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01:00 - 21:0021:00 - 00:00

01:09
@Danu: Moreover, any locally free sheaf of rank $r$ is the sheaf of sections of some (holomorphic) vector bundle of rank $r$.
Hi people, I have a relatively simple question that I can't wrap my head around today for some reason. How do you go from $-\pi$ to $\pi$ on the unit circle? I'm refreshing my math and I don't see it explained anywhere
 
3 hours later…
03:47
@Steve what do you mean?
 
2 hours later…
06:07
@TedShifrin that is the preposition I was reading.
Do you have any comment on the Kodaira dimension?
06:31
@Steve You add $2\pi$ which basically means you rotate one revolution around the unit circle and back to where you started
 
1 hour later…
user228700
07:40
Hello everyone :-) I was wondering if any of you know the formula for the sum of the squares of the terms of an A.P as in a²+(a+d)²+(a+2d)²+...+(a+(n-1)d)² where a is the first term of the A.P and d is the common difference..?
user228700
I have derived an expression, but I dunno if it's correct. Can anybody please help?
07:51
@Danu As with most things in life, understand it for curves and surfaces and you will understand it.
user228700
08:22
Actually, never mind the other doubt. @Secret cleared it for me. I have another one. In inequalities involving real numbers, how should I go about trying to find the min/max value of something?
i think you need more context, what kind of inequalities you are having in mind?
user228700
Let me explain; if I have an inequality such as E>a where E is some expression and the only condition on a is given as a is a real non-zero, positive number, how can I find the min. value of E?
user228700
If $a$ were a natural number, then the min. value would be 1 but in this case, $a$ is a real number so..?
user228700
My textbook has given it to be 1 regardless. How is this correct?
Given a is a posiive real number
If E is a function of a, then the starting point is to find points where E(a) is stationary (although if E is not differentiable at some points, such cusps can be minima, those you just have to use the graph of E(a) to find out)
If E is in addition a monotonically increasing function of a, then there is no minimum but only an infimum at a=0 (which because of the inequality, E(a) can only approach arbitrarily close to E(0) as $a\rightarrow 0$
If E is not a function of a, then the smallest possible E can only be given by the expression $\lim_{E\rightarrow a^+}
So if the book said the min is 1 regardless of whether a is natural or real number, then there must be a physical grounds that prevent a from going below 1
user228700
08:34
Wow, okay.
user228700
I guess my book doesn't care about such details sometimes, which is confusing, but alright(They haven't mentioned any such constraint). Thank you!
Note that in general one cannot write a number that is closest to a, because there a an infinite number of real numbers arbitrarily close to a
user228700
@Secret Noted :-)
09:10
Hello!!
We are given $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the metric of the euclidean norm $\| \cdot \|_2$.
How can we check if the following sets are open?
$\mathbb{R}^2$, $\mathbb{R}^2\setminus \{(0,\frac{1}{n})\mid n\in \mathbb{N}\}$

I think that $\mathbb{R}^2$ is open, or not? But how could we justify it?
09:39
@MaryStar what definition are you using for open sets in $\mathbb R^2$?
 
4 hours later…
13:59
Game Theory speaking is it ever wise to listen to threats? threats are only made because of the thought that you will react to them, if you out right discard any threats does that protect you from certain iterative strategies? If so what are the use of threats?
14:48
hi @balarka
 
