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Mew
12:36 AM
hello
anyone online?
 
12:49 AM
Hello @Mew !!
 
Mew
1:11 AM
Hi Mary
 
@MGA Check all the conditions one by one.
 
Mew
G'day Soham
do you know about the many body problem?
 
Nah, don't know much physics (if that's what it is).
Actually, don't know much of anything. :P
 
2:00 AM
@Mew Haven't seen you here in a while...
 
2:43 AM
Strange question, that I haven't found an answer to yet: every group $G$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of the permutation group on the set $G$. Is there a similar, more specific way to classify rings?
 
@Fargle I believe I saw some related question on MSE which said no.
 
@SohamChowdhury Hmm. I'll look for it.
 
32
Q: Why is there no Cayley's Theorem for rings?

Tom BoardmanCayley's theorem makes groups nice: a closed set of bijections is a group and a group is a closed set of bijections- beautiful, natural and understandable canonically as symmetry. It is not so much a technical theorem as a glorious wellspring of intuition- something, at least from my perspective,...

"Wow. You know that thing where everyone seems to know a secret but you? I'm so there right now."
Hahahaha
 
@SohamChowdhury Haha, what a great quote. And this is exactly what I'm looking for, thank you! I'll have to digest this a bit.
"Rings act on abelian groups, groups act on sets." ...whoa.
 
3:13 AM
So, what acts on a, uh, corps commutatif, @Fargle?
I figured out the reason why I have so much trouble studying point-set topology, @Fargle, so I'm really happy now. It's not point-set so much as it is nitty-gritty analysis things which I don't like. (Which are pretty much only a single chapter)
 
@SohamChowdhury I would suspect that a field $F$ would necessarily be a subring of the endomorphism ring on $(F, +)$ such that $F^{\times} \subseteq \mathrm{Aut}(F,+)$.
 
Hmm. I wonder if the following question has a known answer: Let $m,n$ be nonzero integers. Given a positive integer $a$, under what conditions will there exist integers $b,c$ such that $a=mb^2+nc^2$?
 
@SohamChowdhury Yeah, analysis can be pretty icky. What in particular gave you trouble?
 
The case of $m=n=1$ is essentially Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, and that page also discusses some results of the above kind. But it doesn't give a systematic statement.
...and then i notice the citation at the bottom to a book entitled "Primes of the form $x^2+n y^2$".
 
3:32 AM
okay, turns out it's a well-understood question. good to know.
 
@Semiclassical What conditions did you find?
 
didn't say i found the answer, just determined that it's a well-known problem :)
 
Oh. Well then.
 
it falls under the following rubric: Given a particular quadratic form with integer coefficients, what integers can it represent?
 
That makes a lot of sense. That makes it a pretty "standard" number theory question, it seems.
 
3:47 AM
right.
one user on OEIS has a page discussing the case of binary quadratic forms in particular, including links to some example sequences (e.g. positive integers representable as $x^2+y^2$)
 
Huh. I can't wait until some of this stuff doesn't go over my head.
 
Encyclopedia of Math also has a page on it: encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Binary_quadratic_form
 
I'll have to read that in the morning when I'm not stupid.
Goodnight all
 
night
 
Later pal.
 
4:40 AM
@TedShifrin I am a bit confused about $LAL^T$ in your lecture on quadratic forms. You say something like suppose I have a matrix $L$ and $U$ and suppose $U$ is similar to $L$ but not quite. I need a matrix that will allow me to "fudge", meaning operate on $U$ in such a way that it becomes like the transpose of $L$. And you give an example of a matrix that does this.
@TedShifrin but is there a name for being "almost like" a transpose? That sounds like a concept that would have a name. Or I may just be missing something....
@TedShifrin by the way, this is a really really really fun example. I had no idea how much fun simple quadratics could be again :P
Sorry! The matrix in the middle is $D$ for diagonal
 
4:57 AM
@Fargle I don't see the connection between your two sentences. Cayley's theorem is in no way a "classification" of groups...
 
