathrm dy = (\pm?) \frac\pi3$ mean?
 
I'm on question nine: Prove induction from well order
I'm going to use contradiction
 
Wow. asks for certification by a notary
OK, CaptainAmerica.
 
Ha. Ha.
wait, what's a notary
 
google notary public
 
2:56 AM
@Ted do you like Lie algebras?
 
I certainly have used them plenty in geometric contexts.
 
not Lie groups?
 
both
If you want the tangent bundle of $G/H$, it's going to come from Lie algebra stuff.
Plus a group representation, of course.
 
I thought it was going to be a post office. It isn't :P
 
a notary public?
 
3:00 AM
yeah
 
nope
 
@TedShifrin I'm very confused
 
I approve of that.
 
thanks for your approval
 
you're welcome
So you can make sense of flux across a non-orientable surface by choosing an orientation (arbitrarily?) when you remove a set of measure 0. But does Stokes's Theorem make sense when you do so? For example.
 
 
1 hour later…
4:24 AM
it's so quiet here
 
Just posted a question at mathoverflow.net/questions/321355/… if you feel like giving it a go :)
 
4:41 AM
check out that blood moon yall
 
5:13 AM
what on earth is happening, I'm looking through the Lie algebra notes and I see representations of $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ and it looks just like the algebraic representations of $SL_2$
 
5:26 AM
@Leaky Nun Is there a way to prove induction from well order without the use of subsets/proper subsets?
Nevermind, ignore that question.
 
 
3 hours later…
8:59 AM
Hi everyone, I was trying to verify the claims at the end of the page 125 of Hatcher's AT, namely that "(delta_1)^n - (delta_2)^n in the first group corresponds to the cycle (delta_1)^n" part, but I had (delta_1)^n - const. Now, I am trying to show that const is in the boundary and showed it for odd n (namely it's the image of the "upper" const map) but couldn't show it for even n. Can someone help with that sentence from the book and also give me a hint to show that const is always a boundary?
 
9:09 AM
Hey, i'm having trouble in understanding how to approach calculating weak derivative of a function involving multiple absolute values, e.g. f(x)=2|3x-|3x-2||. Where could I find some solved examples?
 
10:00 AM
0
Q: Rudin's functional analysis Theorem 3.18, second part.

user8469759Just a follow up to the following two questions: Rudin's functional analysis 3.18, every originally bounded subset of a locally convex space is weakly bounded. Theorem 3.18, Rudin's functional analysis The second question has almost all the proof, I'm trying to understand the second part. ...

Can anyone please help?
@smihael Use function composition, it would work in the same way as standard calculus
 
 
2 hours later…
12:29 PM
@AkivaWeinberger, I am stuck with this Artin Algebra exercise: Write the matrix $\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\ 3&4\end{pmatrix}$ as a product of elementary matrices, using as few as you can and prove that your expression is as short as possible.
Please help!
 
1:19 PM
Hm well if I subtract three times the first row from the second then we get $\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\0&-2\end{pmatrix}$
which means $\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\3&4\end{pmatrix} =\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\3&1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\0&-2\end{pmatrix}$
 
1:39 PM
@AkivaWeinberger Thank you very much! $\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\ 3&1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\ 0&-2\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\ 0&1\end{pmatrix}$. Is there any $2\times2$ invertible matrix that can't be expressed as product of no less than four elementary matrices?
I am asking this because Artin asks to find least number $n$ such that any invertible 2*2 matrix can be expressed as product of no more than n elementary matrices. And i know n=4 works.
 
It's neat how we can interpret the statement$$\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&-2\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}1&2\\0&1\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}1&2\\0&-2\end{pmatrix}$$in two different ways
If we multiply the second row of (1 2 \\ 0 1) by -2 we get (1 2 \\ 0 -2)
and if we add twice the first column of (1 0 \\ 0 -2) to the second we get (1 2 \\ 0 -2)
(Like, either see the first matrix as a recipe for manipulating the rows of the second, or see the second matrix as a recipe for manipulating the columns of the first)
@Silent I think the same algorithm works. First kill the bottom-left entry
(unless the top-left entry is 0)
(but in that case we can swap the rows)
and then kill the top-right entry and/or turn the bottom-right entry to 1 (depending on your perspective)
 
hi @AkivaWeinberger
 
I need to go now
 
So, you are saying that one more elementary matrix may be needed to swipe roes, hence n=4 seems to be right answer?
 