2 hours later…
16:24
Hi @Semiclassical
What's up
not much.
being pretty lazy today.
me too
you? ah.
anything new math-wise?
16:28
@BalarkaSen Do you know stuff about divisors, hypersurfaces and line bundles?
A bit.
What's the problem?
You know the construction of assigning a line bundle to a divisor?
Okay, and do you know the isomorphism $\operatorname{Div}(X)\cong H^0(X,\mathcal K^*_X/\mathcal O^*_X)$?
What's $\mathcal{K}_X$?
16:30
Sheaf of meromorphic functions
I guess it's not immediately clear to me how to get a divisor from a section of $\mathcal{K}_X^*/\mathcal{O}_X^*$.
Look at the zero set of a meromorphic function or something?
It's not so easy
Can you look at Huybrechts (prop. 2.3.9)?
I don't actually have Huybrechts with me but let me see if I can get a copy.
ok, looking
@Danu Ah I see
Got it.
So I'm trying to understand the proof of 2.3.14
The first direction is fine
The second, the only nontrivial step is to somehow get those $g_j$'s from the fact that $\mathcal O(D)$ is trivial.
I don't understand how to do this
16:48
@Danu The flurry of terminologies is confusing. What does it mean to say $\mathcal{O}(D)$ is trivial, by the way?
@BalarkaSen $X\times \Bbb C$
It's a line bundle
Isomorphic to $D \times \Bbb C$, you mean?
$D$ is a divisor hehe
Not a space
Sheaf of holomorphic functions isn't a bundle in general, though?
$\mathcal O(D)$ is the line bundle associated to the divisor $D$
16:50
Oh, I see.
That's weird notation.
Can you remind me what a principal divisor is? I do not really deal with this algebraic terminologies in the topological category.
Divisor arising from a meromorphic function
Zeros minus poles
So given that $\mathcal O(D)$ is trivial
We need to produce a mero $f$ such that $(f)=D$
This is simple one we have those $g$'s
But how do I produce those $g$'s, and in particular how do I use triviality?
Yeah I guess it's not clear to me how one does that. Sorry for not being helpful.
Not really familiar enough with the holomorphic category.
17:09
It coincides with the notation $O(n)$.
Ah, good point.
For some reason I confuzzled it with the notation for the ring of global section of the sheaf of holomorphic functions on a variety.
I have a simple probability question
Do I want to take a course on algebraic cycles, an introduction to modular forms, or neither?
You'd probably enjoy the former more than the latter.
although that's based on pure guessing and knowing your mathematical taste a bit.
yo @MikeMiller, how's it going?
17:16
It's good.
@MikeMiller Modular forms
good, good
A modular forms course would probably involve endless complicated analytic estimates, not just the geometric content
With modular forms I might understand what my friends are talking about.
They're super* important in lots of mirror symmetry n such stuff
Freudian slip right there haha
17:17
Analytic estimates are good.
So I was shown a while back a puzzle that simplifies to something like this: "You have 7 bowling balls: 6 are 16 pounds, and 1 is 15 pounds. You have one of those old gravity scales that you can put things on either side of to see which one is heavier. How do you find the 15 pound ball by using the scale only twice?"
If you're fine with that, go for it.
The answer to the puzzle is pretty simple, but I was wanting to approach it from a probability viewpoint
oh yeah, mike, if you ever meet a math grad student at ucla named kevin who studies logic, he's a good friend of mine. he just started there this year
I played poker with him two weeks ago. Nice guy, a bit quiet.
17:19
neat
My attempt goes like this: The scale can differentiate between 3 states, so the probability that ball $b_n$ is the 15 pound one is $P(b_n) = 1/7$
@MikeMiller Hi, by the way. Good to see your around.
And the probability you want to hit after the first sampling of the scale is $P(b_n | A)$, where $A$ is some additional knowledge that can be gained by sampling with the scale
So $P(b_n | A) = \frac{P(A | b_n)}{7 P(A)} = 1/3$, which implies $P(A) < \frac{3}{7}$
@SamuelY I'll mention you next time we talk.
So my question is: is there a way to enumerate all the A's that satisfy that requirement?
17:29
@Mike cool!
Hi, I am trying to prove (as an exercise) that for an infinite set $A$ we have $A^2\sim A$.
The exercise define $\mathscr{F}:=\{(X,f): X\subset A \quad\mbox{and}\quad f:X\to \{0,1\}\times X \quad\mbox{and}\quad \vert\Bbb{N}\vert\le \vert X\vert\}$ and an ordered relation as $(X,f)\le(Y,g)$ if $X\subset Y$ and $g$ restricted to $X$ is $f$.