I just don't like the stuff that falls into a first chapter -- show that the interior operator is idempotent etc. All that epsilon-delta pushing isn't really to my taste.
And I doubt it actually appears elsewhere until you're studying advanced analysis or "advanced general topology", whatever that might be.
 
5:15 AM
hi
anyone interested in a tricky puzzle?
1
Q: Finding real money on a strange weighing device

LembikYou have 50 coins which each weigh either 20 grams or 10 grams. Each is labelled from 0 to 49 so you can tell the coins apart. You have one weighing device as well. At the first turn you can put as many coins as you like on the weighing device and it will tell you exactly how much they weigh. H...

 
5:31 AM
@Lembik that's a really fun question! +1
Where did it come from?
 
@StanShunpike It's a variant of a famous puzzle that I made up
and thank you :)
@StanShunpike I think the first challenge is to solve it in 49 weighings :)
 
Why?
oh sure
You mean one less than 50
@Lembik one interesting thing I noticed was I'd you put one coin in, it could weigh10 or 20. If you put 2 in, 20,30,40...you put 3 in, 30,40,50,60
So the number of possible options is always the number of coins +1
I am not qualified to answer this, but it is fun brainstorming
 
5:47 AM
yes one less than 50.
please brainstorm away :)
 
6:00 AM
@Lembik for two coins I think it takes 50 trials too.
Have you tried this? What did you get?
 
@StanShunpike I have tried it for small ones.. I get 8 weighings for 12 coins
I am sure you can do it in less than 50 weighings as you always use fewer than n weighings for every case I have tried
but I don't know what the optimal number is
 
@AlexClark, what happened to your . . . challenge?
 
@Lembik The order of the coins makes no difference. So the problem is about for a given measurement, how many possible weights could it represent. Like if you get 30 and you have 3 coins, they all must be 10.
And like you say, all the weighings are predetermined.
So they constitute a set we know apriori once we decide how many coins to put on.
 
yes
@StanShunpike well.. once you decide which coins to put on
that makes a difference
 
6:37 AM
Let $A\subset X$ let $f : A\to Y$ be continuous ,let Y be hausdorff . Show that if f may be extended to a function $g :\bar{A} \to Y$ then g is uniquely determined by f
I want to know what they mean by uniquely determined by f
 
It means, given a fixed $f$, there is only one fixed $g$.
 
How should I prove that??
 
That's your problem, not mine :P
And use a single question mark.
 
Why?? :p
I always get stuck at the last question
 
Because people are nicer to you if you look different from anyone on this sub :P
 
6:42 AM
So the question means that if I expand the domain of the function $f$ then i will always reach only $g$ right @Soham
 
Thats pretty nice
Seems like a nice exercise
 
That sub is epic.
 
Counter strike
 
@AlexC: link is on point but pretty weird
 
Huy
7:28 AM
Morning, kids.
How's everyone this fine day?
 
Fine thanks. How are you pal :-)
 
Huy
Same, just woke up and I'm starting the day with a cup of coffee and extending my city in Cities Skylines a bit before going on with some more DiffGeo.
 
@SohamChowdhury Well, it totally is an AT obsession (i.e., wanting to learn only one subject without knowing what it's about). But I won't tell you what to do anymore, as it's apparently unwelcome.
All of mathematics is "deep stuff". sigh.
3
 
7:48 AM
if $$(y'(x))^2=2\cos{y(x)},y(0)=\dfrac{\pi}{2}$$ show that $y(x)=y(-x)$
 
8:03 AM
@Huy I've watched Let's Plays of Cities: Skylines on YouTube. These days I seem to spend more time watching people play computer games on YouTube than actually playing computer games myself.
 
Huy
8:56 AM
@RandomVariable: You should try it. It's amazing.
@RandomVariable: I think it's the best game I've ever bought.
 
@Huy Do you need a really good graphics card for it to run smoothly?
 
Huy
9:10 AM
@RandomVariable: Not sure, check out their website. I got a decent PC so I don't worry about that stuff. (7950 GPU)
@RandomVariable: I think CPU and RAM will become more important as you proceed in the game. Tbh I've never managed to get a population over 50k yet, so I can only guess.
 
