Non-equlibrium plasma, or non-thermal plasma, or cold-plasma is a type of plasma where the elctrons are at way higher temperatures than the ions. It is normally used to sterilize materials in the pharmaceutical and food industry, but it is electrically conductive and can be used as a catalyst for...

Some elements like mercury, bismuth, or tungsten are not very abundant in the earth’s crust, but they can condense into rich minerals which are easy to mine. Rare earth elements (scandium, yttrium, and lanthanides) are the exact opposite. These elements are not very rare, but are too dispersed to...