I used Zorn's lemma to deduce that there exists a maximal element noted $(X_0,f_0)$ where $X_0=\bigcup_{(X,f)\in\mathcal{C}}X$ and $\mathcal{C}$ is a the totally ordered set included in $\mathscr{F}.$
I haven't gotten round to thinking about that exercise of yours on codimension 2 submanifolds of S^n, been pressed with school. (slightly embarrassed to admit I have also been wasting time watching movies and reading) Hopefully will get more time from next week as holiday starts.
"wasting time watching movies and reading" WRONG
Being/becoming cultured is not a waste of time
Exactly what I was going to say.
watching movies= being cultured ??
17:34
That's true. Was just saying that's cutting out my math-time; not preferable.
@JeSuis =becoming cultured, if you watch non-crappy ones.
@BalarkaSen It is very useful to clean one's mind with entertainment. =)
@Danu :-)
It usually helps with your mathematical output.
@PedroTamaroff What have you been doing?
17:43
@Balarka As usual, I am ashamed of you.
Or not.
@BalarkaSen Taking my last two courses, which are PDEs and an introduction to numerical calculus.
@MikeMiller Have you seen any Ray films, btw? That's what I have been watching all these weeks.
@BalarkaSen What are those?
@PedroTamaroff Nice.
@PedroTamaroff directed by Satyajit Ray.
I like some of his stuff
17:47
No. I read a few books last week.
ah, what book?
Einstein manifolds, High-Rise, Tate cohomology, Film as art.
I've been reading a collection of stories by Hemingway.
interesting ordering :)
@Pedro for me it's been Borges.
should read more of Hemingway
You're right. Generalized Tate cohomology was first, Einstein manifolds third.
17:55
hah
oh, I wanted to ask something but I forgot. I wanted to revise my differential forms but wanted a book which actually does something with them than just introduce them and say "this is the gateway to de Rham theory", because I am getting demotivated by rereading and doing exercises.
can you recommend me a book like that? preferably not Bott-Tu and the like, because that seems to do algebraic topology with forms, which I am not really keen to learn
(I should mention I have studied what's in chapter 1-3 in G-P)
I don't know what you're asking. What do you mean review differential forms but not do de Rham theory? What do you want to do...?
I am good with learning de Rham theory. But not homotopy theory, which I think is a major part of what Bott-Tu does?
Yeah, I mean, in the second half of the book.
Would prefer more geometric aspects of it than algebraic.
@MikeMiller Ah.
Geometry of differential forms, Morita.
18:04
Thanks.
There's also a workbook in differential geometry by some authors I don't remember that I always recommend my students and they never use.
I'd look at it if you tell me what the book is.
@Balarka, you should really do some Algebraic Number Theory
It's superb
I'd like to. But that's a long way from where I am.
Did you learn something new?
Today we calculated the Dirichlet density of the number of primes $p$ such that $2$ is a square mod $p$, or a cube mod $p$ and even a fourth power mod $p$.
And it was surprisingly easy
Thanks, @MikeM.
@Krijn interesting
what's the Dirichlet density again?
Probably too much to hope for, but when is a function space second countable in the compact open topology?
Are there any general results?
@BalarkaSen Ehhh, for a number field $K$ with $P$ a subset of prime ideals of its ring of integers $\mathcal{O}_K$ it is defined as $$\lim_{s \to 1} \frac{\sum_{\mathfrak{p} \in P} \frac{1}{N(\mathfrak{p})^s}}{\sum_{\mathfrak{p} \in \text{Max}(\mathcal{O}_K)} \frac{1}{N(\mathfrak{p})^s}}$$
@Krijn Yay for Dirichlet series.
18:29
@Krijn I see
@PedroTamaroff I still need to develop intuition for this though
I keep thinking of it as a chance too much
@Krijn Ah?
Like, the density of prime ideals with $f_\mathbb{Q} = 1$ (residue class degree or something?) is 1, but that doesn't mean that almost every prime ideal has $f = 1$, right?
@Krijn Well, you haven't given meaning to "almost every".
18:39
@Pedro I can't :(
@Krijn The point is that your definition of density gives meaning to that.
The number of primes which are $\pm 1 \mod{8}$ have Dirichlet density $\frac{1}{2}$. Does that imply that for big $n$, there will be almost the same amount of primes $\pm 1 \mod 8$ and $\pm 3 \mod 8$?
I have no idea how Dirichlet density and usual density relate.
I probably think of it too much as usual density
19:19
@MikeMiller Many thanks.
If $f:A \to A$ is surjective, is it also injective?
No, take $A = \mathbb{N}$ and send all positive numbers $n \mapsto n-1$ and send $0 \mapsto 0$.
darn
Thanks! :)
It holds for finite $A$ though.
Related question. If $f: A \to A$ is surjective, then does $\mathbb{Im}f = A?$
19:33