10:02 AM
@BalarkaSen How am I supposed to know what something is about, as you say, without learning it first? How do I learn something before I learn it?
Isn't it possible that I simply like the questions topology talks about, and want to know about them?
I want to know more about Euler characteristic, for instance. Is that so bad?
And, with the kind of time I have (unlike lucky you), I can't really study NT at the same time, can I?
Also, @Balarka, I'm sorry for my part in the argument we had.
@Huy Oh, I showed my mom that brilliant video I linked yesterday. :)
 
@Hippalectryon tu fais des synthèses de document en anglais ?
 
@Gato oui
 
@Hippalectryon des conseils à donner ?
 
@Gato Pas vraiment, à part de faire une sorte de tableau récapitulatif de chaque document
Ca permet de faire facilement des liens entre les documents, de trouver les grandes parties
 
@Hippalectryon Ok, je vois, merci
 
10:25 AM
@Gato Aussi, la conclusion doit être très succinte (3-4 lignes)
Pas besoin de faire une ouverture
 
@Hippalectryon ah ok, merci :D
 
10:36 AM
Still drinking champagne and celebrating here! :-)))))
@Hippalectryon ^^^
 
@Chris'ssistheartist :-)
 
@Hippalectryon :-)))
 
dinking too much can cost you your brain cells
going to bath now, it helps me making new ideas
 
Huy
11:07 AM
@SohamChowdhury: What video? ö.ö
 
11:24 AM
Hello@Huy
 
Huy
hi
 
3
Q: Nonexistence of local isometry between equidimensional Riemannian manifolds

Robin GoodfellowRecall that all inner product spaces of the same dimension are isometric. For example, if $(M,\mathrm{g})$ and $(N,\mathrm{h})$ are Riemannian manifolds of the same dimension, then $(T_pM,\mathrm{g}_p)$ and $(T_qN,\mathrm{h}_q)$ are isometric inner product spaces. Let $\beta:T_pM\to T_qN$ be a (...

These kind of questions are rarely present in the hot network question list
 
Huy
?
 
?@Huy
 
Huy
If they were frequently present, they'd be duplicates and hence closed, no?
 
11:28 AM
@Chris'ssistheartist why ?
 
@Gato Read the comment I posted it yesterday and that was starred here. :-)
 
But people think of question like "what is the proof that a negative number exists" and what not... Someone should also ask questions which are not just thought from anyplace but which show some research and effort behind them @Huy
 
Huy
@Rememberme: Can you prove that a negative number exists?
 
Negative numbers are just extension of the natural numbers which can be constructed using peano axioms I assume @Huy
 
@Chris'ssistheartist about euleur sums ?
Euler *
 
Huy
11:31 AM
Do you often finish your proofs with "I assume", @Rememberme?
 
@Gato Yeah, I calculate them all by simple tools of the classical real analysis.
 
No since I dont want to think about it I just wrote it like that @Huy
Do you mind me asking you a question @Huy?
 
Huy
Sure.
 
Who is that small baby in the picture in your profile.... he/she is really quiet @Huy :)
 
Huy
@Rememberme: That's me, obviously. Just a few years ago.
 
11:34 AM
Few?
 
@Chris'ssistheartist and it was unknown ?
 
Doesn't seem so
 
@Gato Well, are you aware of any paper where all those series are done by simple solutions of the classical real analysis only? I'm not aware of anyone. I might be the first one that managed to do this, and major part of them will be in my book (maybe even all).
 
@Chris'ssistheartist I havent's seen this sums no, but i am not a sums addict :p. then, I must say congrats :))
 
@Gato Thanks! :-)
 
11:39 AM
@Chris'ssistheartist and what are you going to put in your book ?
 
@Gato Well, it will be a collection of problems and solutions about integrals, series and limits, major part of the problems being created by me, coming naturally from my own research.
 
@Chris'ssistheartist ok cool, and did you find a publisher ?
 