Not sure
 
1:53 PM
ok, see you later! Thanks for big help.
 
bye
 
2:06 PM
is there an O(1) expression for sum(i = 0, i < n, i++) { x**i }?
(sorry, I don't know how to latex)
if represented in base x, 111... n times ...111. I guess by some definitions this is O(1)
 
@Silent The row swap is instead of the first one, I think
Try $\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\2&3\end{pmatrix}$
 
2:25 PM
Let $V$ be a vector space with $[-,-]$ being an alternating bilinear form. For $x \in V$ let $ad_x(y) = [x,y]$. Then the Jacobi identity says $[ad_x,ad_y] = ad_{[x,y]}$
@loch long time no see!
 
hi @LeakyNun
how's it going?
 
@loch I'm in love with modular representation theory
 
@LeakyNun What does "alternating" mean?
 
@AkivaWeinberger $[a,a]=0$
 
that's great - i know nothing about it so that means i can ask you to tell me about it when i feel like learning about it !
 
2:29 PM
I was gonna ask "isn't that the same as antisymmetric" but then I realized
 
@loch glad to teach you anytime!
@AkivaWeinberger :p
 
iirc it's about representations of finite groups over finite fields (?)
 
So I know what "modular arithmetic" is, but any other use of the word "modular" and I'm lost
 
not finite fields, but fields whose characterisic divide the order of the group
 
ah
 
2:33 PM
in my course they still take algebraic closures
 
Well I mean there's also the sense of "made out of modules"
 
any interesting result you can explain to someone who sucks at rep theory? :p
 
let A be a (non-commutative) algebra over K, if A is semisimple then every module over A is semisimple.
every semisimple module over a p-group and field of char p has trivial action from the group
if N is a normal subgroup of G and V decomposes as V1 + ... + Vn as a KN-module then its factors as a KG-module are of the form g1Vi + g2Vi + ... + gkVi where G/N = {g1N, ..., gkN}
I’ve only done the first problem sheet so don’t expect much from me at this stage
 
haha it's ok
what is V? any k[G] rep? finite dimensional?

when you say factors do you mean in the sense of jordan holder ?
 
yes, but more like V is semisimple so the simple submodules of V
V is any fin-dim KG-module
if char(K)=p then any G rep factors through the largest normal p-subgroup of G, whose existence is an exercise
 
2:53 PM
@LeakyNun hmm that's interesting
it doesn't follow directly from what you said above right
 
no
 
okok
 
@user8469759 thanks
 
 
2 hours later…
4:45 PM
Is R^n / (R^n - x) the discrete space with 2 points? I am having a hard time visualizing it
 
4:56 PM
Whaa
@KonformistLiberal Quotient of topological spaces? You get the Sierpiński space
It's not Hausdorff or even T1
 
@AkI am trying to see why H_k(R^m, R^m-x) iso H(reduced)_(k-1)(R^m-x)
@AkivaWeinberger right, now I see. So I am trying to see why H_k(R^m, R^m-x) iso H(reduced)_(k-1)(R^m-x)
But 0th and 1th homologies are causing problems, I can't see how we can change between reduced and non reduced long exact sequences that easily
Hatcher uses it always, in our lecture, we just examined the maps on the edge cases but I didn't understand my notes
This problem of mine applies to H_i(D^n, boundary(D^n))
 
I forgot how this works
Write out the long exact sequence?
 
I did. This is seemingly incredibly easy but I already spend more than an hour. A hint/explanation would be really great
 
Visually, a cycle in H_m(R^m,R^m-x) is a tetrahedron whose boundary is in R^m-x and that has x in its interior
It's been too long since I did this stuff, sorry
 
5:11 PM
Visually it's clear to me, but couldn't prove it for k= 0,1 - thanks anyways
("clear")
 
5:54 PM
Hi chat!
 
6:04 PM
Hi Lucas
 
6:20 PM
@Ted that was one unfortunate graph.
 
6:42 PM
@KonformistLiberal Maybe what you are looking for is the fact that $H_k(X, Y)$ fits into a long exact sequence in terms of $H_*(X)$ and $H_*(Y)$, but just as well with $\hat H_*(X)$ and $\hat H_*(Y)$, those being reduced homology.
That lets you ignore the degree 0/1 garbage.
You can always get rid of that sort of stuff.
 
6:52 PM
All the line segments in this image are the same length
 
7:15 PM
If you look at each inner-star segment as the side of a parallelogram, it's easy to see the segments are equal, but the illusion is cool.
 
Finally done typing in points, so I can send my grade suggestions to the external evaluator.
 
The angles in those parallelograms are 36-144-36-144 I think
 
7:48 PM
Anyone know how many $\{-1,0,+1\}$ walks of length $n$ visit $m$ integers?
 
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