@Krijn I never got back anything from you about that movie :) But I understand if you're distracted. Just curious how people other than me or people of this bit of the world thinks of it.
@SAWblade That's the definition of surjectivity.
@BalarkaSen Ya, some friends showed up and then I ended up in a bar and stuff
Namely, a function is surjective if every point of its codomain is in the image of some point in the domain, @SAWblade.
Fair distraction.
Okay, so my friend and I are struggling to understand something then. If $f:A \to A$ is surjective, then $\text{Im} f = A$, and then by the first isomorphism theorem $G/\ker f \cong \text{Im}f = A$, which implies the kernel is always trivial. Is that true? xD
19:36
@SAWblade It depends, you apparently are talking about objects with some structure on them
Groups!
I took $A$ to be some set, but you seem to talk about $A$ to be a vector space, and $f$ a linear map, or a group and a homomorphism
$A/G \cong A$ for some subgroup $G$ of $A$ does not mean $G$ is trivial in general.
Well yeah, then the situation is different
It doesn't! Okay, awesome, that's what was confusing us. xD
Can you give me an example? :0
19:40
I suppose that you could construct such group by making infinite direct products or so
Take $A = \Bbb Z/2 \oplus \Bbb Z/2 \oplus \cdots$. Look at the endomorphism of $A$ which sends $(a_1, a_2, a_3, \cdots)$ to $(a_2, a_3, \cdots)$. This is surjective with kernel isomorphic to the first copy of $\Bbb Z/2$.
par
par
Hi friends. Quick question for you (I apologize if this is the wrong venue for it). How does one go about requesting for an existing question to be migrated to Math Overflow?
The endomorphism there is known as the left shift operator.
@SteamyRoot It's hard to come up with non-Hopfian but finitely presented group.
Wrap the circle about itself a few times, @SAWblade.
Balarka can tell you about it.
Quotient, you get the circle.
19:46
Right, also a good and geometric example.
So I realized Huybrechts only calls a result a "theorem" if he's unable to prove it in the book.
I don't agree with this choice, but it's interesting :P
.
Oops. xD
Thanks for the quick answers, all. :)
20:02
hi mr @Pedro, no-longer-starving @Danu
and @Balarka and @Krijn ...
@Balarka: Re differential forms beyond where you are, look at a wonderful little book by Darling (RDR initials or something like that).
@TedShifrin Figs and yoghurt :3
Also, did you have any comment on the Kodaira dimension?
Any intuition for what the heck it means? And why is it $-\infty$ if the canonical ring equals $\Bbb C$?
There isn't much to comment besides the definition and the fact that it's important in classification of higher-dimensional complex varieties.
Hey @Ted
@TedShifrin So why is it defined like that?
Because of things like Kodaira embedding ... which you'll get to eventually.
20:06
Okay
If a line bundle is positive, it may still not have enough sections to embed you in $\Bbb P^N$ for some $N$, but if you take a high enough tensor power, it will work.
And if it's negative, fuggetaboudit.
@Danu: BTW, I bet Huybrechts proves Kodaira vanishing/embedding and calls them theorems.
@TedShifrin Whatcha wanna bet?
I haven't checked yet
If I'm right, you owe me a dinner :)
When you come visit?
20:10
It'll be a student-level dinner.
Same for you?
OK. :)
Also, if he doesn't fully prove them, but calls them theorems, then nobody wins.
LOL ... he wouldn't dare.
PROPOSITION
Proposition 5.2.2 (Kodaira vanishing)
lololol
Proposition 5.3.1 (Kodaira embedding theorem)
I win!
But the index calls it theorem and he refers to them as theorems. He's a dope.
20:13
No weaseling out of it :P
"Let us now come to the proof of the Kodaira vanishing theorem."
Proposition!
If some of the deepest results can't be called theorems, then the reader can't distinguish between proposition and theorem. I fire him.
Obviously, the header of the relevant tex environment determines it
It's ridiculous though
Having written 4 books in LaTeX, and having revised my own style documents, I do not accept that excuse.
20:15
I'm expecting a dinner :P
I suppose you are.
:D :D :D
From the preface: "In general, all results are proved except for assertions presented as 'theorems', indicating that they are beyond the scope of this book." What crap.
Oh!
I was just sure because he did the same with "Siegel's theorem"
(called it a proposition in the end, while referring to it as a theorem throughout the text)
I would instead put Theorem*, with a notation in the preface that such things do not have proofs.
20:17
Yeah, it's a strange choice
I mean, Kodaira's deep theorems and Ted's proposition should not get equal weight.
Lol
He also misspelled Griffiths in his bibliography. Sigh.
But what if Ted was a really nice guy!
@TedShifrin Precise reference? I'm compiling typos (have like 20+ already!)
Irrelephant.
Reference 59.