@Gato Up to 500 problems with solutions.
@Gato Yeah, I also received a proposal from a publisher, not from my favourite one.
 
@Chris'ssistheartist be sure, I will buy it :)
 
11:42 AM
Hello,soham
Look at this:
 
@Chris'ssistheartist and then we are going to know your real name ? :P
 
135
Q: Mathematical "urban legends"

Igor RivinWhen I was a young and impressionable graduate student at Princeton, we scared each other with the story of a Final Public Oral, where Jack Milnor was dragged in against his will to sit on a committee, and noted that the class of topological spaces discussed by the speaker consisted of finite spa...

Look at the first answer
 
@Gato Well, I wouldn't like to talk here about my real name, and probably I won't say anything if you ask me about this, but you will recognize that book is mine once is published. :-)
 
Yes I got that from your answer @Huy
 
11:44 AM
@Rememberme I've read almost all the top questions on MO and MSE :P
 
The first answer is just epic!!!!
 
@Gato I prefer to remain an anonymous here.
 
@Chris'ssistheartist but how can we find your book then ?
Amazon ?@Chris'ssistheartist
 
@Gato Hope so, and I also hope it will have a good price for any buyer. I intend to show a meganetwork of relations between amazing integrals, series and limits, not only to calculate them separately.
 
@Hippalectryon perhaps Hippa will find the book for me :P
 
11:47 AM
The amazing thing is to use them all once you solve them and attend more and more amazing stuff using the previous tools.
The thing with solving a question and then putting it aside and let the dust on it it's a very bad thing. I always need to use what he have already proven to get greater and greater results.
 
@Rem:
The following story is a bit strange to be true, but we all believed it as students, and I think I still do believe that a somewhat weaker version of events must have indeed occurred.
Michael Maschler (most famous in Israel as author of the standard math textbooks for middle-schools and high-schools) was in the middle of teaching an undergraduate course- I think it was Linear Algebra- when one afternoon he walks into the lecture hall and announces the discovery of a new class of incredible Riemannian symmetric spaces with incredible properties, missed by Elie Cartan. The undergrads ha
 
@Chris'ssistheartist when it will be available, I will talk with the librarian to buy it for the university :)
 
There is nothing to throw, no problem at all, all these can be turned into precious tools for future problems. This is my view on the solved problems.
@Gato OK :-)
 
haha@Soham
 
Then once you have a problem solved, you redimension it, endow it with, say, new parameters, you try to solve them in different conditions, the idea is to develop all into sophisticated tools.
Who only cares about solving a poor problem? That's not me. The real objectives have to always be great and for that you need those d*mn sophisticated (or better say, well developed) tools.
So, work extremely hard on that, work extremely hard on that and once again, work extremely hard on that ...
That's the key imho.
 
11:55 AM
@Rem, my favourite is this one:
One of the homework assignments had a question of the form:
"Let G1 be the group …, and G2 be the group … Prove that G1 and G2 are isomorphic."
One of the papers submitted had an answer "We will show that G1 is isomorphic..." and some nonsense, followed by "Now we'll show that G2 is isomorphic..." and more nonsense.
 
Huy
@SohamChowdhury @Rememberme: Check out the post about math puzzles, some of them were really cool.
@SohamChowdhury: Read the comments for the post you just quoted, those are amazing.
 
I have.
 
haha
 
@Chris'ssistheartist always the key but not the only one, and rather difficult too ;)
 
The set of all limit points always closed right?
 
12:21 PM
@Chris'ssistheartist Yeah that's hard :/ see @TedShifrin's books. Publishers sometimes set really high prices
 
@Hippalectryon Since I'm not a professional, they might not set such a price.
 
Let's hope so :-)
 
@Hippalectryon When you have time tell me some of your ideas about how such a book should be written. Well, things about anything related to such a book.
 
Ok, I'll think about it
 
@Hippalectryon OK, thanks! :-)
 
Mew
12:29 PM
hi can someone help with this quesitn
how can i show x + 1/x is always bigger than 2 for positive x
what's the simpliest way
i know it can be done with calculus
but how else?
 