20:19
The best one I found so far is
"moduli spaces of shaves"
Well, I have pages of notes on mistakes/typos in Griffiths/Harris, to be fair. And lots of mistakes in my own books which the publisher is too lazy to fix.
Which is, surprisingly, not a nonsensical sentence :D
@TedShifrin I just hope Huybrechts doesn't already know about them.
well, there are closer shaves and less closer shaves. Sounds fine to me, of coarse.
Do you at least have the errata online?
Have you checked his website for errata?
20:20
@TedShifrin I see what you did there
@TedShifrin I tried to find some, didn't find any.
Yes, I do for my books. And for Guillemin & Pollack. Never typed up everything in Griffiths/Harris.
nice
Hahahaha
From Huybrechts' website:
Under books:
> (with M. Lehn) The geometry of moduli spaces of shaves. Aspects of Mathematics E 31, Vieweg (1997), 260 pages.
Same error :D
BTW, the stuff you and I were discussing about $\mathcal O(D)$ you can find discussed in my complex geometry notes pp. 19-20-...
Cool
Hmm, today I look green again.
20:31
"A single vector parallel to a plane is not enough to convey the
“direction” of the plane, but a vector perpendicular to the plane does completely specify
its direction" - I'm skeptical about this. If a vector is parallel to a 3D plane then surely that specifies the plane's "direction". If it is orthogonal, then the vector specifies the plane's direction once more. how does the former not completely specify its direction?
@TedShifrin Still orange to me!
Tarnation!
@Obliv, the vector (1,0,0) is parallel to the xy-plane, but also to infinitely many other planes. However, only the scalar multiples of (0,0,1) are orthogonal to that plane.
(@Obliv: Think of a revolving door rotating about the x-axis. All those planes are parallel to the x-axis.)
Well, I guess I'm leaving.
@TedS I see. Thanks man
You understand, @Obliv?
@TedShifrin Could you hold one one sec please?
What should I read before Chapter 2 of Hirsch to get prepared for function spaces?
20:43
Yes. Many planes may share a common parallel vector that are not necessarily parallel to each other. Non-parallel planes may not share a common orthogonal vector, correct? @tedS
Stuff in Munkres on compact-open topology would help, @0celo.
Correct, @Obliv :)
@TedShifrin Yeah, I'm doing that.
But he (Hirsch) makes a claim that the weak topology is second countable -- neither my advisor nor analysis prof know how to approach it.
*topology prof
@TedShifrin I've just spent half an hour searching my computer for the files you sent me---I somehow can't find them!!!
Do you maybe have a (partial) file name of one or more of the files, so I can search my hard drive with those? I'm sure they must be on there, since I remember having looked at them!
I'll think about it @0celo. It should follow if you can do it for maps on Euclidean spaces.
@Danu: Let me look.
Ah, I found some of it!!
I found your difftop stuff
20:49
Same email. It's labeled 18.969
Ah, never mind. I found the rest, too :D
I put it in a really bad spot!
@TedShifrin I'm trying to read the proof of the Meyers-Steenrod theorem. It's not going well because I'm not at all familiar with the compact-open topology. Munkres' two pages on it aren't very helpful...
Well, @0celo, I'll leave it to you to work on it.
@Danu: I didn't realize computers had good spots and bad spots.
Huy
Huy
@TedShifrin: one of my former students just added me on facebook. that means they didn't all hate me !!!
Don't be so sure, @Huy. I've had former students add me too.
Huy
Huy
20:53
haha
Which Meyers-Steenrod?
@MikeMiller Isometry group of a Riemannian manifold is a Lie group.
@TedShifrin I really order everything very "well" in my folders.
So if I put it in a path that I didn't expect (months later) then it's very hard to find.
I put your notes in my "thesis material" folder
Create a theory of Frechet manifolds and prove that it's a finite dimensional closed subgroup of a Frechet Lie group.
While I should've put it in the "Mathematics" folder
20:55
Ohhhh @Danu.
@MikeMiller ...is that something someone's done?
Frechet manifolds is a thing
@Danu Of course.
But has someone shown what Mike said?
Oh, once you have Frechet Lie groups the result is a triviality.
Of course Isom(M) is closed in Diff(M), once you know that isometries are diffeomorphisms.
Then the Lie algebra is the space of Killing fields.
have fuuuun 0celo7 lel
20:57
The "once you have" is the tricky part.
@MikeMiller Of course?
With what topology?
Compact-open?
That's not the correct topology on Diff(M).
That's the topology everyone's working with!
(The original paper, Kob-No, Petersen)
I don't think that coincides with the C^infty topology even if M is compact, but I forget these things.
01:00 - 21:0021:00 - 00:00

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