@Mew Why do you want another way ?
 
Mew
because i was reading a book that said since x+x^-1 is more than 2
so matter of fact
I wondered if it was obvious
without perfomring a calculation and if so how
 
It is rather direct. Multiply both sides by $x$ you get $x^2-2x+1\ge0$. Isn't that clear ?
 
Mew
/
?
 
In fact, $x + 1/x \ge 2$, not $>$.
 
Mew
12:35 PM
yes
 
Assume the opposite.
Then $x^2 - 2x + 1 < 0$.
 
@SohamChowdhury That's not the opposite. The opposite would be $x^2-2x+1<0$ for one given $x$
 
So $(x-1)^2 < 0$, so . . . ?
@Hippalectryon $\exists x . x+1/x < 2$, yes.
 
You mean $<2$ ?
 
But it's astounding how many people never learn how to negate quantified statements.
Ach, yes.
 
12:37 PM
:-)
 
Mew
alright i get it
thanks
 
Good. :)
 
You don't need to negate it though. As I said above, just look at $x^2-2x+1\ge0$, which is clear.
 
Mew
yeah
i dont think negating is necessary
 
1:11 PM
@Hippalectryon Can you believe I didn't attend any drop of mathematics since yesterday? :-) I simply don't wanna think of anything mathematical. :-)))))
 
@Chris'ssistheartist You're gonna be sick, lol
 
@Hippalectryon lolllll :-)
 
Well, it's good to take a break from time to time
 
Yeap. :-)
I'm out to watch a movie. :-)
 
@Hippalectryon the point is, i do maths in my leisure, definition of a break differs with people.
 
1:20 PM
@Agawa001 Still, you take a break from something you usually do.
That's pretty general
 
my beak is those few minutes i take hike on my feet or ride my bike, smell fresh air and bathe in sea (when it s summer) , i dont usually go to bar or play any thing entertaining
i just made a mathematical function which spares me n*n calculations, i m looking forward to see results on projecteuler
 
@StanShunpike You'll have to ask me in person what your question is. I'm not sure I get it. No, there's no name for "almost a transpose." :P
 
Huy
1:40 PM
@TedShifrin: There's many examples of "what is not a submanifold", e.g. we look at $f: S^1 \to \mathbb{R}^2$ given by $f(x,y) = (x,xy)$ which produces a figure 8. The map $f$ is a proper immersion but clearly not injective. This shows me that this specific map $f$ is not an embedding. But how can I show that in general, the figure 8 is not an embedding in $\mathbb{R}^2$ or that it is in general not a submanifold?
 
Good exercise for you @Huy: Prove that any embedded $k$-dimensional submanifold in $\Bbb R^n$ must locally be a graph of a smooth function over one of the standard $k$-dimensional planes in $\Bbb R^n$. (So in $\Bbb R^2$, a graph over either the $x$-axis or the $y$-axis.)
 
Huy
@TedShifrin: Any submanifold is embedded by the inclusion map, right?
 
Any embedded submanifold, yes.
Do you need a hint for the exercise?
 
Huy
I think we did a similar result and I'm trying to remember it.
@TedShifrin: This only holds in $\mathbb{R}^n$?
 
Well, my conclusion only makes sense in $\Bbb R^n$. You can make sense of it appropriately in a chart on a more general manifold, yes.
 
1:59 PM
If 0 times any number is 0, what logical principle has been used on this statement to say that 0 times no number is nonzero? @TedShifrin is it The law of non-contradiction?
 
I have no idea ... I don't know these basic logic terms.
 
Huy
@TedShifrin: Using your statement, the reason it cannot be an embedded $1$-submanifold is because in any neighbourhood, the intersection point cannot be the graph of a function over an axis, right? Just making sure I understand your statement correctly.
 
Correct, @Huy. But it reduces to a finite check ... That's the beauty of this result. Same thing with something like $y^2=x^3$.
OK, we have gorgeous weather, so I'm going for a walk. BBIAB.
 
Huy
Have fun!
 
later pal
 
2:04 PM
Hello!!
Is someone of you familiar with theoretical computer science?
Are you familiar with CS @Agawa001 ?
 
counter strike ? no, C sharp ? lil bit
 
@DanielFischer Hi!!! Can I ask you something?
Does $x-y \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ imply that $y-x \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ ?
 
Computer science ? be more precise
 
@SohamChowdhury What do you mean?
 
@evinda yes
 
2:12 PM
@evinda Yes, $a$ is a multiple of $m$ if and only if $-a$ is a multiple of $m$. Set $m = 3$.
 
and the invese is also true
 
Are you familiar with Rice's theorem and reduction? @Agawa001
 
@Agawa001 @DanielFischer Great!!!And from this we have that the relation:
$xRy \Leftrightarrow x-y \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ is not antisymmetric, right?
 
@MaryStar hmm sorry, im afraid i cant help in this
 
Ok... no problem... @Agawa001
 
2:18 PM
@evinda Well ... you need to show that there are $x\neq y$ with $xRy$ to conclude that. Not that that is difficult.
 
@DanielFischer A ok.. We can pick 6 and 9, right?
 
@evinda Err, but $6-9 \equiv 0 \pmod{3}$.
 
@DanielFischer So do we want x and y such that $x \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ ?
 
@evinda Yes, we want $x \neq y$ such that $xRy$ - and then also $yRx$ - to deduce that $R$ is not antisymmetric. For then we have $xRy \land yRx$, yet $(x,y) \notin \Delta$, so $R$ is not antisymmetric. [If your definition of antisymmetry is that for no $x,y$ we have $xRy$ and $yRx$, then we don't need the $x\neq y$ constraint, but in this case $xRy$ implies $x\neq y$.]
 
This is my definition:

If M is a set $R \subseteq M \times M$ , then R is antisymmetric, if it holds

$\forall x, y \in M: xRy \and yRx \Rightarrow x = y$ @DanielFischer
$x-y \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ and $y-x \not\equiv 0 \not\mod 3$

$4-5 \not\equiv 0 \mod 3$ and $5-4 \not\equiv 0 \mod 4$ but $5 \neq 4$.

So can we pick $x=4,y=5$ ? @DanielFischer
 
2:35 PM
@evinda Well, you were talking about a Greek dance, and I linked you to something with a nice Greek lute player. :)
 
@SohamChowdhury Could you relink it? I didn't see it.
 
@Rememberme Hey, I was just fighting with this very problem. What a coincidence!
 
@evinda Yes, we can pick $4$ and $5$. In fact we can take any $x,y$ with $xRy$, since $R$ is symmetric (but irreflexive).
 
@Rem, I think this works only in Hausdorff spaces, but I'm not sure yet because I don't properly know what those are. It works in metric spaces all right AFAIK.
 
Nice :D @SohamChowdhury
@DanielFischer Thank you very much!!!
 
Huy
2:50 PM
@SohamChowdhury: Pretty much all bow instruments are without frets?
 
Any news? @SohamChowdhury
 
If 0 times any number is 0, what logical principle has been used on this statement to say that 0 times no number is nonzero? @DanielFischer is it The law of non-contradiction? I was thinking along the lines of if all real numbers have the property 0 times any real number is 0, then no real number can not have this property, for that would be a contradiction.
It is impossible to have a property and not have the same property at the same time.
 
Huy
@skillpatrol: I think you mean "not have the same property"
 
@Huy yes, thank you :-)
@TedShifrin wb
 
Thanks, skull. Did you decide on the logic term?
Heya @DanielF :)
@skull: You're wanting to say that $\forall x\, P(x)$ implies $\not\exists x \,\sim P(x)$.
 
Huy
2:58 PM
This might be the first time I see @skillpatrol doing something maths-related in this chatroom.
 
I know @Huy. Are we settled on the submanifold issue? You know how to prove it ?
 
Huy
Not quite, can you give a hint?
 
Inverse function theorem. Enough hint? :)
 

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